Morpholine Based Tetrazole Hybrids as Anti-Oxidant Agents and Their Theoretical Studies | Chapter 3 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 7

Using Cu-promoted regioselective N-arylation and C-N bond formation reactions, various tetrazole hybrids, designated 7a–l, were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant efficacy. Spectroscopic methods like 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and LCMS were used for the characterization of the prepared compounds and all the data was in good agreement with the anticipated structures. The prepared compounds 7a-j were screened in vitro for antioxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging method and the screening outcome revealed that the prepared compounds 7d, 7e and 7k are the most potent among all the examined compounds and the remaining compounds were moderately active. Moreover, the theoretically calculated HOMO-LUMO energies and their energy gap, hardness, softness, and chemical potential of the obtained chemical components 7a-j are investigated by using the model of B3lyp/6-31g(d,p) in the Gaussian package. The theoretical investigation reveals that the compounds 7d, 7e and 7k are chemically more reactive than other obtained tetrazole compounds.

 

Author (s) Details

B. S N Murthy
Department of Chemistry, Sir C R Reddy College (Autonomous), Eluru, A.P-534007, India.

 

S. Aravind
Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Saifabad, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

 

T. Kiran Kumar
Department of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka-500007, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

 

T. Somasekhar
Department of Humanities and Sciences, Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology, Himayat Sagar Rd, Aziznagar Gate, Hyderabad, Telangana-500075, India.

 

Surinderpal Singh
Department of Chemistry (H&S), CMR Engneering College, Kandlakoya (V), Hyderabad, Telangana-501401, India.

 

K.A. Emmanuel
Department of Chemistry, Y.V.N.R Government Degree College, Kaikaluru, A.P., India.

Johar K
Department of Chemistry, Sir C R Reddy College (Autonomous), Eluru, A.P-534007, India.

 

Manoj Kumar B.V
Department of Chemistry, Sir C R Reddy College (Autonomous), Eluru, A.P-534007, India.

 

Satish V.A.N
Department of Chemistry, Sir C R Reddy College (Autonomous), Eluru, A.P-534007, India.

 

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v7/2429

Effect of Metformin (MET) in Protection against Oxidative Stress and Pancreatic Damage Using an Animal Model | Chapter 6 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 5

Aim: The present study investigated the effects of metformin (MET) in protection against oxidative stress and pancreatic damage using an animal model, to assess the effect of metformin on oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro.

 

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide health problem that has a deleterious impact on life expectancy and quality. People with diabetes have a higher oxidation state, which is detrimental to homeostasis. Numerous tissues have demonstrated the anti-oxidant qualities of metformin. An oral medication for diabetes called metformin aids in blood sugar regulation.

 

Methods: This study investigated the effect of metformin on total antioxidant markers in the serum and pancreatic tissue of Alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were randomised into five groups for treatment and received metformin (100,200,300 mg/kg) orally once daily for four weeks. The antioxidant potential of evaluated total antioxidant status (TAOS) in vivo and through DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) scavenging assay at 517 nm in vitro.

 

Results: A Considerable drop in elevated blood glucose level was observed in the alloxan-induced diabetic. At a dose of 100,200,300mg/kg demonstrated increase significantly improvement rate percentage in (M100, M200, M300) were (40.701 %),(48.063%) and (48.101%) respectively after end of treatment compared to diabetic group that decrease (-243.340%), TAOS were significantly increased in treated group than diabetic group" p= 0.000* ".The percentage of improvement rate elevation in treatment M100, M200, and M300 was (133.202 %,148.433% and 194.358%) respectively, compared with diabetic, while that percentage was decreased (-65.677%). Also, it improved pancreas histopathology compared to the diabetic control group it improved pancreas histopathology compared to the diabetic control group Antioxidant activity using DPPH was found to increase in a concentration-time-dependent manner IC₅₀ of metformin (498.0 µg/ml), while ascorbic acid IC50 (µg/ml 29.62).

 

Conclusions: In "alloxan-induced diabetic rats", metformin provides "protective actions" against free radicals and oxidative stress, as well as improving pancreas tissue histology and lowering blood glucose levels.

 

Author (s) Details

Abeer Mansour Abdel Rasool
Department of Pharmacology, Collage of Pharmacy, University of Nineveh, Iraq.

 

Isam Hamo Mahmood
Department of Pharmacology, AL Noor University Collage, Bartella, Iraq.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v5/1665

Hepatoprotective Activity of Whole Plant Extract Fractions of Marsilea minuta Linn | Chapter 5 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

 

The objective of the study is to separate and identify the most effective hepatoprotective fraction of methanolic extract of Marsilea minuta (MMME) by fractionating and evaluating its fractions for hepatoprotective activity in three mechanistically devised models viz., CCl4, paracetamol and ethanol-induced liver damage in rats. Excess consumption of certain drugs like antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, acetaminophen, and exposure to some chemicals such as peroxidised oils, aflatoxin, CCl4, alcohol etc make the liver vulnerable to a variety of disorders viz., jaundice, hepatitis etc which are the two major hepatic disorders that account for the high death rate. An acute toxicity study was carried out on the fractions according to the Organization for Economic Corporation Development (OECD)-420 guidelines. Liver damage was induced in different groups of rats by administering 1:1v/v CCl4 in olive oil 1ml/kg.b.w.p.o, 3g/kg.b.w.p.o paracetamol and 5g/kg.b.w.p.o ethanol and the effect of fractions were tested for hepatoprotective potential by evaluating serum biochemical parameters, histology of liver of rats and the most effective bioactive fraction was screened for its effect on hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes (MDMA) and prothrombin time (PT). It was also tested for its antioxidant properties by DPPH method, lipid peroxidation method and for detection of different classes of chemicals present in it. Pretreatment with fractions (toluene, 1-butanol, aqueous at 50, 100mg/kg.b.w) significantly reversed the changes in serum biochemical parameters and histology of the liver caused by the three hepatotoxins namely CCl4, paracetamol and ethanol indicating their hepatoprotective activity. Research using MMME butanol fraction (BF-MMME) provided strong evidence for its hepatoprotective properties in PT, DPPH, and MDMA. While all of the        MMME fractions showed notable hepatoprotective efficacy, the most potent hepatoprotective fraction was found to be BF-MMME (50 mg/kg). The findings of the study substantiated the ethnomedicinal value of the plant Marsilea minuta used in the treatment of hepatitis. However, a comprehensive investigation of the bioactive fraction BF-MMME is required to identify the active principle(s) to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity in different models with the mechanism of action for developing a safe and effective herbal hepatoprotective drug.

Author(s) Details:

Dr. Praneetha Pallerla,
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Telangana, India.

Divya Balne
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Telangana, India.

Swaroopa Rani Vanapatla
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Telangana, India.

Ravi Kumar Bobbala
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Telangana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V9/article/view/14364

Study on Synthesis and Antioxidant Property of 2-arylbenzimidazole Scaffolds | Chapter 12 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 8

 Benzimidazoles accompanying plethora of biological requests are identified as main motifs for the advance of innovative drug design, accordingly grabbing the attention of curative chemists around the planet. Especially, 2-arylbenzimidazoles and its derivatives are acting a vital role in curative chemistry accompanying broad range of biological applications. This phase summarizes the synthesis, description of ten 2-arylbenzimidazoles (3a-j) and evaluation of artificial antioxidant activities using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. All of the chemical compound obtained shown forceful antioxidant activity.

Author(s) Details:

S. N. Murthy Boddapati,
Department of Chemistry, Sir C R Reddy College, Eluru-534007, A.P., India.

Satish V. A. N.,
Department of Chemistry, Sir C R Reddy College, Eluru-534007, A.P., India.

A. Emmanuel Kola,
Y.V.N.R Government Degree College, Kaikaluru, A.P., India.

Manoj Kumar B.,
Department of Chemistry, Sir C R Reddy College, Eluru-534007, A.P., India.

Bhuvaneswari Chalapaka,
Department of Chemistry, Sir C R Reddy College, Eluru-534007, A.P., India.

Kesavan Tadeti,
Department of Chemistry, Sir C R Reddy College, Eluru-534007, A.P., India.

Madhavi Sumala,
Department of Chemistry, Sir C R Reddy College, Eluru-534007, A.P., India.

Upendra Balusu,
Department of Chemistry, Sir C R Reddy College, Eluru-534007, A.P., India.

 
Raju Talluri,
Department of Chemistry, Sir C R Reddy College, Eluru-534007, A.P., India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V8/article/view/12447

Study on Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Novel 2-aryl-5-(Arylsulfonyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole Derivatives | Chapter 5 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 8

 Oxadiazoles accompanying plethora of organic applications are identified as main motifs for the advance of creative drug design, thus grabbing the consideration of medicinal chemists about the world. Especially, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and allure derivatives are playing a lively role in curative chemistry with broad range of organic applications. This affiliate summarizes the combination, characterization of ten novel 2-aryl-5-(arylsulfonyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (6a-j) and evaluation of artificial antibacterial and antioxidant ventures. The in vitro antimicrobial screening against bacterial strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli (grandam-positive), and Bacillus cerus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis (grandam-negative) revealed that the planned 2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-tosyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (6j), 2-(3-isopropylphenyl)-5-tosyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (6c), and 2-(2-ethylphenyl)-5-tosyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (6i) are most potent among all the examined compounds. In addition, via the DPPH radical scavenging design some of the prepared compounds show moderate antioxidant action.

Author(s) Details:

S. N. Murthy Boddapati,
Department of Chemistry, Sir C R Reddy College, PG Courses, Eluru, A.P., India.

Subrahmanyam Talari,
Department of Chemistry, Sir C R Reddy College, PG Courses, Eluru, A.P., India.

A. Emmanuel Kola,
Y.V.N.R Government Degree College, Kaikaluru, A.P., India.

Bhuvaneswari Chalapaka,
Department of Chemistry, Sir C R Reddy College, PG Courses, Eluru, A.P., India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V8/article/view/12313

Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Tunisian Wild Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Essential Oils | Chapter 2 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 6

This study was ventured with the aim to distinguish the phytochemical composition and to evaluate the antioxidant, the uncontaminated and the anti-biofilm ventures of Tunisian wild rosemary essential oils (REOs). The synthetic composition of REOs was resolved by GC-MS and its antioxidant activity was driven using 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging arrangement. The antibacterial project, evaluated by plate diffusion and micro-something for dunking method, and the antagonistic-biofilm activity, evaluated using a crystal lilac test, were tested against two Gram-beneficial bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and two Gram-negative strains (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium). Thirty-individual compounds were identified in REOs that represent 95.64-97.43% of the oil. The main parts of the REOs that define the chemotype were eucalyptol (40.77-55.47%), camphor (5.42-18.65%) and α-pinene (9.88- 13.83%). REOs revealed antiradical activity by restricting DPPH radical with IC50 principles ranging from 397.51 to 792.53μL/mL. The inhibition district diameter principles were determined and the results accompanied that all the tested REOs showed a forceful activity against all bacterial strains. The minimum inhibitory aggregation (MIC) varied 'tween <0.97 and 1.95 except MIC of S. typhimurium that reached 3.9μL/mL and the minimum uncontaminated concentration (MBC) ranged from 0.97 to 15.62 μL/mL. Furthermore, the intentional REOs showed potential antagonistic-biofilm activities. The percentages of restriction varied from >50% to as well 90% except for KS and KMS against Salmonella typhimurium, where the restriction rates did not beat the 37%. Similarly, in the eradication venture, the majority of the tested REOs were capable to eradicate the bacterial preinstalled biofilms accompanying rates attending the 92%. Rosemary EOs shown interesting organic activities that explain the established uses of bioactive molecules concerning this plant that could be further investigated for food and drug industries as a potential source of normal antioxidant and antibacterial bioactive compounds.

Author(s) Details:

Kheiria Hcini,
Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Climate Change Laboratory (LR11ES09), Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunisia and University of Gafsa, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Department of Life Sciences, University Campus, Sidi Ahmed Zarroug, 2112 Gafsa, Tunisia.

Abir Bahi,
Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emarates University, P.O. Box No 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates, and Laboratory of Bioressources: Integrative Biology and Valorization (LR14 ES06), Superior Institute of Biotechnology of Monatsir, Tunisia.

Mounir Abidi,
Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biomonitoring of the Environment and Oasis Ecosystems (LR21ES26), University of Gafsa, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Department of Life Sciences, University Campus, Sidi Ahmed Zarroug, 2112 Gafsa, Tunisia.

Monia Bendhifi Zarroug,
Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Climate Change Laboratory (LR11ES09), Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunisia and University of Gafsa, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Department of Life Sciences, University Campus, Sidi Ahmed Zarroug, 2112 Gafsa, Tunisia.

Samiha Kahlaoui,
Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Climate Change Laboratory (LR11ES09), Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunisia.

Maria Quílez,
Departamento de Desarrollo Rural, Enología y Agricultura Sostenible, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y DesarrolloAgrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), La Alberca (Murcia), 30150, Spain.

Maria José Jordan,
Departamento de Desarrollo Rural, Enología y Agricultura Sostenible, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y DesarrolloAgrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA), La Alberca (Murcia), 30150, Spain.

Sondes Stambouli-Essassi,
Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Climate Change Laboratory (LR11ES09), Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunisia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V6/article/view/11714

Three Varieties Rice from Central Java- Indonesia: Rice Bran Potential as Antioxidant | Chapter 8 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

 This affiliate evaluate antioxidant action from different polarities rice edible grain extract of three varieties of edible grain using two forms of antioxidant testing that were FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and correlation of total phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid content with their EC50 of FRAP and IC50 of DPPH antioxidant exercises. Rice bran is a rich beginning of natural antioxidants that can be used as free radical scavengers. It is widely acknowledged that many of the today’s diseases are on account of the oxidative stress that results from an imbalance middle from two points formation and retaliation of free radicals. Reflux extraction was carried out accompanying various opposition solvents. A turning evaporator was used to evaporate the extracts. By utilising UV-visible spectrophotometry, the total amount of phenolic, flavonoid, and carotenoid content was driven. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using the FRAP and DPPH tests, and their partnership with the EC50 of FRAP capacities and the IC50 of DPPH scavenging projects was examined utilizing Pearson's method.Ethanolic edible grain bran extract of hopeless rice showed rude EC50 of FRAP capacity 64.35 μg/ml and IC50 of DPPH scavenging venture 23.92 μg/ml. Present research exposed that EC50 of FRAP volumes and IC50 of DPPH scavenging activities of various edible grain bran extracts from three types rice in the range of 64.35 - 387.90 μg/ml and 23.92 - 143.59 μg/ml, individually. FRAP and DPPH assays have the same machine reaction which is energized matter transfer. Electron transfer in DPPH assay, including talent to scavenge free radical of DPPH, at the same time in FRAP assay depend on reduction potential of sample The topmost phenolic content, flavonoid content and carotenoid content were also likely by ethanolic rice edible grain extract of black edible grain. There were significantly negative correlations betwixt total phenolic content and carotenoid content in rice edible grain extract of red edible grain and black rice accompanying their IC50 of DPPH.By DPPH assay, all rice edible grain extracts were extremely powerful antioxidants, with the exception of the n-hexane edible grain bran extract of black edible grain and the ethanolic rice edible grain extract of white edible grain. Red and black rice edible grain extracts' phenolic and carotenoid components were the main beginning of the antioxidant activity calculated by the DPPH experiment.  DPPH and FRAP methods displayed linear influence antioxidant activities of edible grain bran extracts of angry rice. Rice bran of glowing and black edible grain had potential to be grown as natural antioxidant sources.

Author(s) Details:

Rika Hartati,
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia.

Slamet Tuty,
Department of Pharmacy, Al-Ghifari University, Bandung, Indonesia.

Hegar Pramastya,
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia.

Sukrasno,
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia.

Irda Fidrianny,
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V6/article/view/11362

Phytochemical Analysis, in vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Different Solvent Fractions of Maytenus heyneana Root | Chapter 1 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 5

 Oxidative stress plays an main role in pathogenesis of incessant disease especially CVS affliction (CVD), diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative ailment hence, the increasing interest in the use of natural antioxidants as healing tools exists. The aim concerning this study was to investigate herbal drug that may enhance useful in the prevention of diabetes and antioxidant potential from intoxicating extracts of Maytenus heyneana (MH) root belonging to the classification Celastraceae and their different parts were studied.Ethanolic extract of Maytenus heyneana root was fractionated into toxin, ethyl acetate, and methanol by liquid-liquid extraction. The preliminary phytochemical reasoning was done by standard designs to identify the ghost of important compounds. In vitro antioxidants exercises were carried by 2,2-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) cation radical scavenging assays. For antidiabetic potential, α-amylase and α-glucosidase catalyst inhibitory studies were carried on various fractions.The concerning qualities not quantities phytochemical study on the different solvent parts of the roots of MH accompanied the presence of few secondary metabolites to a degree cardiac glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids in all the fractions. Alkaloid was discovered only in chloroform and ethyl acetate parts and saponins were present only in methanol part. The presence of tannins was discovered in ethyl acetate and methanol fractions except in poison fraction. However, steroids and proteins were missing in all the parts.From the results of two assays prominent that at extreme concentration, methanolic fraction presented superior activity than the additional two fractions, even though among the various fractions, the methanol part showed important increase in α-amylase activity (3.14 μg/ml) when distinguished to the standard acarbose (4.67 μg/ml) (p<0.05).it can be decided that the methanol fraction of MH root maybe a good candidature for further studies and the seclusion of active phytoconstituents that is responsible in the management of diabetic and as antioxidant.

Author(s) Details:

G. Sumithira,
Department of Pharmacology, The Erode College of Pharmacy, Erode, India.

G. P. Senthil Kumar,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital Campus, Chrompet, Chennai, India.

B. Krishnamoorthy,
Department of Pharmaceutics, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khetri, Rajasthan, India.

R. Suresh,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Panni College of Pharmacy, Dindigul, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V5/article/view/11045

Estimation of Antioxidant Capacity of Some Amidine Derivatives Using DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Assay: An In vitro Study | Chapter 7 | Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 7

 The main aim of this study was to estimate the antioxidant capacity of some amidine derivatives, and to investigate the effect of some kinetic parameters on their antioxidant activity, using DPPH free radical scavenging method. It was investigated the effect of the concentration and the reaction time on the antioxidant activity of two selected amidines; N, N'-diphenyl benzamidine 1 and N, N'-diphenyl dodecamidine 2 a fatty alkylamidine. The study also investigated the effect of the substituents carried by the amidine moiety on their antioxidant activity. From the results obtained, we noted that all amidines tested are active as DPPH scavengers, but compounds’ concentration and reaction time influenced deeply the evaluation. At different concentrations and in all reaction times applied, antioxidant activity was more significant for amidine 1 with phenyl groups, while amidine 2 with fatty chain showed the lowest activity. In comparison with standard antioxidants, this study showed that, depending on the reaction time and concentrations used, different activity is obtained: standard antioxidants react immediately with DPPH; whereas the synthesized amidines, particularly fatty amidine need longer reaction time and higher concentrations.

Author(s) Details:

Fatiha Malki,
Laboratory for Research on Bioactive Products and the Valorization of Biomass, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Kouba- Algiers, Algeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PCSR-V7/article/view/9993

Determination of Antioxidant Property of Brown Alga Colpomenia sinuosa | Chapter 02 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

 In vitro studies are a simple, calorimetric qualitative method that may be used to simulate the in vivo system and assist assess the antioxidant activity of Seaweed methanol extracts. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl), nitric oxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, ABTS radical scavenging, and Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) inhibitory assays were used to assess the antioxidant capabilities of Colpomenia sinuosa, a brown alga. In DPPH (96.56 and 88.57 percent), nitric oxide radical (81.2 4.1 percent and 76.69 3.1 percent), hydrogen peroxide (70.7 3.5 and 56.6 2.0 percent), and ABTS (76.8 3.8 percent and 74.0 2.8 percent), the dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and methanol extracts showed the best antioxidant activity. The test for total antioxidant capacity (60.3 4.3 and 57.0 2.0) demonstrated only moderate activity. At a concentration of 2 mg/ml, the activity was higher and equivalent to that of commercial antioxidants butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) (87.38 1.32 percent) and butylated hydroxy tolune (BHT) (56.05 0.19 percent). Because of its high free radical scavenging action, C. sinuosa could be a viable source of natural antioxidant lead compounds.

Author(S) Details

P. Vijayabaskar
Multi-Disciplinary Research Unit (MDRU), Govt. Theni Medical College & Hospital, Theni – 625512, Tamilnadu, India.

R. Lekameera
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai –608 502, Tamilnadu, India.

S. T. Somasundaram
Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Parangipettai –608 502, Tamilnadu, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V6/article/view/6211

Determination of Antioxidant Activities in Four Dominant Species of Trentepohlia (Trentepohliales, Chlorophyta) from East Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India | Chapter 01 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 8

 In addition to the well-known carotenoids, the current study investigates the antioxidant activity of the four major species and the involvement of other antioxidant chemicals such as phenolics. In vitro antioxidant capabilities of four Trentepohlia species (T. abietina, T. arborum, T. diffracta, and T. umbrina) were assessed, and all four species were found to be high in phenolic compounds, which was a surprise discovery. On the other hand, T. abietina extract had the largest total phenolic component and flavonoid content, as well as the strongest scavenging action and the lowest IC50. In the order T. abietina >T. arborum>T. diffracta>T. umbrina, the scavenging activity of the four Trentepohlia species extracts decreased. Furthermore, the DPPH radical scavenging activity and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity of the four species differed significantly. When it came to reducing power, extracts from all four species were concentration dependent, with high reducing power at higher concentrations and gradually decreasing as the concentration of the extracts fell. When comparing the species, T. abietina once again shown the strongest reducing power at all concentrations. The study revealed a favourable link between increased flavonoids content and increased scavenging activity. The presence of predominantly flavonoids constituents could be linked to the scavenging effect displayed by the extract of four species of Trentepohlia, primarily the DPPH scavenging activity. This clearly suggested that the DPPH scavenging action exhibited by the extract of all four Trentepohlia species may be linked to the presence of primarily flavonoids constituents in this case.

Author(S) Details

Diana Kharkongor
Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, North-Eastern Hill University, India.

Papiya Ramanujam
Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, North-Eastern Hill University, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRD-V8/article/view/5641

Evaluation and Determination of the Antioxidant Capacity of the Crude Extracts of Some Medicinal Plants | Chapter 4 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8

 DPPH, H2O2, and FRAP test methodologies were used to evaluate the antioxidant capabilities of ten (10) plant species from distinct Nigerian states. Piliostigma reticulatum had the best scavenging property at the lowest concentration (6.25 g/ml), while C. accuminata had the best scavenging property at the highest concentration (100 g/ml) in the DPPH assay. P. reticulatum> A. digitata> T. indica> C. accuminata> V. paradoxa> B. diezelli> S. longipediculata> A. squamosa> P. biglobosa> S. singueana is the trend at the lowest concentration. C. accuminata> B. diezelli> T. indica> P. biglobosa> A. digitata> V. paradoxa> A. squamosa> P. reticulatum> S. longipediculata> S. singueana is the trend at the maximum concentration. B diezelli showed the strongest scavenging performance at both the lowest (6.25) and maximum (6.25) concentrations in the H2O2 experiment (100). B. diezelli> A. squamosa> S. longipediculata> S. singueana> V. paradoxa> P. bigloosa> C. accuminata> A. digitata> T. indica> P. reticulatum at the lowest concentration At the top, the trend is B. diezelli>S. longipediculata> S. singueana> V. paradoxa> P. paradoxa. P. reticulatum> C. biglobosa> P. biglobosa> P. reticulatum> C. biglobosa> A. accuminata T. digitata> indica. The FRAP assay indicates that S. At the lowest concentration (6.25), longipediculata showed the highest scavenging action, while C. At the highest concentration, accuminata had the most action. At the lowest concentration, the pattern is as follows: S. C. longipediculata> T. accuminata> A. indica> A. digitata> V. paradoxa> digitata> V. paradoxa> digitata> V. paradoxa Squamosa> P. reticulatum> P. biglobosa> Squamosa> Squamosa> Squamosa> Squamosa> Squamosa> Squamosa> Squamos B. singueana> diezelli. The tendency is C. at the highest concentration. S. accuminata> T. longipediculata> A. indica> A. digitata> Squamosa> V. paradoxa> P. reticulatum> P. biglobosa> Squamosa> Squamosa> Squamosa> Squamosa> Squamosa> Squamosa> Squamosa> Squamos B. singueana> diezelli. Five (5) crude extracts (S. longepedicunlata, T. indica, A. digitata, A. squamosa, C. accuminata) were more active in the FRAP assay at higher doses than the reference drugs (ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxyl anisole). In the DPPH experiment, the methanol crude extract of Piliostigma reticulatum was more active than any other plant materials. The methanol crude extracts of Annona squamosa and Parkia biglobosa were more active in the hydrogen peroxide assay than the other extracts.

Author (s) Details

Hassan B. Yesufu
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria.

Ibrahim Iliya
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria.

Fanna I. Abdulrahman
Department of Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri, Nigeria.

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Antifungal, Antiradical and Insecticidal Activities of Some Grass Species | Chapter 10 | Recent Progress in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

 Poaceae is one of the economically important families of plants and includes grass-designated monocotyledonous flowering plants. Grasses are useful as fruit, fodder, essential oil sources, building materials, and medicine. The antifungal, antiradical and insecticidal activity of grass extracts, namely Paspalum conjugatum P.J.Bergius, Oplismenus compositus (L.) P.Beauv., Capillipedium huegelii (Hack.) A.Camus and Echinochloa colona (L.) Link, were evaluated in the present study. The extraction of shade-dried plant materials by maceration using methanol was carried out. Antifungal activity against two seed-borne fungi viz. was assessed by Poisoned food technique. A. and Aspergillus niger. Oh, Flavus. In addition to mycelial development, the extracts were successful in causing considerable sporulation suppression. The DPPH free radical scavenging assay calculated the anti-radical operation. The extracts were effective in dose-dependently scavenging radicals. Insecticidal activity against II instar larvae of the genus Aedes has been evaluated. The extracts resulted in 100 percent larval mortality at the tested concentration. For the production of formulations that can be used against phytopathogenic fungi, oxidative damage, and vectors that spread dreadful diseases, grasses appear to be promising tools. The purification of the active principles from crude extracts and the assessment of their bioactivity should be carried out.

Author(s) Details

Dr. T. R. Prashith Kekuda
Department of Microbiology, S.R.N.M.N. College of Applied Sciences, N.E.S. Campus, Balraj Urs Road, Shivamogga-577201, Karnataka, India.

Ms. Fathima Mohammadi
Department of Microbiology, S.R.N.M.N. College of Applied Sciences, N.E.S. Campus, Balraj Urs Road, Shivamogga-577201, Karnataka, India.

Ms. V. Nandini
Department of Microbiology, S.R.N.M.N. College of Applied Sciences, N.E.S. Campus, Balraj Urs Road, Shivamogga-577201, Karnataka, India.

Ms. K. S. Shreya
Department of Microbiology, S.R.N.M.N. College of Applied Sciences, N.E.S. Campus, Balraj Urs Road, Shivamogga-577201, Karnataka, India.

Mr. H. U. Abhijith

P.G. Department of Studies and Research in Botany, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577451, Karnataka, India.

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