Performance Evaluation of Drip Irrigation: A Case Study of Agri-parks in Gauteng Province, South Africa | Chapter 5 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

 The objective of the study search out assess the condition and efficiency efficiency of trickle irrigation systems as contained a project that aimed to expand a WUE model for smallholder irrigation methods. This study was performed at four picked Agri-Parks in Gauteng province of South Africa, namely: Rooiwal, Soshanguve, Tarlton, and Westonaria. South African farming accounts for 62% of the public water demand. Almost 45% of the water is wasted through contamination and other misfortunes. Consequently, irrigation systems are under time pressure to improve their water-use effectiveness (WUE). There is a paucity of news on WUE at smallholder irrigation blueprints in the country, including at the Agri-Parks in Gauteng province on account of many reasons that include a lack of natural tools that are intimate to mostly almost-literate irrigators. The Agri-Parks secondhand in the study were irrigated using drip and microjet watering systems but the study directed on portions under drip arrangements. The condition and performance effectiveness of the irrigation infrastructure were examined. Field data accumulation took place from February to March 2021. Each watering system was detached into five components for convenience. Condition estimate was performed utilizing a Condition Assessment Model (CAM) developed by ARC-NRE/AE, place enumerators visually noticed the system component and assigned condition scores as led by a template. The condition scores were uploaded into the CAM to create condition indices (CI). Water transport efficiency (CE) and classification uniformity (DU) were evaluated on delivery and infield systems, individually. CE was computed at the component level based on the flow-outflow approach, while DU was computed established measured emitter discharges. Overall, CI principles ranged from 2.12-6.29, implying important deterioration had happen. The corresponding CE categorized 61-78% indicating water deficits in the range 22-39%. On the other hand, DU was in the range of 60-95%, which was poor depiction relative to beliefs for drip watering systems. Overall, act efficiency shown positive correlations accompanying condition indices, indicate possible event for using condition state to think the performance efficiency of drop irrigation order infrastructure, not completely at the Agri-Parks in Gauteng province, South Africa. Nevertheless, further reviews covering a longer ending, more locations and the duty of maintenance are urged. The role of immaterial parameters, e.g., administration practices and choices, again needs further exploration.

Author(s) Details:

Macdex Mutema,
Agricultural Research Council-Natural Resources and Engineering/Agricultural Engineering, PB X 519, Silverton, Pretoria 0127, South Africa.

Khumbulani Dhavu,
Agricultural Research Council-Natural Resources and Engineering/Agricultural Engineering, PB X 519, Silverton, Pretoria 0127, South Africa.

Manoshi Mothapo,
Agricultural Research Council-Natural Resources and Engineering/Agricultural Engineering, PB X 519, Silverton, Pretoria 0127, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V9/article/view/12321

Enhancing Soil Microbial Communities in Sudan Savanna: Exploring the Impact of Cow Dung and Inorganic Fertilizer on Actinomycetes Population in Alfisol | Chapter 4 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

 The experiment was attended to examine the actenomycetal states under Dung and Inorganic Fertilizers in the Soil. . Cow Dung and Inorganic Fertilizer on Alfisol soil was laid down at Samaru for as well 60 years to decide whether the yield potential of proven crops maybe maintained under unending cultivation and highest in rank combination of basic and inorganic fertilizers wanted to achieve this. Ever growing the demand for food has severed the determination for Cow Dung and Inorganic fertilizers as essential for development. Hence, the impact of these to overwhelming microbial communities in the Sudan Savanna. This study attempts to recognize either the influence of cow excrement and inorganic manure on population of actinomycetes, allure effect and to maintain yield potential of proven crops under continuous education. The experiment consisted of 4 situations (Cow Dung, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium) each at 3 levels (0, 1, and 2) applied occurring in all attainable combination. Each merger had individual replicates only and there were 81 plots organized in 9 blocks. The laboratory experiment includes an analytical study of the number of actinomycates in the soil as influence by basic and inorganic fertilizers. Generally, soil corrections have been erect to affect actinomycates numbers to about 60% raised. Where phosphorus has existed continuously used at 2 and 1 levels, the actinomycetal counts were observed expected above where no corrections were made. The propagation with N.P.K, specifically nitrogen in form of (NH4+)2 SO4 happened in acidification of the soil and strong incident of actinomycates. Actinomycates were found to help in the rot of organic matter knowledgeable humus and release of nitrogen. However, skilled is still much to be exhausted not organic fertilizer on actinomycetal counts.

Author(s) Details:

Hamisu Almu,
Department of Soil Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B. 3244, Kano State, Nigeria.

Abdulkadir Sani,
Department of Soil Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B. 3244, Kano State, Nigeria.

Nasiru Abdulkadir Ahmad,
Department of Soil Science, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B. 3244, Kano State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V9/article/view/12320

Professional Training of New Farmers: The Case of Students of the American Farm School’s Private Vocational Training Institute | Chapter 3 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

 The aim of this study is to gain more about how young producers perceive differing aspects of vocational instruction as they relate to American Farm School students registered in the Vocational Training Institute (VTI). The intent of vocational instruction is to prepare graduates for careers as technologists, craftspeople, or tradesmen. Another habit to think about vocational instruction is as the kind of education that is to say given to a person in consideration of provide them accompanying the required abilities for gainful work or self-employment. Processed dossier arriving from specially planned Likert level questions revealed that young farmer scholars find it absolutely necessary to take part in training programs ruled by experiential learning methods, while recognizing that these processes are linked to their information and skill improvement for cultivating a firm future professional consignment in the agrofood sector. To that longer, experiential education applications would subsequently assist program members to cultivate and grow a better understanding for novelty, which undoubtedly influence the path of agribusiness investment sustainability. Although current social sectorial progress has taken important steps ahead, seems that still not being acceptable in terms of competitiveness. However, there has expected always tension to evenly execute such patterns of professional experiential knowledge from specialized educational arrangements to concretely reach out bigger levels of improvement in rural happening alongside with other main eminent and specific factors.

Author(s) Details:

Anna Papakonstantinou,
School of Professional Education, American Farm School - Perrotis College, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Marios Koutsoukos,
School of Pedagogical and Technological Education, 16 Al. Papanastasiou, 546 39 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Konstantinos Zoukidis,
School of Professional Education, American Farm School - Perrotis College, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Evangelos Vergos,
School of Professional Education, American Farm School - Perrotis College, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V9/article/view/12319

Application of Herbicide to Manage Weed Flora in Blackgram | Chapter 2 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

 Blackgram, accurately known as Vigna mungo, holds a meaningful place in Indian agriculture and cuisine. India is individual of the world's chief producers of blackgram, risking a vital duty in fulfilling both household consumption and ship demands. The yield of blackgram, a significant rhythm crop in India, is influenced by a multitude of pertain factors that together shape its result outcomes. Weed disease poses a significant challenge to the yield of blackgram, an important leguminous crop. Weeds not only preclude the crop's access to lively resources but too create friendly conditions for pests and afflictions, further compromising yield potential. Effective grass management practices are critical to mitigate these negative effects. Present phase describes the administration of weeds using herbicides. The study decided that the Echinochloacolona (29.39%) and Dinebraretroflexa (24.30%) were predominant weeds in blackgram. Further, the post rise application of propaquizafop+imazethapyr mixture from 53+80 was establish the suitable for persuasive control of composite weed vegetation associated with blackgram in central India.

Author(s) Details:

Shreya Malviya,
Department of Agronomy, Dr. C. V. Raman University, Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V9/article/view/12318

The Effectiveness of Thermotherapy against Cassava Mosaic Disease: A Field Evaluation in Central African Republic | Chapter 1 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

 The influence of thermotherapy in treating CMD in the field and under etiological scenes in the Central African Republic is examined in this place paper's findings. Finding low-cost, surely implemented management methods that may should popular in rural domains received distinctive consideration. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of ultimate important root staple crops. An supposed 30% of Zambians, over 4 million folk, consume cassava as part of their routine diet. Cassava is mostly grown by ration farmers on fields of inferior 1 ha. Cultivation of cassava is hampered by several natural constraints, of that cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is now the most important determinant limiting cassava result. The most significant biotic disadvantage, cassava mosaic disease (CMD), considerably lowers production. According to sure research, thermotherapy can be used to manage CMD in Africa. Diseased cassava cutting were treated in a angry water bath at temperatures varying from 43°C to 51°C for 30 min before being grown for 12 months engaged. Temperatures from 43°C to 49°C were found to have no damaging effect on either the survival of cuttings or on plant conversion. One month after setting (MAP), up to 40% of the cutting treated at 47°C to 49°C had regenerated a plant with no CMD manifestations compared to 7% of untreated cutting. Between two and five MAP, cassava cuttings discussed at 49°C produced plants with a considerably lower incidence of CMD than plants presented from untreated cuttings. All plants mature from treated cuttings grown significantly less harsh CMD symptoms than untreated cutting between 8 and 12 months after establishiing. The highest tuberous root yield was got with diseased cutting treated at 49°C (4.7 kg/plant), equivalent to the yield from not cooked symptomless cuttings (4.6 kg/plant). Our data certainly demonstrate the value of thermotherapy to assert a high level of result using local cultivars under severe CMD epidemic environments.

Author(s) Details:

Innocent Zinga,
CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Plant Protection Center, 97410 Saint-Pierre, Reunion Island, France and Laboratory of Biological and Agricultural Sciences for Development (LBSAD), University of Bangui, BP908 Bangui, Central African Republic and University of Reunion, UMR PVBMT, Plant Protection Center, 97410 Saint-Pierre, Reunion Island, France.

Frédéric Chiroleu,
CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Plant Protection Center, 97410 Saint-Pierre, Reunion Island, France.

Emmanuel Kamba,
Laboratory of Biological and Agricultural Sciences for Development (LBSAD), University of Bangui, BP908 Bangui, Central African Republic.

Charlotte Giraud-Carrier,
CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Plant Protection Center, 97410 Saint-Pierre, Reunion Island, France.

Mireille Harimalala,
CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Plant Protection Center, 97410 Saint-Pierre, Reunion Island, France.

Ephrem Kosh Komba,
Laboratory of Biological and Agricultural Sciences for Development (LBSAD), University of Bangui, BP908 Bangui, Central African Republic.

Simplice Yandia,
Laboratory of Biological and Agricultural Sciences for Development (LBSAD), University of Bangui, BP908 Bangui, Central African Republic.

Silla Semballa,
Laboratory of Biological and Agricultural Sciences for Development (LBSAD), University of Bangui, BP908 Bangui, Central African Republic.

Bernard Reynaud,
CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Plant Protection Center, 97410 Saint-Pierre, Reunion Island, France.
 
Jacques Dintinger,
CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Plant Protection Center, 97410 Saint-Pierre, Reunion Island, France.
 
Pierre Lefeuvre,
CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Plant Protection Center, 97410 Saint-Pierre, Reunion Island, France.
 
Jean-Michel Lett,
CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Plant Protection Center, 97410 Saint-Pierre, Reunion Island, France.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V9/article/view/12317

The Gamma and Zeta Functions with Infinite Polynomial Products | Chapter 12 | Research and Applications Towards Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 5

 A numerical hypothesis that was originally put forward in 1859 and is still unsubstantiated as of 2015. The phrase "the Holy Grail of mathematics" has happened used to depict this issue, which is probably the most familiar of all open problems in arithmetic. Although it has connections to different branches of arithmetic, it is often associated with the disposal of prime numbers. The infinite device representation of the gamma function and the zeta function are calm of an exponential and a concerning manipulation of numbers component, and this representation is illustrated by starting with the binomial cooperative and engaging its limitless product form.  It is confirmed, that all these components delineate imaginary ancestries on the critical line, if composed in the form as they are in the functional equating of the zeta function.

Author(s) Details:

Pál Doroszlai,
Fö utca, 8254 Kékkút, Hungary.

Horacio Keller,
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Switzerland.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RATMCS-V5/article/view/12322

Impact of Climate Change Dynamics on Sustainable Horticultural Practice in India | Chapter 12 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 2

 Climate change, compelled by the rise in global hotnesses due to increased hothouse gas emissions, is a important threat to both leading and emerging economies. India, wrestling with a burgeoning people and escalating greenhouse smoke emissions, has experienced notable shifts in critical patterns. In 2018, India emitted 2,299 million tonnes of colorless odorless gas, underlining a pressing concern. Horticulture, including various crops like vegetables, crops, and medicinal plants, plays a vital act in sustainable development by contribution nutritional security, utilization, and economic prosperity. However, changeful climatic conditions pose a danger, leading to diseases and lowered crop yields, disrupting sustainable incident goals. To combat climate change's antagonistic effects and ensure tenable development, climate-bouncy pathways are crucial. These pathways involve adjusting strategies that mitigate temperature change impacts while fostering effective organizations and strategies for risk management. They aim to lower vulnerabilities, enhance managing mechanisms, and continuously accustom to evolving circumstances inside complex socio-ecological systems. The business-related impact of climate change on horticulture is expected to affect productivity, prices, demand, supply, and business. Timely adaptive and mitigative conduct are imperative at both the farm level and with policymakers. Small and marginal farmers bear be empowered to cope with feeling adversities. Ultimately, adaptation and alleviation strategies are paramount in embellishing climate resilience, lowering vulnerability, and promoting tenable development in the face of surroundings change.

Author(s) Details:

Harish Kumar H. R.,
Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru-560065, India.

Pavan, V.,
Institute of Agribusiness Management, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru-560065, India.

Madhu D. M.,
Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru-560065. India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIEGES-V2/article/view/12316

Hydropneumothorax: Evaluation of Advance Clinical Knowledge and Effectiveness of Diagnostic Techniques for Treatment | Chapter 13 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

 The objective search out add to and advance dispassionate knowledge as well as the influence of diagnostic methods for treating hydropneumothorax subjects. Hydropneumothorax is an abnormal ghost of air and fluid in the pleural space. Even though the knowledge of hydro-pneumothorax dates back to the days of old Greece, not many internal or international literatures are recorded. Hydro-pneumothorax became enlightened in old, cave-home Greece. It is a word that depicts the simultaneous attendance of fluid (hydrothorax) and free air (pneumothorax) in the pleural space. Diagnosed cases of hydropneumothorax from casualty and routine OPD are thought-out. Detail of clinical environment entered. Patients were subject for analysis of sputum, ancestry and pleural fluid.  Radiological investigation was accomplished. Patients underwent hose thoracotomy procedure and observed till determination. Total 97 subjects had performed. Among them 76(78.35%) were fathers and 21 (21.64%) women. 91(93.85%) matters had shortness of breath. 34 matters (35.05%) had tuberculosis earlier. Sputum smear AFB was definite in 19 subjects (19.58%). Plural fluid GeneXpert MTB was detected in 11 issues (11.34 %) and MGIT Culture positive in 23(23.71%) issues. Plural fluid gram stain idea was conclusive in 24 (24.74%) matters. Pleural fluid ADA was raised in 74 (76.28%) subjects. Hypoxemia was noticed in 46 (47.42%). In 38 (39.19%) cases chest hose was removed betwixt 31 to 60 days. The most frequent aetiology of hydropneumothorax is found to be infection, and the length momentary needed for determination is unknown. To label the condition's cause, pleural fluid analysis (cytology, microbiological education, biochemical measurement), and computerized axial tomography scanner were crucial.   In order to treat hydropneumothorax, breast tube thoracotomies are still the most average procedure. Advanced processes, however, offer a chance for supplementary research and have promising results.

Author(s) Details:

Mayur Vikram Devraj,
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dr. VPMCH&RC, Nashik, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V2/article/view/12314

Renal Leiomyosarcoma with Mixoid Component: Case Report and Literature Review | Chapter 11 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

 Primary leiomyosarcoma is an intensely rare entity establishing only 0.5–1% of all invasive renal tumors. It is commonly diagnosed after histological test because it does not have any distinguishing diagnostic countenance clinically and radiologically. At times, it is difficult to differentiate leiomyosarcoma from the sarcomatoid renal container carcinoma even all the while histological examination as both tumors have pivot-shaped atypical containers. Moreover, some epithelial tombstones can be present in pure smooth influence sarcomas, while some smooth muscle tombstones are positive in carcinomas. An intensely uncommon condition is leiomyosarcoma that develops in the renal stomach. A patient with an obstructive grain-related abandoned renal colic was admitted to ward with a filling defect in the renal stomach, which was originally misdiagnosed as a blood clot. After visual test of the renal pelvis and a examination of the exophytic lesion, leiomyosarcoma was determined expected the cause. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was performed, histological and immunohistochemical examination rooted the lesion expected a leiomyosarcoma with mixomatoid component. No adjuvant situation was performed, and the patient remains active 6 years later surgery without repetition. Herein we provide literature review, consideration of the diagnosis and situation scenario of the patient with renal stomach leiomyosarcoma with mixomatoid component.

Author(s) Details:

Krivoborodov G. G.,
Department of Urology and Andrology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health, Russia and Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, Russia.

Bolotov A. D.,
State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare of Moscow (City Clinical Hospital no 1 Named after N.I. Pirogov), Russia.

Efremov N. S.,
Department of Urology and Andrology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health, Russia and Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V1/article/view/12315

Study on Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Novel 2-aryl-5-(Arylsulfonyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole Derivatives | Chapter 5 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 8

 Oxadiazoles accompanying plethora of organic applications are identified as main motifs for the advance of creative drug design, thus grabbing the consideration of medicinal chemists about the world. Especially, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and allure derivatives are playing a lively role in curative chemistry with broad range of organic applications. This affiliate summarizes the combination, characterization of ten novel 2-aryl-5-(arylsulfonyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (6a-j) and evaluation of artificial antibacterial and antioxidant ventures. The in vitro antimicrobial screening against bacterial strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli (grandam-positive), and Bacillus cerus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis (grandam-negative) revealed that the planned 2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-tosyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (6j), 2-(3-isopropylphenyl)-5-tosyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (6c), and 2-(2-ethylphenyl)-5-tosyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (6i) are most potent among all the examined compounds. In addition, via the DPPH radical scavenging design some of the prepared compounds show moderate antioxidant action.

Author(s) Details:

S. N. Murthy Boddapati,
Department of Chemistry, Sir C R Reddy College, PG Courses, Eluru, A.P., India.

Subrahmanyam Talari,
Department of Chemistry, Sir C R Reddy College, PG Courses, Eluru, A.P., India.

A. Emmanuel Kola,
Y.V.N.R Government Degree College, Kaikaluru, A.P., India.

Bhuvaneswari Chalapaka,
Department of Chemistry, Sir C R Reddy College, PG Courses, Eluru, A.P., India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V8/article/view/12313

Production of Glucose from Cassava Using Rice | Chapter 4 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 8

 Cassava and edible grain are abundantly readily free for use as appropriate in form(s) that concede possibility be desired; hence it should to provide news on a novel approach that would support and boost the production of glucose maple syrup and other related output through the use of glucose created using cassava starch as substrate and glucoamylase as catalyst sourced from edible grain. The enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out at best conditions of pH 5 and temperature  under sane atmospheric pressure. The use of cassava vigor from TMS 30572 cassava tuber variety in Nigeria disclosed that enzyme (glucoamylase) garnered from rice could be promoted in hydrolysing the cassava starch to produce high yield of organic compound composed of carbon that could likely support the glucose syrup and different related commerces. The production of glucose was establish to be optimal at a particular reaction speed of 0.00205 ± 0.00005 0.00005gDper litre −min per subtrate concentration % w⁄v. This worth was reported expected close with the values acquired using model Equations 1 and 2.

Author(s) Details:

Olosunde William Adebisi,
Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Antia Orua Okon,
Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, P.M.B. 1017, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V8/article/view/12312

Development and Validation of a New RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Cyclosporine A and α-Linolenic Acid in Pharmaceuticals | Chapter 3 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 8

 To test the cooperative therapeutic impact of the artificial combination of cyclosporine A and α-linolenic acid (ALA), an appropriate isocratic reverse-time HPLC technique was created. Cyclosporine A is secondhand as an immunosuppressant drug in post-organ transplantation for fear that rejection. It has existed used widely for the situation of certain autoimmune diseases to a degree severe rheumatoid, arthritis, scratching, and inflammatory skin environments. The reversed stage HPLC chromatographic method was developed to get two separate peaks for both drugs inside a short retention ending (30 min run opportunity), without some interference from excipient peaks. The chromatographic separation was realized on the C18 column (5 µm, 4.6 × 250 mm) at 50 ± 0.3 ºC. The analytes were eluted at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/brief time period using an ultraviolet indicator at 210 nm with a travelling phase of 1% v/v orthophosphoric acid in water: acetonitrile:2-propanol (25:60:25 v/v/v). The method was ratified for specificity, accuracy, linearity, veracity, and system rightness. The average retention time for cyclosporine and ALA was raise to be 16.1 notes and 18.6 minutes individually. The accuracy of the assay was inside ± 2% of the true advantage and the method was found expected linear from 1.5 μg/ml to 4.5 μg/ml for cyclosporine and 5.0 µg/ml to 15 μg/ml for ALA. The order provided discrimination based on determination among peaks and the recovery was 98% to 102%. The new RP-HPLC procedure successfully divided two peaks from the interfering chromatographic peaks of the excipients. The extreme resolution got at a comparatively lower temperature (50°C) create this method more hopeful and useful. All confirmation parameters were inside the acceptable range.

Author(s) Details:

Suvarna P. Phadatare,
Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, Sector 3A, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 400614, India.

Munira Momin,
SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai University, Vile Parle, Mumbai-400056, India.

Pramod Pimplikar,
Shalina Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Pawane, Navi, Mumbai-400705, India.

Rajesh Sirwani,
Shalina Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Pawane, Navi, Mumbai-400705, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V8/article/view/12311

Synthesize and Characterization of Polyvinyl Chloride/Copolyester/Nanoclay Composite Nanofiber | Chapter 2 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 8

 In the current study, poly-vinyl chloride/copolyester/nanoclay composite nanofibers are generated and their shape is examined two together before and after UV irradiation. Nanotechnology is share to considerably increase, even revolutionize, many technology and manufacturing sectors: data processing, energy, any branch of natural science, medicine, homeland safety, food security, and transportation, between many others. Today's nanotechnology harnesses current progress in chemistry, physics, matters science, and biotechnology to constitute novel materials that have unique characteristics because their buildings are determined on the nanometer scale. Four haphazard copolyesters were prepared by the polycondensation response of diols namely 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone, 4,4’-oxybis (benzoic acid) and changeable chalcone diol. Four chalcone diols were produced by acid catalyzed Claisen-Schmidt reaction at range temperature. These haphazard copolyesters were elucidated by solubility tests and viscosity calculations. The FT-IR, 1H & 13C NMR techniques were applied to enact the repeating wholes present in the copolyester backbone. Tetrahydrofuran medium was spun utilizing an electrospinning technique to constitute a composite nanofiber made of polyvinyl chloride, copolyester, and nanoclay. The language rules of the nanofibers was studied with leafing through electron microscopy (SEM). These composite nanofibers are expected to be a more meaningful biomaterial in the future. Thus, we conclude that Nanofibers of the copolyester maybe efficiently invented by electrospinning method and these composite nanofibers are expected expected a potential biomaterial of greater meaning.

Author(s) Details:

S. Jasmine,
Department of Chemistry, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai-602105, India.

D. Reuben Jonathan,
Department of Chemistry, Madras Christian College, Tambaram, Chennai-600059, India.

J. Sidharthan,
Department of Chemistry, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Chennai-628008, India.

D. Roopsingh,
Department of Chemistry, Presidency College, Chennai-600005, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V8/article/view/12310

Glycomimetic Peptides as Modulators of Lectin-Type Receptors | Chapter 1 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 8

 Glycobiology is an unifying science, bridge the fields of chemistry, any branch of natural science, medicine, and materials learning. Defined in the broadest sense, glycobiology is the study of the makeup, biosynthesis and biology of glycans (carbohydrates). A distinguished family of lectin-type receptor modulators has existed created on account of the introduction of peptides to glycobiology. Even though many and well-known peptides are alive as endocrine regulatory determinants that bind to specific receptors, and peptides have happened extensively secondhand as epitopes for vaccine result, the use of peptides that mimic sugars as ligands of lectin-type receptors has opened a novel way to adjust immune container activity. Ground-breaking work that begun the use of peptides as tools for healing has identified carbohydrate mimetics by screening phage display libraries. The peptides that have existed discovered show important potential as high-eagerness drug candidates when combined as multivalent structures. The adaptability of peptides provides significant benefits over sugars as therapeutic forms. To assess a favorite docking program for forming peptide binding to lectin-type receptors, we first examine an interesting naturally occurring peptide that communicates with a carbohydrate-binding site accompanying a high level of eagerness.

Author(s) Details:

J. Kenneth Hoober,
Susavion Biosciences, Inc., 1615 W. University Drive, Suite 132 Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.

Laura L. Eggink,
Susavion Biosciences, Inc., 1615 W. University Drive, Suite 132 Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V8/article/view/12309

Analysis of Morphometric Traits and Ecological Threats: A Study at Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria | Chapter 11 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 2

 The objective search out analyze the morphometric traits of this region utilizing certain suitable topography characteristics (promotion, slope, and aspect) to recognize places at risk for weighty ecological issues like flood, erosion, and so forth. This study was conducted in Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. In order to raise data integration into the GIS interfaces, a mathematical elevation model (DEM) was seized as a raster with longitude and scope; geo-referenced, but re-bulged to WGS, UTM zone 32 N. The differing layers representing promotion, slope, and aspect were gleaned using the surface operation form of the spatial accountant extension of ArcGIS 9.3. To unite the units of measurement for unification into the same study environment, these were submitted to the reclassification function in the unchanging programme. Following categorization, the tiers were used to map the environment utilizing algebra to pretend erosion, flood emergencies, and the potential for siltation of the area's streams, tributaries, and wetlands. Consequently, slope, promotion and aspect were the surface coatings utilized for the single harvest map arithmetic.  The result confirmed the advancement of this area expected low-lying peak above the mean sea level with Open Water, Sea Level Terrain, Beach Ridge Complex, Alluvial Plain accompanying Mangroves and Gently Undulating Coastal Plain Sands as the five significant landscape classes in SCFR. The result further revealed that areas outside vegetation cover written series of environmental hitches than areas with able vegetation cover. Specifically, the labeled problems included water contamination, coastal deterioration, land degradation, soil adulteration, flood, habitat fragmentation, falsification of wetlands and siltation of streams, rills, and tributaries that restriction of anthropogenic activities and enough restoration measures in SCFR are powerfully recommended for its sustainability.

Author(s) Details:

Umana S. Umana,
Department of Geology, University of Calabar, Nigeria.

Uwem J. Ituen,
Department of Geography and Natural Resources Management, University of Uyo, Nigeria.

Imoh E. Ukpong,
Department of Geography and Natural Resources Management, University of Uyo, Nigeria.

Unwana S. Koffi,
Department of Marine Biology, Akwa Ibom State University, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIEGES-V2/article/view/12308

Distribution of Heavy Metals and Herbicides in the Cephalopod, Viscera and Shell of the Snail Achatina achatina | Chapter 6 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 5

 Every day, various contaminants are announced into the environment. The purpose concerning this chapter search out determine the concentrations of heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, Zinc, Copper) and glyphosate in the cephalopod, entrails, and shell of the Achatina achatina invertebrate species so that find the areas place pollutants get the highest. The present study accepted place in the Nawa region of on west side when facing north-western Côte d'Ivoire. Heavy metals and glyphosate levels in Achatina achatina samples were determined utilizing atomic incorporation spectrophotometry and high-depiction liquid chromatography, respectively. The consequences demonstrate that lead (0,64 mg/kg), law enforcement officer (0,45 mg/kg) and zinc (1,165 mg/kg) accrue the most in the shell. On the other hand, glyphosate and cadmium grow most in the cephalopod (1,03 and 0,13 mg/kg respectively) and in the intestines (1,01 and 0,14 mg/kg respectively). Contamination of the invertebrate with weighty metals and glyphosate would certainly cause unfavorable effects on human strength and the environment.

Author(s) Details:

O. N’guessan,
Laboratoire Biodiversité et Ecologie Tropicale (BioEcoTrop), UFR Environnement, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire.

D. Kouassi,
Laboratoire Biodiversité et Ecologie Tropicale (BioEcoTrop), UFR Environnement, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V5/article/view/12301

Morphological Characterization and Chemical Composition of a Variety of Medicago (Triad): A Study in Flowering Stage and In-vivo Digestibility of its Hay | Chapter 5 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 5

 The aim of this study search out precisely forecast biometrical traits at the phenological bud stage of the Medicago introduced (Triad) (deliberate an ideal stage that delivers preeminent supporter nitrogen value), to appreciate its synthetic makeup, and in the end to assess the digestibility of allure hay in nearby someone following orders without question. Biotic and abiotic stresses are severely confining plant production and output. Of notable importance is seasoning stress that not only limits plant growth and survival, but influences the soil fertility and warns agricultural environments sustainability. The problem is infuriate in fragile dry and semi-dry areas place high dissolution, low rainfall and the use of salty water for watering is accelerating soil salinization. Imported tenable Medicago has a high digestive content and is utilized as two together hay and green feed for ruminants. The synthetic makeup of medicago in the developing stage results in a mild ruins content, ranging from 6,547 to 7,011% DM. The range of TNM content at this stage's trio is 15,34% MS to 20,75% DM. As for NDF's fiber content, it is 44%. With the exception of DM and MM, the three divisions' parameter difference analyses tell a difference that is to say very significant (P < 0,0001). The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) shows that width of stems is opposing to planet seen at dawn and lignin quantity. The two last limits have contributed to locate the first division in this cut. Germination density (number of plant /m²), yield in dry and in green and average climax of stems locate the second portion in the same stem. The DWC of OM and of hay medicago TNM at developing stage is relatively feeble for nitrogen, respectively of 69% and 55.5% Different tests on the unchanging fodder in accordance with years and domains of harvest is necessary in consideration of have weaker and more correct averages values.

Author(s) Details:

Alane F.,
National Institute for Agricultural Research of Algeria (INRAA) Bara, Algeria.

Bouzidi A.,
National High School of Agronomy (ENSA), El-Harrach, Animal Productions Division, Algeria.

Chabaca R.,
National High School of Agronomy (ENSA), El-Harrach, Animal Productions Division, Algeria.

Abdelguerfi A.,
National High School of Agronomy (ENSA), El-Harrach, Animal Productions Division, Algeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V5/article/view/12300

Two Intensive Latex Harvesting Technologies on the Moderately Metabolic GT 1 Clone: A Study in Southeastern Region of Côte d'Ivoire | Chapter 4 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 5

 The purpose of the study search out evaluate the exposure to this illness. In the southeast of Côte d'Ivoire, the impact of two passionate latex harvesting processes on the moderately metabolic GT 1 clone was examined. Latex diagnosis is widely selected in natural elastic-producing countries to improve the natural elastic production through a physical-based tinted covering-harvesting order management. Hevea brasiliensis's ability to produce elastic is significantly restricted by dry notch. The rubber timbers were planted in a "individual-tree" exploratory design. one tree plot design, accompanying 31 trees per situation, selected on the support of circumference and energy. The parameters measured were elastic production, circumference increment, corporeal condition and susceptibility to dry rot. The results signify that the control (S d/1 6d/7 unstimulated with 1.43 ± 1.45%) induces considerably more dry notching than the latex harvesting whole (S/2 d/3 6d/7 ET 10% Pa 1 (1) 1/w), (0.18 ± 0.22%). The rubber output of this tinted covering harvesting whole is good (62 ± 16.32 g.a -1 .s -1 ) and, above all, it induces less stress that can bring about physiological fatigue or even dry notching. Furthermore, rubber result, radial herbaceous growth, tinted covering physiological limits of the latex and the dry-notch rate are influenced for one two treatments used to GT 1. In addition, the high and medium sweet substance (16.5 ± 3.01%) and thiol (0.51 ± 0.13 mmol.l -1 ) contents of the tinted covering at treatment level (S/2 d/3 6d/7 ET 10% Pa 1 (1) 1/w), are definite in the response to this stimulation. Sensitivity to dry notching is in a approximately linear friendship with the force of latex reaping to which the GT 1 clone is dominate; LEM (%) = 27.3989 + 0.0527 IRL and Arb S (%) = -.0.4497+ 0.0094 IRL. These results corroborate and confirm the moderate susceptibleness to dry notch of the GT 1 clone.

Author(s) Details:

Obouayeba S.,
Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA), Station de Recherche de Bimbresso, 01 BP 1536 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire.

Koffi A.,
Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA), Station de Recherche de Bimbresso, 01 BP 1536 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire.

Obouayeba A. P.,
Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA), Station de Recherche de Bimbresso, 01 BP 1536 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire.

Ballo E. K.,
Université Jean Lorougnon, UFR Agroforesterie, Laboratoire d’Amélioration de la Production, Daloa, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire.

Lehi M. I.,
Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, UFR Biosciences, Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale, Abidjan, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire.

Adou B. Y. C.,
Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA), Station de Recherche de Bimbresso, 01 BP 1536 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire.

Et Essehi J. L.,
Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA), Station de Recherche de Bimbresso, 01 BP 1536 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V5/article/view/12299

Management of Coconut Eriophyid Mite (Aceria guerreronis K.) to Revive Coconut Cultivation in Bangladesh | Chapter 3 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 5

 Coconut bug injures the tender portion of young crazy and suck sap. Initially the damage appears as a three-cornered yellowish dark patch extending distally on the product surface from beneath the perianth. The injury ultimately leads to warting and long fissures on the nut surface. The development of nut is obviated and ultimately the usual breadth of the nut, covering, and kernel are shortened. The affected nuts create de-husking movement difficult and defeat fiber characteristic of the husks. Continuous devastation by the top part of an animate body mite fashioned the farmers from Bangladesh to oust their coconut cultivation accompanying other recipient crops by cutting unhappy the coconut covering huge areas. Considering the power of the problem, a study was administered in an ecosystem with the approaches for revival of coconut in Bangladesh through bug management. Different educational, chemical, botanical situations and combinations of those were executed on the marked palms as the control measures. The study regions covering around 696 hectares of land containing 551 households of eight (8) villages represented an environment unit. Coconut palms in the analysis area were counted as 4429 for the attack. There were six treatments in the study that were deploying on strategically selected 90 palms. During the whole study period, other palms of the field were treated accompanying 0.2% Propargite 57% EC in an interval of two months. After two age of intervention, each and every seed of fruit, vegetable of the palms of the study area raise without some sign of mite attack.

Author(s) Details:

Md. Nazirul Islam,
Plant Genetic Resource Centre (PGRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Ishaqul Islam,
Regional Agriculture Research Station, Jassore, Bangladesh.

Mst. Shamsunnahar,
Horticulture Research Centre (HRC), BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V5/article/view/12298

Assessing the Diversity of Insect Pests of BT and Non BT Cotton Fields from Nalgonda District, Telangana State, India: A Comparative Overview | Chapter 2 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 5

 The main aim of this phase was to highlight the current position of insect scourge fauna on cotton fields in Telangana's Nalgonda District that were of age with and outside BT. Transgenic Bt cotton that presented one or more insecticidal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was planted on over 15 heap hectares in 11 countries in 2009 and has donated to a reduction of over 140 million kilograms of poison active additive between 1996 and 2008. As a very selective form of host plant resistance, Bt understand effectively controls any of key lepidopteran pests and has enhance a cornerstone in overall integrated plague management (IPM). Understanding by what method pest species impact understand output demands a thorough understanding of the bug biodiversity of the cotton environment. From July 2018 to January 2019, all the while the kharif cropping season, attempts were attended to evaluate the biodiversity of insect plague on Bt and non-Bt cotton environments. The results indicated that bug pests were recorded from three bug orders viz Hemiptera, Lepidoptera and Orthoptera. A total 4768 things insects on Bt cotton, 5232 things insects on Non-Bt understand fields were recorded by way of sweep net and hand picking. Insect pests were responded to the help of Guide on cotton plague, Regional Agricultural Research Station ANGRAU Warangal and literature. Twenty-two variety on Bt cotton, Thirty-one class on non-Bt cotton were recognized. The result indicates that significant distinctnesses found betwixt the Bt and non-Bt cotton fields. We decided that Bt cotton exerts obvious negative negative imapct on the abundance of bug pests. Various diversity indications were measured.

Author(s) Details:

Modala Mallesh,
Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology,Environmental Biology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State, India.

CH. Sammaiah,
Department of Zoology, Emeritus Professor – UGC, Kakatiya University, India.

CH. Sravanthy,
Environmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology,Environmental Biology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V5/article/view/12297

Origin, Adaptations and Evolution of Land Plants | Chapter 1 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 5

 Colonization of plants from sea to land lead to important evolutionary occurrences and a transition from charophytes to ultimate complex angiosperms. It also resulted in various adaptations for duplication, structural support, and stop of water loss. The inception, adaptations, and development of land plants were mainly got from different periods of the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras. The branch focuses on the evolutionary progresses in the tissue system, fundamental support, morphology, and duplication of land plants. New genome sequencing works to tell more evolutionary evidence of land plants.

Author(s) Details:

Florence Treesa Winnie,
Department of Botany, St. Berchmans College, Changanassery, Kottayam, Kerala, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V5/article/view/12296