Performance Analysis of Rooftop Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic System | Chapter 14 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 13

 For electric power generation, solar technology is the chosen trend. Solar photovoltaic systems connected to the grid are a cost-effective way to generate electricity on a large scale. Such huge power systems operate effectively on the grid. A 150KW grid-connected solar photovoltaic system was designed and modeled in this study, and the results were compared to real-time data.

RenewSys DESERV3M6 72 Cells is the model utilized for real-time data. It's a Silicon Poly-Crystalline Module. We looked at the design and annual performance of a grid-connected solar photovoltaic power plant in this paper. We also looked into how the output power of the SPV system degraded.

Author(s) Details

Tarana Afrin Chandel
Research laboratory in Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Integral University, Post: Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026. Uttar Pradesh, India.

Md Arifuddin Mallick
Research laboratory in Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Integral University, Post: Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026. Uttar Pradesh, India.

Mohd Yusuf Yasin
Research laboratory in Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Integral University, Post: Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026. Uttar Pradesh, India.

View Book :  https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V13/article/view/1173

A Multidisciplinary Approach to Mobility Education Based on Traffic Physics and Crowd Theory | Chapter 13 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 13

 We are all too aware with the problem of overcrowding. The application of physics, mathematics, and biology to a traffic jam population will aid in discovering how and why this difficult scenario occurs, as well as possible solutions. As part of the mobility education project "SicuraMente," we conducted a crowd behavior experiment by simulating a situation with high city traffic. Using an experimental method, we demonstrated that a route with restricted access can cause traffic congestion and that the crowd of pedestrians may be reduced by mandating the crowd to use dedicated streets. As a model, a situation has been proposed in traffic physics. When the outgoing time of the student crowd from the outlet road was compared with and without the presence of an obstacle in the middle of the roadway, it was discovered that in the presence of an obstacle, the traffic jam is resolved more quickly because the flow of people is divided into two separate channels. lowering the likelihood that two people are near and that this will cause an impediment (example of counter-intuitive physical principle). We also discovered that the speed of the crowd's constituents has an effect on the occurrence of traffic jams, which are more likely to occur when the speed is higher. Because of these critical variables in the design of road networks and transportation infrastructure, students have reasoned not only about physics disciplines, but also about proper driving behavior. When it comes to teaching in the context of a variety of academic subjects, with road safety education as the setting and goal, The groundbreaking multimodal approach to education for healthy and sustainable mobility that was pioneered in Italy has proven to be beneficial. The context can be used to create a continuous link between different subjects and school levels, as well as to generate new teaching approaches.

Author (s) Details

Laura Tamburini
Regional Board of Education, Friuli Venezia Giulia 34124, Italy and Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34100, Italy and SicuraMente-young Non Profit Organization, Trieste 34141 Italy.

Giovanni Marchesich
SicuraMente-young Non Profit Organization, Trieste 34141 Italy.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V13/article/view/1172

Calibrating Codes Safety Factors for Different Life Cycles - Proposed Simplified Procedure | Chapter 12 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 13

A simpler method for calibrating code safety factors was employed in the updating of the revised Israeli Code specifications for aseismic bridge building due to a 120-year life cycle. Structures are frequently developed with a 50-year life cycle in mind, however unique or vital infrastructure facilities should be developed with a longer life cycle in mind. Aside from difficulties of reliability and maintenance, this also necessitates the requirement to cover the risk of exceeding characteristic design live loads for an extended period while retaining the same agreed-upon risk levels assumed by various codes as adequate enough for a normal 50-year life cycle. Scaling partial safety factors, or an additional "compensating" factor, is required since these structures are developed utilizing design methodologies, formulations, material characteristic strengths, and partial safety factors in compliance with existing regulations. This paper proposes a streamlined approach for determining an appropriate code safety factor calibration based on structural reliability.

 Author (s) Details

Eliezer Shamir
Shamir Posner Brown Consulting Engineering LTD., BneiBrak 5120263, Israel.

View Book : - https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V13/article/view/1171

Promoting a Clean and Hygienic Environment Using Internet of Things | Chapter 11 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 13

 Every intelligent environment is built on the backbone of smart devices based on the Internet of Things (IoT). Life becomes easier when sensors and actuators are connected to one another and to the Internet. The Smart City and "Swachh Bharath Abhiyan" efforts of the Indian government seek to provide a safe and hygienic environment. Due to population increase, industrialisation, and urbanization, the unorganized disposal of solid waste in landfills is becoming more widespread. Smart waste management is required in all countries due to the significant volume of solid waste created. A approach for tracking dustbins in smart cities, families, and organizations is proposed in this chapter. The project's goal was to improve waste management within the company. The waste level in the bins is monitored on a regular basis. When the dustbins reach their maximum capacity, an alert will be sent to the appropriate authorities, along with the bin details for waste disposal.

Furthermore, even if the garbage level does not surpass the dustbin's full capacity, the gas sensors in the bins detect the bad odor and issue a warning when it surpasses a particular threshold level. There are also locations where dustbins must be emptied on a regular basis. The system's widespread application would promote a healthy and safe environment.

Author (s) Details

A. Arul Anitha
Department of Computer Science, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.

L. Arockiam
Department of Computer Science, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.

View Book : - https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V13/article/view/1170

Low-frequency Small-signal Amplifier with BJT-JFET Hybrid Unit in Sziklai Pair Topology | Chapter 10 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 13

 To build small-signal amplifiers, a PSpice Model of BJT and JFET with their hybrid combination in Sziklai pair topology is presented. With a maximum voltage gain of 30.41, the suggested amplifier will enhance low amplitude signals in the frequency range of 3.035Hz to 93.808Hz. THD of 2.44 percent and highest current gain of 43.05 This feature looks into the possibilities of applying the proposed amplifier circuit in EEG, seismometers, and undersea undersea communication circuits. The qualitative behavior of the suggested circuit is also explored to evaluate how it performs in various contexts, such as temperature dependence, noise behavior, the influence of adjusting biasing resistances and capacitors, small-signal analysis, and so on.

Author (s) Details

SachchidaNand Shukla
Department of Physics and Electronics, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, Ayodhya, 224001, UP, India

Pratima Soni
Department of Physics and Electronics, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, Ayodhya, 224001, UP, India.

Dr. Geetika Srivastava
Department of Physics and Electronics, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, Ayodhya, 224001, UP, India

View Book : - https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V13/article/view/1169

A Detailed Analysis of Microgrids | Chapter 9 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 13

A microgrid is a collection of linked loads and dispersed energy resources that, in relation to the grid, operate as a single unit inside a clearly defined electrical boundary. For generating power, a microgrid linked to distributed energy resources (DER) has proven to be a viable alternative to fossil fuels such as coal. Because of the associated comfort, microgrids have prepared the way for their penetration in a network of electrical components. Many issues and concerns arise when integrating the micro grid with the electricity grid. Microgrid architecture, control mechanisms, and operating modes such as grid connected or islanded mode are all being researched. This study builds on past research on microgrid difficulties by presenting solutions provided by researchers in areas such as microgrid design, operation, and control, as well as distributed energy resources (DER), Controllers, converters, energy storage, and security for microgrids, as well as difficulties that have yet to be solved

Author (s) Details

V. Bharathi
VIT University, Vellore, India.

M. Arunachalam
Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Reva University Bangalore, 560064, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V13/article/view/1168

Performance Evaluation of RISC-V Architecture | Chapter 8 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 13

The Gem5 simulator is used in this study to assess the performance of a RISC-V architecture-based CPU. The Gem5 simulator is used to analyze performance measures such as bandwidth, latency, throughput, branch prediction, pipeline stages, and memory hierarchy in the processor architecture. Various simulation models are utilized to discover the optimal reference model for RISC-V architecture design and development. This reference model's cache memory functionality is verified using the Universal Verification Methodology verification methodology (UVM) Simulations reveal that the program and data cache have the best performance in terms of execution time, hit rates, miss rates, and miss latencies. The Gem5 simulator was used to evaluate the performance of several setups in order to discover the best one.

Author (s) Details

Lakshmaiah Alluri
HDG, CDAC, Thiruvananthapuram, India.

Dr. M. Bhaskar
Department of Electronics and Communication, NIT, Trichy, India.

Hemant Jeeven Magadam
ITNS, CDAC, Thiruvananthapuram, India

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V13/article/view/1167

Studies on Environmental Friendlier Magnesium Fuel from Liquid Waste Bittern | Chapter 7 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 13

Due to a projected need to reduce fossil fuel usage while also lowering greenhouse gas emissions, magnesium metal production is predicted to increase significantly over the next decade and beyond. Bittern is considered a hazardous liquid waste to the atmosphere, posing substantial environmental risks; nonetheless, it has numerous uses in industrial and agriculture, as well as in the production of magnesium and other compounds. To extract pure magnesium oxide from bittern, precipitation procedures utilizing sodium or ammonium hydroxide or oxalic acid solutions were proposed, as well as technological procedures incorporating both. Magnesium metal manufacture is technically difficult and has extremely high production costs. High-temperature reduction, electrolysis of molten magnesium chloride, and other technologies involving the use of a laser and solar radiation are among the most recent methods for creating magnesium metal from oxides. The bittern solution is an example of a valuable resource for magnesium and other low-cost salts that could be created as by-products of Magnesia processing.

Author (s) Details

Dr. M. S. Shalaby
Pilot Plant Department, EL Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrir st.) Dokki, Giza, Egypt

Prof. Dr. Shakinaz A. El-Sherbini
Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt.

Rania Ramadan
Pilot Plant Department, EL Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrir st.) Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

Prof. Dr. Shadia A. El-Rafie
Pilot Plant Department, EL Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrir st.) Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

Prof. Dr. Hanem A. Sibak
Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt


View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V13/article/view/1166

Optimal Control of an HIV Model with Education Campaign, Screening and Treatment | Chapter 6 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 13

The optimum control theory was applied to a system of differential equations to meet the goal of reducing the infected population and limiting disease spread. The essential conditions of an optimal control issue were carefully investigated using Pontryagin's maximum theory. Human education, screening, and treatment of diseased persons were employed as prevention measures, and their results were clearly shown. The Runge-Kutta forward-backward sweep numerical approximation method is used to calculate the optimal control scheme. As controls, the numerical outcomes are displayed with the levels of educational campaigns, screening, and treatment rates. According to a sensitivity analysis, the interaction rate of susceptible to unaware HIV infection is the most sensitive parameter on the number of successful reproductions, while the progression rate of the treated class to full-blown AIDS is the least sensitive.

Author (s) Details

Marsudi
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia.

Trisilowati
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia.

Agus Suryanto
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia.

Isnani Darti
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V13/article/view/1165

Increment of Material Properties of EN24 Pinion by Heat Treatment Process | Chapter 5 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 13

 The goal of this research was to see if heat treatment could improve the material qualities of EN24 pinions. Heat treatment involves heating the base material over critical temperature and then cooling it with salt water, air, or oil. The failure study was performed on a failed pinion gear that is utilized in the automotive industry for power transmission. The pinion gear is composed of case carburized steel with low nickel and chromium content, and it has also been heavily corroded as a result of an environmental issue. The teeth are severely rusted and damaged on the surface. The crack, on the other hand, developed as a result of stress and can only be detected in specific locations. Nickel and chromium content are added, as well as heat treatment, to improve corrosion resistance. When compared to failure gear and EN24 steel before heat treatment, EN24 steel has superior mechanical qualities and wear resistance.

Author (s) Details

P. Tamilarasu
Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, India.

J. Jones Praveen
Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM TRP Engineering College, Tiruchirappalli, India.

B. Siddharthan
Department of Mechatronics, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, India.

U. Vivek
Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, India.

M. Giridharan
Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V13/article/view/1164

Recovery of Copper Metal through Reprocessing of Residues from a Hydrometallurgical Plant: An Advance Study | Chapter 4 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 13

 CHEMAF (Chemical of Africa) is a hydrometallurgical factory that was built in 2001. It makes copper (Cu) cathodes and cobalt (Co) salts by leaching Cu-Co oxidized ores in sulphuric acid under reducing conditions (Na2S2O5 or SO2), purifying the leach liquor with solvent extraction (SX), electrowinning copper, and precipitating Co as hydroxides. The leach liquor is recovered by thickening pulps from the ores leaching section and washing the leaching residues inside countercurrent decanters to deplete precious metals (CCD). Cu production's hydrometallurgical wastes were once dumped near the plant. Due to changes in the mineralogy of the Kalukuluku deposit, the amount of sulphide minerals in run-of-mine (ROM) ores has increased, and the storage of solid wastes may result in harmful pollutant release into the environment, The best management option for solid residues is to reprocess them. The current study uses a procedure based on sulphuric acid leaching followed by Cu metal recovery using cementation with iron shavings to recover Cu metal retained in hydrometallurgical solid residues (2.01 percent Cu and 0.32 percent Co). After conducting tests, it was discovered that the Cu leaching (90 percent) and When 150 g of solid residues were agitated at 500 rpm for 90 minutes (at 75°C) in 1 L of an acid solution (H2SO4: 30 g/L) under reducing conditions (Na2S2O5) and the pulp's redox potential was kept at 330 mV, Co (86%) was obtained. When 1 g of iron shavings was stirred for 60 minutes at room temperature and constant speed (400 rpm) in 250 mL of a metalliferous solution (10.84 g/L Cu and 1.73 g/L Co) prepared through the leaching of solid residues, copper was recovered as metal (2.5 g of solids assaying 93 percent Cu recovered at 86 percent).

Author (s) Details

L. M. Shengo
Inorganic Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of the Sciences, University of Lubumbashi, P.O. Box 1825, Likasi Avenue, Haut-Katanga Region, The Democratic Republic of Congo.

B. K. Kitungwa
Inorganic Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of the Sciences, University of Lubumbashi, P.O. Box 1825, Likasi Avenue, Haut-Katanga Region, The Democratic Republic of Congo.

C. W. N. Mutiti
Inorganic Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of the Sciences, University of Lubumbashi, P.O. Box 1825, Likasi Avenue, Haut-Katanga Region, The Democratic Republic of Congo.

J. L. M. Mulumba
The Applied Geophysics Unit, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lubumbashi, P.O. Box 1825, Kasapa Road, Katanga Province (DRC), Haut-Katanga Region, Democratic Republic of Congo.

F. P. Ilunga
Inorganic Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of the Sciences, University of Lubumbashi, P.O. Box 1825, Likasi Avenue, Haut-Katanga Region, The Democratic Republic of Congo.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V13/article/view/1163

Implementation of Travelling Field Generator in Wind Turbine Applications | Chapter 3 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 13

 Electrical generators are the beginning of a power system's network; they generate enough electricity to feed the consumers. Almost all of the generators used for this are AC generators, and we gather energy from the wind by employing windmills as well. A rotatable drive shaft, a first rotor assembly connected to the drive shaft, and a second independently-rotating rotor assembly attached to the drive shaft rearward of the first rotor assembly are all included in a dual rotor wind turbine according to the present invention. Because of the two spinning sections, this sort of generator has a lot of frictional and rotational losses, as well as a lot of vibrations in the tower. The expense of upkeep will also be significant. The focus of this work is on lowering the losses created by the twin rotor generator without abandoning its benefits. To put it another way, we're creating a single-rotor generator and simulating the second rotor spinning with a sequence of electromagnet and power electronic switches that are turned in a specific order. In order to obtain a higher relative velocity, dual rotor wind turbines are presently being introduced in a number of countries. TFG is a type of generator that is powered by a dual rotor wind turbine that operates at low wind speeds.

Author (s) Details

Bobby George Joseph
Electrical and Electronics Department, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, AJCET, Trivandrum, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V13/article/view/1162

Recent Study on Wireless Body-Area Monitoring Network for Outdoor Environment | Chapter 2 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 13

 Outdoor Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) with wireless sensors that operate near or in the human body face a major challenge in terms of energy efficiency. WBAN had a serious problem with energy consumption. As a result, the ZigBee S1 pro-type was employed as the transmit and receiver model in an outdoor simulation. The analysis was carried out based on the channel propagation characteristics of the ZigBee network with many sensing nodes that were utilized in simulation, and the design can calculate channel characteristics such as received power, path loss, and so on. path gain, path loss-free space Based on the values acquired, the simulation allows you to determine the optimum approach to reduce energy use. There are two ways to send data from patient nodes to the hospital utilizing a multi-point route in simulation. By employing the proposed technology, the power of the transmitter may be greatly lowered and the energy required to communicate data can be substantially lowered.

Author (s) Details

Ahmed Mohammed Q. Al-Asadi
Department of Computer Engineering Techniques, Electrical Engineering Technical College, Baghdad, Iraq

Ahmed Ghanim Wadday
Engineering Technical College/Najaf Al-Furat Al Awsat Technical University, Najaf, Iraq.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V13/article/view/1161

Physical Properties of Dispersed Silica: A Recent Study | Chapter 1 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 13

In this paper physical properties as distribution width (Qx, percent ) and density (qx, percent ) of colloidal dispersed system were defined photon cross correlation spectroscopy (PCCS) at average size as 17.06nm for D50, percent and area of specific surface as 349.96 m2/cm3 depending on molar (Rm2) optimal ratio of silica stone mineral to alkali ash powder. By X-ray diffraction analysis was determined its change of crystal structure to amorphous state. The findings of their kinematic viscosity, liquid density, and UV light adsorption inspections suggest that the wetting and ultrasonic vibration method for that fusible alloy can make colloidal silica.

Author (s) Details

E. Tserenjav
Laboratory for New Materials, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Mongolia. 

V. Jigmeddorj
Department of Physics, School of Art and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Mongolia.

B. D. Lygdenov
Department of Metallurgy, East Siberian University of Technology and Management, Russia.

U. Bayaraa
Laboratory for New Materials, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Mongolia.

U. Magvan
Laboratory for New Materials, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Mongolia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V13/article/view/1160

4-N-(7-Chloroquinolin-4-yl)-1-N,1-N-diethyl petane- 1,4-diamine Ti Complex: Synthesis and Characterization | Chapter 16 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 Aims: Chloroquine is a member of the 4-aminoquinoline medication class that is used to prevent and cure malaria in locations where the disease is known to be susceptible to its effects. Metals can form covalent bonds with carbon in most cases, resulting in metal-organic complexes. Our goal is to synthesize the chloroquine–titanium complex and investigate how it coordinates. Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, 2019. Place and Duration of Study:

Methodology: The chloroquine Ti(II) complex was created by reacting chloroquine phosphate with titanium(IV) oxide. UV, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy were used to characterize the metal complex.
The complex's UV spectra revealed intra ligand charge transfer (ILCT), ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT), and the d-d transition. The complex's IR spectra revealed the involvement of the amine and imine groups in collaboration with Ti. Chloroquine acted as a bidentate ligand as a result of this. The amine group's role in coordination was further demonstrated by 1H NMR of the spectrum.

Conclusion: Chloroquine's ability to sequester the Ti (II) ion has been demonstrated. This medication can remove Ti ions from a solution, the environment, or a biological system.

Author (s) Details

I. E. Otuokere
Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.

K. C. Amadi
Department of Chemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.

C. O. Alisa
Department of Chemistry, Federal University

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V3/article/view/1159

Formulation and in-vitro Evaluation of Theophylline Floating Tablets | Chapter 15 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 The application of technology's principles to overcome medication formulation issues and the presentation of selected potently beneficial medications has been promoted as technology continues to gain traction in the medical sciences. Our team used a synthetic polymer to create a floating drug delivery system for theophylline hydrochloride and then investigated the influence of polymer concentration on tablet buoyancy and drug release parameters in the study provided in this chapter. The polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was employed in three formulation batches of floating tablets at varied concentrations of 15% (F1), 20% (F2), and 30% (F3). The method used was wet granulation, with sodium bicarbonate and citric acid as the gas generators. The granules' and floating tablets' physical qualities were assessed. The tablet's physicomechanical properties, buoyancy, and swelling characteristics were also investigated. The drug release research was carried out according to the USP I (basket technique) for 8 hours at 50 rpm in 900 ml 0.1N HCl. At a set period, samples were taken and analyzed with a UV spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 271 nm. A one-way analysis of variance was used to statistically examine all of the data collected (ANOVA). P0.05 was used to determine whether the differences between means were significant. The results showed that increasing the polymer (HPMC) concentration raised the swelling index and decreased the floating lag time significantly (p0.05), but had no influence on the overall floating time. For formulations F1, F2, and F3, the percentage medication release at the end of 8 hours was 100 percent, 98.2 percent, and 96.13 percent, respectively. The Higuchi kinetics model of drug release was used in all three formulations, and the mechanism of drug release was non Fickian diffusion with exponents of 0.46, 0.51, and 0.56 for each batch. Batch F3 outperformed batches F1 and F2 in terms of drug control and floating properties. The concentration of polymers had an impact. the commencement of floating and theophylline's regulated release

Author (s) Details

E. I. Akpabio
Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Nigeria.

D. E. Effiong
Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Nigeria.

T. O. Uwah
Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Nigeria.

G. Jacob
Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V3/article/view/1158

Investigation on Phytochemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Sonneratia apetala Buch-Ham. Areal Parts | Chapter 14 |Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 The purpose of this work was to investigate the phytochemical contents and antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of Sonneratia apetala arial sections. The phytochemical contents of methanolic extracts of S. apetal included terpenoid, steroid, alkaloid, flavonoid, tannins, saponins, and polysaccharide. The antibacterial properties of plant extracts were evaluated using the well diffusion method. In varied degrees, the extract tested demonstrated antibacterial action against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. These findings suggest that the plant material possesses antibacterial capabilities. The anti-microbial activity of the methanolic extract of S. apetala at 10 mg/ml was shown to be dosage dependent and meaningful when compared to standard anti-microbial agents ciprofloxacin and clotrimazol at 10 g/disc.

Author (s) Details

Prof. (Dr.) Sangram Keshari Panda
University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bbsr-751004, Odisha, India.

Debasis Pati
University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bbsr-751004, Odisha, India and Department of Pharmacognosy, Jeypore College of Pharmacy, Rondapalli, Jeypore – 764002, Koraput, Odisha, India.

S. K. Mishra
University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bbsr-751004, Odisha, India and Department of Pharmacognosy, Jeypore College of Pharmacy, Rondapalli, Jeypore – 764002, Koraput, Odisha, India.

S. Sahu
University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bbsr-751004, Odisha, India and Department of Pharmacognosy, Jeypore College of Pharmacy, Rondapalli, Jeypore – 764002, Koraput, Odisha, India.


Mr. B. Tripathy
University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bbsr-751004, Odisha, India.

L. Nayak
University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bbsr-751004, Odisha, India and Department of Pharmacognosy, Jeypore College of Pharmacy, Rondapalli, Jeypore – 764002, Koraput, Odisha, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V3/article/view/1157

Phytochemical Examination and Hepatoprotective Impact of Stem Bark of Oroxylum indicum (L) Vent. on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rat | Chapter 13 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 Oroxylum indicum bark extracts are being studied to see if they have any hepatoprotective properties (L.) The hepatoprotective effect of petroleum ether, chloroform, methanolic, and aqueous extracts of O. indicum against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice was investigated using silymarin as a control. The extracts' phytochemical content was determined.

SGOT, SGPT, and ALP (Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase, Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase, and Alkaline Phosphatase) enzyme activity were studied. In comparison to carbon tetrachloride therapy, alcoholi bark extracts of O. indicum demonstrated activity. The outcomes of this study back up the plant's traditional use as a hepatoprotective agent. In the statistical analysis, one-way measurement of variance (ANOVA) was utilized, followed by Dunnet's t-test. Significant P-values were defined as those less than 0.05.

Author (s) Details

Mr. Bichitra NandaTripathy
Department of Pharmacognosy, Jeypore College of Pharmacy, Rondapalli, Jeypore – 764002, Koraput, Odisha, India.

Prof.(Dr.) S. K. Panda
Department of Pharmacognosy, Jeypore College of Pharmacy, Rondapalli, Jeypore – 764002, Koraput, Odisha, India.

S. Sahoo
Department of Pharmacognosy, Jeypore College of Pharmacy, Rondapalli, Jeypore – 764002, Koraput, Odisha, India and University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bbsr-751004, Odisha, India.

S. K. Mishra
Department of Pharmacognosy, Jeypore College of Pharmacy, Rondapalli, Jeypore – 764002, Koraput, Odisha, India and University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bbsr-751004, Odisha, India.

L. Nayak
Department of Pharmacognosy, Jeypore College of Pharmacy, Rondapalli, Jeypore – 764002, Koraput, Odisha, India and University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bbsr-751004, Odisha, India.

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An Investigation of Anti-atopic Dermatitis Activity of Oroxylum indicum Extract Incorporated Cream | Chapter 12 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 The hunt for plant-based remedies for atopic dermatitis (AD), a recurrent dermatological disorder with a high prevalence in tropical areas, has always piqued interest. Oroxylum indicum Linn (Bignoniaceae) is a commonly used medicinal plant that has not yet been scientifically proven to be useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The goal of this study was to see if an ethyl acetate extract from the bark of Oroxylum indicum could help with Alzheimer's disease. The plant, sometimes known as midnight terror or Indian trumpet flower plant, is found all over Southeast Asia. The dorsal skin of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-sensitized BALB/C mice was topically administered once a day for 6 weeks with five cream formulations containing Oroxylum indicum ethyl acetate bark extract in varying concentrations (0 percent, 1.25 percent, 2.5 percent, 3.75 percent, and 5 percent). The negative and positive controls were Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) and Protopic (Tacrolimus 0.1 percent). All mice were evaluated for AD-like symptoms, such as the appearance of eczematous skin lesions, the degree of pruritus, and histological changes.

Results: In immunized mice, the plant extract at 5% suppressed dermatitis scores by 23.26 percent (n=6, p0.001) and scratching frequency by 34.86 percent (n=6, p0.001) compared to the negative control, while also significantly reducing signs of parakeratosis, hyperplasia, spongiosis, acanthosis, as well as epidermal and dermal thickness.

Conclusion: These findings validated Oroxylum indicum's 5-percent inhibitory effect on the progression of Alzheimer's disease when added into a cream formulation and highlighted the plant's medicinal potential in disease therapy. However, more research into the immunosuppressive mechanism of the drug is needed. The interplay of key phytocomponents and the extract should ultimately facilitate the use of this excellent medicinal plant.

Author (s) Details

Do Hoang Thu Trang
Department of Biochemistry, School of Biotechnology, International University - Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, HCMC, Vietnam.

Hoang Le Son
Department of Biochemistry, School of Biotechnology, International University - Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, HCMC, Vietnam.

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Development of RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Metformin and Pioglitazone in Pharmaceutical Formulation | Chapter 11 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

A fast, selective, speedy, accurate, and cost-effective reverse phase HPLC technique has been devised for the simultaneous quantification of metformin and pioglitazone from pharmaceutical dosage forms. The experiment was carried out on a phenomenex C18 column (25 cm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 mm i.d., 5 mm i.d., 5 mm i.d., 5 mm i.d., 5 mm i.d., 5 mm i.d., phosphate buffer phase containing acetonitrile (adjusted to pH 5.0 using orthophosphoric acid) at a flow rate of 1. ml/min (50:50 v/v). The wavelength of detection was 258 nm. As a measure of internal control, The drug etoricoxib was utilized. The retention times for paracetamol, aceclofenac, and etoricoxib were 4.75, 6.44, and 6.44, respectively. 8.83 minutes and 8.83 minutes, respectively. In terms of precision, linearity, detection limit, and detection limit, The established method was validated in terms of quantitation and solution stability. These medications' dosage forms in combination dosage forms can be calculated using the provided procedure. Raw materials, formulations, and dissolution tests can all be checked using the current RPHPLC equipment.

Author (s) Details

S. Alexandar
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vinayaka Mission’s College of Pharmacy, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Yercaud Main Road, Salem – 636008, India.

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Development of RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Atrovastatin and Ezetimibe in Pharmaceutical Formulation | Chapter 10 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 A reverse phase HPLC method for simultaneous measurement of Atrovastatin and Ezetimibe from pharmaceutical dosage forms has been developed. It is simple, selective, quick, exact, and cost-effective. At a flow rate of 1 ml/min, the procedure was performed on a Phenomenex C18 (25 cm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 ) column with a mobile phase of Water and 0.4 percent (v/v) TEA: Acetonitrile (adjusted to pH 6.5 using Orthophosphoric acid) (60:40 v/v). At a wavelength of 248 nm, the detection was performed. Pioglitazone was utilized as an internal control. Retention times for atrovastatin, ezetimibe, and pioglitazone were 3.42, 6.90, and 4.28 minutes, respectively. The established method's accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and solution stability have all been validated. The proposed approach can be used to estimate these medications' dose forms in combination dose forms. Raw materials, formulations, and dissolution tests can all be checked using the current RP-HPLC technology.

Author (s) Details

S. Alexandar
Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, Vinayaka Mission’s College of Pharmacy, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (Deemed to be University),Yercaud Main Road, Salem – 636008, India.

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Recent Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Grazoprevir and Elbasvir in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form | Chapter 9 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

Pharmaceutical analysis is a part of practical chemistry that entails a number of procedures for identifying, determining, quantifying, and purifying a substance, as well as the separation of the components of a solution or mixture and the determination of chemical compound structure.

As a result, method validation is an important part of the measures that a laboratory should take to provide reliable analytical data.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Sakinala Padmavathi
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Atmakur, Mangalagiri, Guntur-522503, India.

Dr. Sk. Abdul Rahaman
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Atmakur, Mangalagiri, Guntur-522503, India.

Swapna Gaday
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Atmakur, Mangalagiri, Guntur-522503, India.

Kameswara rao Sankula
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Atmakur, Mangalagiri, Guntur-522503, India

Durga Bhavani Pendeti
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Atmakur, Mangalagiri, Guntur-522503, India.

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Research on Production and Characterization of Alpha Cellulose Derived from Rice Straw (Oryza sativa L.) | Chapter 8 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 Rice straw may be used to produce alpha cellulose, according to research. Alpha cellulose was made by macerating rice straw with ethanol, delignifying with 3.5 percent sodium hydroxide, extracting alpha cellulose with 17.5 percent sodium hydroxide, and bleaching with hydrogen peroxide percent. In this work, the physicochemical properties of alpha cellulose were assessed and compared to earlier research. Cellulose is an organic substance found in plant cells, along with lignin. walls that aid in cementing the plant's structure Some of the physicochemical properties are: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to determine morphology, while X-ray Diffraction was used to determine crystallinity (XRD) analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy of functional groups, loss on drying, pH as well as organoleptic. The SEM image depicts the morphology of cellulose fibres; the sample was semicrystalline, with a crystallinity index of 78 percent, and the functional groups in the sample were the same. Loss on drying was 8% w/w; pH was 7; and the organoleptic properties were the same as those reported in alpha cellulose.

Author (s) Details

Prof. Dr. Harrizul Rivai
Faculty of Pharmacy, Andalas University, Limau Manih Campus, Padang 25163, Indonesia.

Annisa Suri Hamdani
Faculty of Pharmacy, Andalas University, Limau Manih Campus, Padang 25163, Indonesia.

Ramdani Ramdani
School of Pharmacy, Jl. Kurao Pagang Dalam, Nanggalo, Siteba, Padang 25138, Indonesia.

Rika Sari Lalfari
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Andalas University, Limau Manih Campus, Padang 25163, Indonesia.

Regina Andayani
Faculty of Pharmacy, Andalas University, Limau Manih Campus, Padang 25163, Indonesia.

Fithriani Armin
Faculty of Pharmacy, Andalas University, Limau Manih Campus, Padang 25163, Indonesia.

Akmal Djamaan
Faculty of Pharmacy, Andalas University, Limau Manih Campus, Padang 25163, Indonesia.


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Recent Development and Validation of Bisacodyl Analysis Method in Tablet with Absorbance Method and Area under Curves Method in Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry | Chapter 7 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

A precise, reliable, rapid, and inexpensive simple approach for the analysis of bisacodyl tablets has been devised and validated using UV spectrophotometry with absorbance technique and area under the curve. This process is carried out in a 0.1 N hydrochloric acid solvent at a maximal absorption wavelength of 263.60 nm and a region under the curve of 244.40 - 297.60 nm. The analytic procedure is validated using linearity, identification limits, quantification limits, precision, and accuracy. The regression equation y=0.02156x + 0.09258 (r=0.99963) shows the linearity of the absorbance method under the curve, while the regression equation y=0.30618x + 1.17400 (r=0.99787) shows the linearity of the broad area method. The detection and quantification limits for the absorbance method are 1.411099 and 4.276059, respectively, while the detection and quantification limits for the region under the curve method are 1.968774 and 5.9659197, respectively. The absorbance approach's region under the curve and accuracy also meet the validation standards of 80-120 percent. The absorbance method's region under the curve and precision satisfied the established criteria. criteria with an RSD of less than 2%. To conduct statistical analysis, the paired sample t test was utilized, and the findings revealed that the two The approaches were not that dissimilar. Bisacodyl can be measured using both the absorbance method and the small area method. The curves indicate the results of the analysis.

Author (s) Details

Harrizul Rivai
Faculty of Pharmacy, Andalas University, Limau Manih Campus, Padang 25163, Indonesia.

Nia Pratama
College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jl. Tamansiswa No. 9, Padang 25138, Indonesia.

Ridho Asra
College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jl. Tamansiswa No. 9, Padang 25138, Indonesia.

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Recent Study on Development and Validation of Loperamide Hydrochloride Tablet Analysis Method with Absorbance and Area under Curve Methods Spectrophotometrically | Chapter 6 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 The absorbance method and the area under the curve method were used to develop and validate the loperamide hydrochloride tablet method of analysis. The optimum solvent in this study was 0.1 N methanol and hydrochloric acid (9:1), with maximum absorption at wavelength 259.00 nm.

The linearity of loperamide hydrochloride was determined in the concentration range 200-600 ppm using the absorbance method and the areas under the curve method, with correlation coefficient values of 0.9998 and 0.9865, respectively. The findings revealed that loperamide hydrochloride levels in The absorbance method and the area under the curve method yielded 105.71 percent and 96.20 percent generic pills, respectively. The findings of the absorbance method and the area under the curve method for determining loperamide levels in trademark pills were 102.85 percent and 98.57 percent, respectively. Both samples met the requirements of Pharmacopoeia Indonesia edition V, which are 90% to 110 percent. The absorbance method for the analysis of loperamide hydrochloride in tablets is legitimate, however the area under the curve technique is unsuitable for the analysis of loperamide hydrochloride in tablets.

Author (s) Details

Harrizul Rivai
Faculty of Pharmacy, Andalas University, Indonesia.

Renny Puspita
School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kurao, Indonesia.

Sesry Misfadhila
School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kurao, Indonesia.

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Recent Development and Validation of Omeprazole Analysis Methods in Capsules with Absorbance Methods and Areas under Curves Methods with UVVis Spectrophotometry | Chapter 5 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

Two simple spectrophotometric methods have been devised to analyze omeprazole in capsules. Sodium hydroxide 0.1 N is employed as a solvent in this procedure. At 304.80 nm, the absorbance method was utilized, and at wavelengths ranging from 281.60 nm to 333.60 nm, the under-curve area method was utilized. Over a concentration range of 10 g / mL to 18 g / mL, both techniques were determined to be linear. The correlation coefficient for the absorbance method is 0.9998, whereas the area-under-curve approach has a correlation coefficient of 0.997. 105.48 percent of generic was obtained using the absorbance technique. The field under the curve approach yielded 102.87 percent with omeprazole pills. The absorbance method yields a percentage of the trademarked omeprazole capsules of 104.02 percent. The percentage obtained using the field under the curve method was 103.62 percent. The proportion of both The percentage of samples that match the criteria of Pharmacopoeia Indonesia version V, which ranges from 90% to 110%, is 90%. to a maximum of 110 percent The relative standard deviation for both techniques is 2%. According to statistical analysis, the absorbance approach and the region under the curve did not differ significantly (sig. 2-tailed> 0.05). As a result, the absorbance method and the region under the curve of UV-Vis spectrophotometry can be used to determine omeprazole levels in formulation capsules.

Author (s) Details

Harrizul Rivai
Faculty of Pharmacy, Andalas University, Limau Manih Campus, Padang 25163, Indonesia.

Rizqa Hasanah
School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jl. Tamansiswa No. 9, Padang 25138, Indonesia.

Zikra Azizah
School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jl. Tamansiswa No. 9, Padang 25138, Indonesia.

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Preliminary Phytochemical Screening on the Glycosides of Leaf Extracts of Medicinally Important Plant Holoptelea integrifolia (roxb.) Planch Using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatograph | Chapter 4 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 The goal of this work was to employ high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) to detect glycosides from petroleum ether and methanol extracts of medicinally and commercially beneficial leaves of Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) planch.

Materials and Methods: HPTLC investigations were performed after preliminary phytochemical screening. Linomat V applicator is included with the Camag HPTLC system (Switzerland).

With the help of a tungstant lamp, densitometric scanning was done with a Camag TLC scanner IV in the reflectance absorbance mode at 540 nm using Win computer-aided transcribing system software (1.4.6 Camag).

Results: Steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, proteins, tannins, and carbohydrates were found in preliminary phytochemical screening of H. integrifolia petroleum extract, while steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, proteins, and carbohydrates were found in preliminary phytochemical screening of H. integrifolia methanolic extract. HPTLC fingerprinting of glycosides from a leaf extract in petroleum ether revealed four polyvalent phytoconstituents (4 peaks) with escalating retention factor (Rf) values in the range of 0.37-0.82. whereas a methanol extract of the leaves revealed ten Polyvalent phytoconstituents (10 peaks) with Rf values in the range of 0.20-0.83 in ascending order.

Conclusions: Based on the Rf values and preliminary phytochemical investigation, we may deduce that both extracts contain glycosides. The plant H. integrifolia was found to be a good source of phytochemicals in this investigation.

Author (s) Details

Ravindra C. Sutar
Department of Pharmacology, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kopargaon - 423 603, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India.

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Metformin as an Adjuvant Therapy Attenuates Dextran Sulphate Sodium-induced Acute Colitis in Rats: A Recent Study | Chapter 3 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 The goal of this study is to see if patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are resistant to routine treatment. Immunosuppressive medications like sirolimus (SIR) and tacrolimus (TAC) have been proven to work. However, they have adverse effects that limit their use. Metformin (MET) is an anti-diabetic drug. medication, having anti-inflammatory properties that are promising. As a result, the goal of this research was to confirm the effect of the In the treatment of experimentally produced pain, concurrent administration of MET with SIR or TAC colitis is a disease that affects the digestive system. The Dextran sulphate (DSS) induced colitis model was used in this study.

Methodology: For 9 days, colitis was induced by giving 5 percent DSS in water twice a day via oral gavage. MET 200 mg/kg can be used alone or in conjunction with SIR. On day 7, 1 mg/kg or TAC 1 mg/kg was begun and continued for a total of 12 days. After that, histological and immunohistochemical staining of distal colon tissues was performed. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-17A were then evaluated in tissue homogenates. The effects of DSS and the levels of all proinflammatory cytokines were dramatically reduced by MET, SIR, or TAC. Furthermore, MET enhances the effects of SIR and TAC.

Conclusion: When it came to DSS-induced colitis, MET exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory effect. As a result, it could be a viable adjuvant therapy for IBD management. Inhibition of NF-B activation was one of the mechanisms behind the impact. This study can be utilized as a foundation for pilot clinical trials to examine the effect of MET on IBD, given the size of its efficacy and its safety profile. The findings of this study, however, need to be further confirmed and translated into clinical consequences.

Author (s) Details

Rania M. Magadmi
Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Fahad H. Aljahdali
Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Compliance Management at Directorate of Health Affairs in Jeddah City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Mustafa Alsawy
Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.

Ahmed S. Ali
Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Egypt.

Fatemah O. Kamel
Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

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Stimulating Mitochondrial Biogenesis through Exercise - a Viable Way to Prevent Severe Forms of COVID-19? | Chapter 2 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 Exercise, particularly endurance exercise, can help prevent severe COVID-19 infection by stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis and improving their activity, with these organelles playing a critical role in the disease's etiology. Some drugs and supplements that stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis through exercise (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2- carboxylic acid (Trolox), 3 fatty acids, vitamin C, zinc, vitamin B12, folic acid, magnesium, MitoQ) and others that inhibit it (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2- carboxylic acid (Trolox), 3 fatty acids, vitamin C, zinc, vitamin B12 (acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, acetaminophen). The medical theory that moderate-intensity exercise would stimulate muscle biogenesis would be put into practice. Reduce the chance of acquiring a severe form of COVID-19, and the number of deaths could drop by more than a third.

Author (s) Details

Hagiu Bogdan-Alexandru
Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Iasi, Romania.

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 Because of the impermeable structure of human nails, onychomycosis is a common and difficult to cure fungus infection of the nails. Because topically applied antifungals are unable to permeate this structure, treatment regimens frequently turn to systemic antifungals, which come with their own set of side effects. According to a recent clinical trial, mechanical fenestration of the nail with an intelligent nail drill could be a viable solution to this issue. An in vitro model of antifungal drug transungual administration is given in this paper.  Real nail tissue and an inline flow system are used in this system. After 42 days, this technique was used to measure transungual distribution of ciclopirox, and it was discovered that nail fenestration enhanced drug delivery by 3–4 times. This research backs up the idea that nail fenestration should be accepted as a pretreatment for onychomycosis, and it also provides an opportunity to test new medications or formulations to attack the disease. Prior to clinical trials, the in vitro model reported here would be an excellent approach for directly measuring transungual distribution of antifungal drugs.

Author (s) Details

Damian Cordoba Díaz
Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

Marta Elena Losa Iglesias
Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Madrid, Spain.

Ricardo Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo
Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

Manuel Cordoba Diaz
Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.


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Effect of Feeding Practices, Dam Age and Grade on Kenya Alpine Dairy Goat Milk Production in Nyeri Region | Chapter 13 | Current Research in Agricultural and Food Science Vol. 5

 Exotic dairy goats have been popular in Kenyan breeding programmes for smallholder production systems, although data on milk output is lacking. Crossbreeding of indigenous goats with exotic dairy types has primarily been used to improve dairy goats, resulting in crossbred populations with varied proportions of exotic genes. A study was conducted to determine the milk yield of dairy goats reared in Nyeri County's high potential and semi-arid zones. This featured 190 smallholder farmers in Nyeri County who raised Alpine dairy goats and were registered with the Dairy Goat Association of Kenya (DGAK), resulting in a 100% sample of the population under study. The dairy goats' age, grade, and feeding techniques were all assessed. The appendix grade in Kieni East produced the most milk (2.69 litres per day), while the foundation grade in Mukurweini produced the least (0.98 litres per day). Higher milk production was related to effective feeding methods in Kieni East, a semi-arid location, where 43 percent of farmers employed concentrates during milking and 48 percent supplemented the feed with minerals. In Mukurweini's high-potential area, none of the farmers took mineral supplements, and only 13% used concentrates during milking. The dam's age was considered for pedigree grade, and it had a considerable impact on average milk production. The pedigree grade in Kieni East and Mukurweini produced the most at the age of 5.0 to 5.9 years, with 2.84 and 2.96 litres per day, respectively. Poor feeding methods, dam age, and dam grade all had a significant (p0.05) impact on Alpine dairy goat milk output, according to the findings.

Author(s) Details

Mburu Monica
Institute of Food Bioresource Technology, Dedan Kimathi University of Technology, Kenya.

Mugendi Beatrice
Institute of Food Bioresource Technology, Dedan Kimathi University of Technology, Kenya.

Makhoka Anselimo
Department of Food Science and Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya.

Muhoho Simon
Department of Food Science and Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya.

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Comparative Evaluation of Physical and Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Potential of Various Cooking Oils: A Recent Study | Chapter 12 | Current Research in Agricultural and Food Science Vol. 5

 The study was based on a comparison of physical and physicochemical features, as well as antioxidant potential, of various cooking oils in order to raise consumer awareness. The nutritional and edible quality of cooking oil is influenced by its chemical and physicochemical composition. The physical, physicochemical, and antioxidant qualities of cooking oils extracted from sunflower, corn, canola, soybean, and rapeseed available for consumers as different commercial brands were acquired from the local market and analysed. On the basis of physical qualities such as aroma, specific gravity (P=.65), and refractive index (P=0.84), all of the selected oils were found to be statistically similar. Except for one brand of each of the sunflower, corn, and canola oils, all of the chosen oils contained vitamin A. The physicochemical parameters and antioxidant capacity of the selected oils and their blends were significantly different (P=.000). Because of their lower acid, peroxide, and saponification values and stronger antioxidant potential in terms of free radical scavenging capability, corn and rapeseed oils were found to be the top quality oils. The findings of the study would be useful to both consumers and researchers in determining which cooking oils are of the highest quality on the market. Due to satisfactory physical, physicochemical, and antioxidant qualities, rapeseed oil and corn oil B1 were found to be the best among the evaluated oils.

Author(s) Details

Haq Nawaz
Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.

Muhammad Aslam Shad
Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.

Saira Hassan
Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.

Muhibullah Shah
Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.

Haseeba Shahzad
Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.

Raheela Jabeen
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Women University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.

Aqsa Nawaz
Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.

Zakia Riaz
Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.

Sumaira Jamal
Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.

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Effect of β-Cyclodextrin on Cholesterol Reduction in Egg and Duck Liver Pâté | Chapter 11 | Current Research in Agricultural and Food Science Vol. 5

 Because of its affinity for non-polar molecules like cholesterol, the use of -cyclodextrin (-CD) to lower cholesterol is becoming more common in food research. The goal of this study was to see if -CD could remove cholesterol from natural egg, powdered egg, and duck liver pâté, as well as what effect it had on particular fatty acids. A concentration of 5% -CD was shown to be enough for removing 80.04 4.96–82.12 5.36 percent cholesterol from yolks and powdered eggs, as well as 80.21 5.28 percent cholesterol from duck liver pâté. Centrifugation was used to separate the -CD complexed to cholesterol. Individual fatty acid compositions did not differ significantly (p 0.05) between controls and products treated with 5%-CD. This research can be used to design low-cholesterol functional diets for hypercholesterolemia patients.

Author(s) Details

Leocadio Alonso
Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (CSIC), 33300 Asturias, Spain.

María V. Calvo
Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain.

Javier Fontecha
Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain.

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