Hepatoprotective Activity of Pongamia pinnata Leaves on Antitubercular Drugs Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats | Chapter 9 | Pharmaceutical Research - Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 1

 

Aim: The present study highlights the hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of the leaves of the plant Pongamia pinnata on antitubercular drugs (isoniazid and rifampin) induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Introduction: The hepatotoxic character of a drug is only discovered after it has gone on sale. The most common reason for taking drugs off the market is Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI), which calls for labelling changes. Research evidence stated that anti-tubercular medication-induced liver damage is mainly due to oxidative stress which primes to cell injury and apoptosis in humans.

Methods: The experiment used five groups of male Wistar rats, each with six animals. Two control groups were given gum acacia and a mixture of isoniazid and rifampin. The two other groups received 200 and 400 mg/kg body weights of ethanolic extract from the leaves of Pongamia pinnata respectively. The fifth group was given silymarin (50mg/kg, p.o.). The concentrations of serum Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), tissue Malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiols were estimated in the blood of all animals. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis followed by Tukey's test.

Results: When rats were given the mixture of anti-tubercular drugs and high dosage (400 mg/kg) of ethanolic extract of Pongamia pinnata, the blood enzymes showed lower levels than antitubercular treated groups. The co-administration of a high dose of Pongamia pinnata extract with antitubercular drugs reduced MDA levels and elevated thiol levels considerably (p˂ 0.05). These biochemical marker levels however were not adjusted. Conversely, supplementation with Pongamia pinnata attenuated all the changes prompted by the antitubercular drugs and protected the hepatocytes from oxidative destruction revealing the hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antiapoptotic and membrane stabilising action of Pongamia pinnata leaves against drugs-induced toxicity.

Conclusion: In rats, Pongamia pinnata encompasses a partial protective effect against the hepatotoxicity caused by anti-tubercular drugs at high doses.

 

Author(s) Details:

 

Dr. Samba Siva Raju Derangula
Department of Pharmacology, Sri Balaji Medical College, Hospital & Research Institute, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Prof. Dr. N. S. Muthiah
Department of Pharmacology, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital, Chrompet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Prof. Dr. H. S. Somashekar
Department of Pharmacology, St. Peter's Medical College, Hospital & Research Institute, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

 

Dr. E. Sukumar
Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please see the book here:  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v1/61

Hepatoprotective Activity of Whole Plant Extract Fractions of Marsilea minuta Linn | Chapter 5 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

 

The objective of the study is to separate and identify the most effective hepatoprotective fraction of methanolic extract of Marsilea minuta (MMME) by fractionating and evaluating its fractions for hepatoprotective activity in three mechanistically devised models viz., CCl4, paracetamol and ethanol-induced liver damage in rats. Excess consumption of certain drugs like antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, acetaminophen, and exposure to some chemicals such as peroxidised oils, aflatoxin, CCl4, alcohol etc make the liver vulnerable to a variety of disorders viz., jaundice, hepatitis etc which are the two major hepatic disorders that account for the high death rate. An acute toxicity study was carried out on the fractions according to the Organization for Economic Corporation Development (OECD)-420 guidelines. Liver damage was induced in different groups of rats by administering 1:1v/v CCl4 in olive oil 1ml/kg.b.w.p.o, 3g/kg.b.w.p.o paracetamol and 5g/kg.b.w.p.o ethanol and the effect of fractions were tested for hepatoprotective potential by evaluating serum biochemical parameters, histology of liver of rats and the most effective bioactive fraction was screened for its effect on hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes (MDMA) and prothrombin time (PT). It was also tested for its antioxidant properties by DPPH method, lipid peroxidation method and for detection of different classes of chemicals present in it. Pretreatment with fractions (toluene, 1-butanol, aqueous at 50, 100mg/kg.b.w) significantly reversed the changes in serum biochemical parameters and histology of the liver caused by the three hepatotoxins namely CCl4, paracetamol and ethanol indicating their hepatoprotective activity. Research using MMME butanol fraction (BF-MMME) provided strong evidence for its hepatoprotective properties in PT, DPPH, and MDMA. While all of the        MMME fractions showed notable hepatoprotective efficacy, the most potent hepatoprotective fraction was found to be BF-MMME (50 mg/kg). The findings of the study substantiated the ethnomedicinal value of the plant Marsilea minuta used in the treatment of hepatitis. However, a comprehensive investigation of the bioactive fraction BF-MMME is required to identify the active principle(s) to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity in different models with the mechanism of action for developing a safe and effective herbal hepatoprotective drug.

Author(s) Details:

Dr. Praneetha Pallerla,
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Telangana, India.

Divya Balne
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Telangana, India.

Swaroopa Rani Vanapatla
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Telangana, India.

Ravi Kumar Bobbala
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Telangana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V9/article/view/14364

Hepatoprotective Effect of Ethanolic Stems Extract of Anisochilus carnosus against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats” | Chapter 2 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 4

 This stage highlights the Hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic extract from Stems of Anisochilus carnosus against element tetrachloride induced toxicity in informer. An ethanolic extract of stems of Anisochilus carnosus (EEAC) was studied for hepatoprotective endeavor against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) persuaded hepatotoxicity in rats. Fresh stems were composed from Sri Venkateswara University dorm, India. The plant material was dried under shade at range temperature, shortened to moderately rude powder and extracted successively accompanying 95% ethanol utilizing soxhlet apparatus.Hepatotoxicity was inferred in Albino wistar rats of either sexuality by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 [CCl4 in brownish oil 1:1]. Ethanolic extract of Anisochilus carnosus was executed to the experimental rats at two prescription levels 200 and 400mg/kg body burden. The hepatoprotective effect of the extract was evaluated for one assay of liver function biochemical parameters like Antitoxin Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Soluble Phosphatase (ALP), Total Bilirubin and Total Protein. In ethanolic extract considered animals, the poisonous effect of CCl4 was controlled considerably as compared to the sane and the standard drug silymarin treated group. CCl4 is individual of the most usually used hepatotoxin in the exploratory study of liver diseases. The lipid peroxidative deterioration of bio membranes is individual of the major causes of hepatotoxicity of CCl4. The increase in the levels of serum bilirubin mirrored the depth of jaundice and the increase in transaminases and soluble phosphate were the clear indication of the natural leakage and deficit of functional honor of the cell sheet. Finally, it is decided that the ethanolic extract of stems of Anisochilus carnosus possess hepatoprotective projects more or less contingent upon the dose levels.

Author(s) Details:

P. Venkatesh,
Jagan’s College of Pharmacy, Nellore-524 346, Andhra Pradesh, India.

D. Hepcy Kalarani,
Jagan’s College of Pharmacy, Nellore-524 346, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V4/article/view/12923

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Berberis Aristata Root Extract against Chemical-induced Acute Hepatotoxicity in Rats| Chapter 13 | Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 2

 Biotransformation of free radical products, increased lipid peroxidation, and overdone cell end of life are all important determinants causing liver damage persuaded by CCL4. The pharmacological properties of "berberine chloride," a root extract from Berberis aristata, contain antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-instigative, cholesterol-lowering, anticancer, and antioxidant belongings. The present study aimed to explore the deterrent and curative belongings of Berberine on liver tissue harm, liver enzymes, total bilirubin and liver weight. The study was transported at the Department of Pharmacology in collaboration accompanying the Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, MM Institute of Medical Sciences &Research, Mullana, India.  Adult wistar rats aged 7 -9 weeks were introduced with 50% CCl4 intraperitoneally as excellent:1 mixture in liquid paraffin. Berberine was executed intraperitoneally before or after CCl4 situation in various groups. Twenty-four hours subsequently CCl4 injection, levels of liver enzymes (antitoxin alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)), bilirubin and liver pressure were measured. Histological changes in the liver were too examined accompanying microscopy. The serum levels of liver enzymes and bilirubin were significantly raised (p<0.01) in CCl4-treated group 2 rats.In comparison, group 3-5 rats doctored with CCl4 attended by berberine chloride at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, granted a significant decrease (p<0.05) in levels. The belongings of Berberine were dose-helpless in both pre-and post-situation groups. Histological examination too showed curtailed liver damage in berberine-treated groups. The current study explains that Berberine has both deterrent and curative hepatoprotective belongings against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Berberine has the potential to design new situations against drug-induced hepatotoxicity.

Author(s) Details:

Navdeep Dehar,
Queens University, Kingston, Canada.

Rani Walia,
Department of Pharmacology, MM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India.

R. B. Verma,
Department of Pharmacology, MM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India.

Pinky Pandey,
Department of Pathology, MM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COPS-V2/article/view/9175

Phytochemical Examination and Hepatoprotective Impact of Stem Bark of Oroxylum indicum (L) Vent. on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rat | Chapter 13 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 Oroxylum indicum bark extracts are being studied to see if they have any hepatoprotective properties (L.) The hepatoprotective effect of petroleum ether, chloroform, methanolic, and aqueous extracts of O. indicum against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice was investigated using silymarin as a control. The extracts' phytochemical content was determined.

SGOT, SGPT, and ALP (Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase, Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase, and Alkaline Phosphatase) enzyme activity were studied. In comparison to carbon tetrachloride therapy, alcoholi bark extracts of O. indicum demonstrated activity. The outcomes of this study back up the plant's traditional use as a hepatoprotective agent. In the statistical analysis, one-way measurement of variance (ANOVA) was utilized, followed by Dunnet's t-test. Significant P-values were defined as those less than 0.05.

Author (s) Details

Mr. Bichitra NandaTripathy
Department of Pharmacognosy, Jeypore College of Pharmacy, Rondapalli, Jeypore – 764002, Koraput, Odisha, India.

Prof.(Dr.) S. K. Panda
Department of Pharmacognosy, Jeypore College of Pharmacy, Rondapalli, Jeypore – 764002, Koraput, Odisha, India.

S. Sahoo
Department of Pharmacognosy, Jeypore College of Pharmacy, Rondapalli, Jeypore – 764002, Koraput, Odisha, India and University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bbsr-751004, Odisha, India.

S. K. Mishra
Department of Pharmacognosy, Jeypore College of Pharmacy, Rondapalli, Jeypore – 764002, Koraput, Odisha, India and University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bbsr-751004, Odisha, India.

L. Nayak
Department of Pharmacognosy, Jeypore College of Pharmacy, Rondapalli, Jeypore – 764002, Koraput, Odisha, India and University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bbsr-751004, Odisha, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V3/article/view/1156