Enhancement of Bioactive Compound Production through Plant Transcription Factors | Chapter 6 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 9

 

Medicinal plants produce a wide array of bioactive compounds with significant pharmaceutical value. Plant transcription factors (TFs) play a pivotal role in regulating the biosynthesis of these compounds. The chapter provides an overview of the key TF families, molecular mechanisms of TF mediated regulation, TF-DNA interactions, TF-TF interactions, regulatory networks and recent advances in TF based approaches for enhancing the production of valuable bioactive compounds in medicinal plants. The complex regulatory networks controlling active compound biosynthesis were considered while shedding light on novel strategies for improving the yield and quality of plant-derived products. Recent research in the field of molecular engineering using transcription factors in medicinal plants, with the examples included in the chapter, may encourage the budding molecular biologist to adapt new technologies and tools for the enhanced biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The chapter will provide a synopsis of scientific tools and techniques which can be exploited in the field of tissue culture and secondary metabolite production. Optimisation and enhancement of the pharmacologically relevant bioactive compound production can be achieved through the administration of specific transcriptional regulation factors. The knowledge of the biosynthetic pathway of pharmaceutically significant therapeutics can be applied to the invention of novel bioreactors in the biopharma industry.

 

Author(s) Details

Manju Rakesh
Department of Botany, Haribhai V. Desai College, Pune-411 002, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v9/6694

Evaluation of Food Intake Inhibitory Activity of Aqueous Extract of Sida cordifolia (AESC) and Alcoholic Extract of Withania somnifera (AEWS) | Chapter 9 | Pharmaceutical Research - Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 4

 

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the food intake inhibitory activity of aqueous extract of Sida cordifolia (AESC) and alcoholic extract of Withania somnifera (AEWS). Both Sida cordifolia Linn. (Malvaceae) and Withania somnifera Linn. (Solanaceae) are widely growing medicinal plants and have been reported to possess a number of medicinal properties.

 

Background: The food intake inhibition, and in turn the resultant decrease in body weight will effectively decrease the prevalence of metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

 

Materials and Methods: The food intake inhibitory activity of different concentrations of AESC and AEWS (0.5% w/w, 1% w/w and 1.5% w/w) were evaluated by supplementing them with a normal feed of rats for seven days, measuring their body weight and food intake daily and compared with the control.

 

Results: There was a significant decrease in food intake (P<0.001) and body weight (P<0.01) with 1% w/w and 1.5% w/w of AESC while a decrease in food intake and body weight with 0.5% w/w of AESC was not significant. AEWS showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in food intake only, but no significant decrease in body weight was observed with AEWS at any dose level. The present investigation of weight reduction and food intake inhibitory activity of the extracts of medicinal plants may support to formulate the herbal products for obesity. However, the present investigation requires clinical trials to substantiate the report.

 

Conclusion: Both extracts were found to have significant food intake inhibitory activity. However, when compared to AEWS, AESC was found to be more effective in reducing food intake and body weight.

 

Author(s) Details

Purnima Ashok
R&D, East West Group of Institutions, Bharathi Nagar, Off Magadi Road, Bengaluru-560091, India.

Arulmozhi S.
Poona College of Pharmacy, Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune 411038, India.

B. P. Bhaskara
R&D, East West Group of Institutions, Bharathi Nagar, Off Magadi Road, Bengaluru-560091, India.

R. Rajendran
Green Chem Herbal Extracts and Formulations, Domlur, Bangalore - 560 071, India.

B. G. Desai
R&D, East West Group of Institutions, Bharathi Nagar, Off Magadi Road, Bengaluru-560091, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v4/1145

 

Ethnopharmacology of Antimalarial Herbal Agents for Traditional Medicine Practice in Ethiopia: A Review | Chapter 3 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 7

Background: Malaria is one of the parasitic infections that cause enormous public health, economic, and emotional burdens in many tropical and subtropical countries of the world. Controlling and treating malaria has become more challenging due to vector mosquito resistance to existing pesticides and the establishment of multidrug resistance by malaria parasites to commonly used antimalarial medications. New antimalarial alternative medications and mosquito control strategies are immediately needed. Like most African countries, Ethiopia is prosperous in a wide range of tropical habitats, and remarkable biodiversity and relies on traditional medicines to treat various illnesses.

 

Objectives: The present study aimed to discuss ethnopharmacological activities (medicinal properties), phytochemistry, and safety (toxicity) of some of the commonly used antimalarial herbal agents in Ethiopia and around, which could have significant potential for antimalarial drug discovery and development.

 

Insights: In light of the increasing level of multidrug-resistant malaria, traditional medicine could be an essential, affordable and sustainable alternative source of treatment. The traditional uses of most plants for the treatment of malaria in Ethiopia have been supported by In vitro and In vivo studies. There is a vast majority of unexplored flora and folklore, which, if they are systematically explored, will provide additional new leads and drugs for malaria treatment and control. Further studies for antimalarial drug discovery and development should focus on the identification of the active constituents as well as pharmacokinetic profiles of the promising candidates studied so far in the area.

 

Author (s) Details

Asmare Amuamuta
Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klonglung, Pathum Thani, Thailand.

 

Kesara Na-Bangchang
Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Klonglung, Pathum Thani, Thailand.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v7/2409

Characterization of Medicinal Plants Using FTIR and SEM-EDX Techniques | Chapter 3 | Current Research Progress in Physical Science Vol. 5

Medicinal plants are crucial in both traditional and modern healthcare systems. This chapter presents a comprehensive analysis of the medicinal plants: Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum tenuiflorum through Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) techniques. The study identifies key functional groups and elemental compositions, providing insights into the medicinal properties of these plants. The findings are significant for developing medicinal formulations and understanding the biochemical roles of elements like Calcium, Magnesium, and Potassium. This research serves as a foundation for further exploration into the pharmacological uses of these plants.

 

Author (s) Details

 

P. Sakuntala
Department of Physics, Geethanjali College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, TS, India.

 

R. Selva Raju
Physics Section, FEAT, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Kaleem Ahmed Jaleeli
Department of Physics, Nizam College, O.U., Hyderabad, T.S., India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpps/v5/2894

An Overview of Nutritional Composition and Potential Health Benefits of Moringa sp. | Chapter 9 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 9

Moringa, scientifically known as Moringa oleifera, is a multipurpose tree that has gained considerable attention due to its exceptional nutritional and medicinal properties. Native to the Indian subcontinent, Moringa is now cultivated in various tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. This article provides an overview of the nutritional composition and potential health benefits of Moringa, highlighting its role as a valuable resource for combating malnutrition and addressing various health conditions. Moringa leaves offer multiple health advantages, including antioxidant activity, anti-microbial activity, anti-cancerous activity, anti-inflammatory action, and many more.  Hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, and several pathological situations are the cause of this oxidative stress. Natural antioxidants are always the first choice of consumers and are better than synthetic antioxidants resistance strain incidences of pathogens increase, resulting in higher death rates worldwide, and new and improved antimicrobial drugs must be developed. In this regard, medicinal plants are coming into the limelight, having a superior approach to health and being devoid of synthetic pharmaceutical side effects. The anticancer activity of Moringa leaves aqueous extracts was investigated against human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. A significant reduction (44–52%) was seen in HepG2 cell growth when the leaf extracts were orally administered, making them potent anticancer agents. The information presented here is based on a review of relevant research articles available on Google Scholar.

Author(s) Details:

Asma Saghir Khan,
Department of Home Economics, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Pakistan.

Nazish Zulfiqar,
Department of Home Economics, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Pakistan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V9/article/view/13792

Examining Acetone Extracts of Toona cilliata, Seriphium plumosum and Schkuhria pinnata on Hela Cervical Cancer Cells: Anticancer Potential | Chapter 7 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 5

Background: Cervical cancer is common in women in less developed regions of the world. The plant biomolecules can be employed for synergistic activity with chemo- and radiotherapy. This combination might result in reduced toxicity and increased efficacy of the treatment regimen. At present, more than 8 South African women die from cervical cancer every day. The anti-cancer activity of the acetone extracts of S. plumosum, T. cilliata and S. pinnata was assessed using different parameters.

Methods: S. plumosum and S. pinnata were collected from Mankweng and T. cilliata from Tzaneen in Limpopo province, South Africa. An immortalized human cell line (HeLa) was used in this study and the cells were cultured and maintained in RPMI media. Secondary metabolite detection and antioxidant activity quantification were determined using the DPPH and ferric iron reducing assays. HeLa cell growth inhibition and mechanistics were assessed by employing MTT and Annexin-V flous assays.

Results: Observations revealed the presence of phenolic, flavonoids, tannins steroids and coumarins in all the plants extracts. A high amount of total phenolic and flavonoid content was detected in S. plumosum and T. cilliata. S. plumosum extract had the best DPPH scavenging activity and ferric reducing powers. The Antioxidant activity profile show S. plumosum to contain more compounds with antioxidant activity as compared to the other two plant extracts.

Conclusion: Observable concentration dependent cell proliferation inhibition by test materials was exhibited. The leaf extracts from T. cilliata, S. plumosum and S. pinnata contain compounds of various polarities with free-radicals, antioxidant and anti-cancerous activities that may play a beneficial role in treatment.

Author(s) Details:

Mxolisi Justice Ndlovu,
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology Faculty of Sciences and Agriculture, South Africa.

Victor Patrick Bagla,
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology Faculty of Sciences and Agriculture, South Africa.

Matlou Phenius Mokgotho,
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology Faculty of Sciences and Agriculture, South Africa.

Marema Ephraim Makgatho,
Department of Pathology and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, South Africa.

Thabe Moss Matsebatlela,
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology Faculty of Sciences and Agriculture, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V5/article/view/13307

Role of Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus | Chapter 27 | Socio-Scientific Interaction in Diabetes and Cancer and Its Management

 Medicinal plants play a significant role in the treatment of diabetes mellitus which is a serious metabolic disorder. Traditional plants are reported to have significant anti-diabetic properties with no harmful side effects. They are rich sources of anti-diabetic compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, and tannins that improve the efficiency of pancreatic tissues by increasing insulin secretion or decreasing the intestinal absorption of glucose. However, these over-the-counter drugs are expensive and associated with several complications. Herbal medicines are gaining importance as they are cost-effective and also display improved therapeutic effects with lesser side effects. The present analysis includes available medicinal plants used for treating diabetes complications. This study provides useful information about the different medicinal plants for treating diabetes-associated complications. The aim of the study is to categorize and summarize the available information on medicinal plants with anti-diabetic properties and suggest outlooks for future research.

Author(s) Details:

Sanjeev Kumar Vidyarthi,
Department of Botany, Dr. L.K.V.D College, Tajpur, Samastipur- 848130, India.

Kumari Sushma Saroj,
Department of Zoology, Dr. L.K.V.D College, Tajpur, Samastipur- 848130, India.

Hari Mohan Prasad Singh,
Department of Chemistry, Dr. L.K.V.D College, Tajpur, Samastipur- 848130, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/SSIDCIM/article/view/12745

An Intricate Investigation of Ethnobotanical Practices Concerning the Utilization of Medicinal Flora for Addressing Reproductive Health Disorders within the Dubri Wildlife Sanctuary Located in the Sidhi District of Madhya Pradesh, India | Chapter 2 | Recent Trends in the Study of Botanical Research Volume - 1

 The ethnobotanical investigations pertaining to a specific geographical area involve an intricate and laborious process. In this context, a research paper has meticulously documented the indigenous wisdom concerning the utilization of medicinal plants for addressing various reproductive health disorders and ailments. The locale under study is the Dubri Wild Life Sanctuary situated in the Sidhi District of Madhya Pradesh, India. The conducted survey employed a meticulous approach that encompassed direct and probing inquiries directed towards traditional healthcare practitioners, community leaders, and individuals with educational backgrounds. The crux of the study centers around a comprehensive analysis of 22 distinct plant species, each attributed to the management of 11 discrete reproductive disorders. These ailments encompass a range of conditions including leucorrhea, excessive uterine bleeding, infertility in both males and females, nocturnal emissions, involuntary seminal emissions, pregnancy-induced vomiting, gonorrhea, complications during childbirth, augmentation of lactation, irregular menstrual cycles, and female contraception. The identified medicinal plants are expounded upon through their botanical and indigenous nomenclature, affiliated botanical families, specific plant parts that are utilized, the time-honored techniques employed in the preparation of therapeutic remedies, recommended dosages, and the manner in which these formulations are administered to human subjects.

Author(s) Details:

Mohammad Salim,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

Pradeep Kumar Dwivedi,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

Mohammad Shahid Masroor,
People’s College of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, People’s University, Bhopal (M.P.), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTSBR-V1/article/view/12449

The Synergistic Effect of Penicillin G and Sutherlandia frutescens [Syn. Lessertia frutescens] (Fabaceae) against Enterococcus faecalis | Chapter 3 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8

The rise of antibiotic-opposing bacteria is a increasing concern in the field of medicine. This has managed to the need for alternative treatments for bacterial contaminations. Antibiotic resistance happens when bacteria progress and develop methods to survive and grow in the ghost of antibiotics, rendition these drugs ineffective in considering infections. The study proposed to investigate the synergistic effect of a water-located extract of S. frutescens (a plant species) and medicine G (an antibiotic) on the progress of E. faecalis. The objective was to decide if the combination of the plant extract and medicine G could enhance the inhibitory belongings on bacterial growth distinguished to penicillin G unique. The results of the study showed that the merger of the plant extract and penicillin G had a cooperative effect on inhibiting the growth of E. faecalis. This was apparent from the significantly best inhibition district observed when distinguished to the use of penicillin G unique. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal aggregation (MBC) tests also showed that the combination was more active against E. faecalis than penicillin G unique. A dilution of 1 in 4 of the association resulted in 100% inhibition of bacterial development. The study concludes that even though the specific means of action was not conferred, the results indicate that the combination of the plant extract and medicine G may hold promise a suggestion of choice treatment for medicine-resistant contaminations. However, further research is necessary to recognize the active compounds present in the plant extract and to investigate the cooperative effects of the alliance on other strains of microorganisms. Understanding the mechanisms fundamental the observed cooperative effects could help correct and develop more productive treatment alternatives against antibiotic-opposing bacteria.

Author(s) Details:

Nhlanhla Wiseman Nsele,
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mangosuthu University of Technology, South Africa.

Nokukhanya Thembane,
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mangosuthu University of Technology, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V8/article/view/11650

Chemistry of Naturally Occurring Saponins | Chapter 8 | Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Chemical Science Vol. 1

 The current review paper goes intensely into the chemistry of saponin, specifically triterpenoid saponin.  Saponin is a instinctively occurring bioorganic fragment with a high microscopic weight that is to say isolated from medicinal plants. It has an aglycone core with 27 to 30 element atoms and one or two sugar moieties accompanying at least 6 or 12 element atoms each. Saponins were considered as a starting forerunner for the semi-combining of steroidal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. Many physicists and researchers concede possibility regard saponin chemistry's complexities as a break in their understanding of the relationship betwixt the chemical structure and allure medicinal or healing function. The need for saponin applications has lately extended due to a difference of biological, medicinal, and pharmacological benefits. The affairs covered were classifications, synthetic structure, potential classical methods of isolation, subjective and quantitative saponin testing. Examples of hederagenin and oleanolic acid accompanying mono- and bidesmosidic structures are again provided. Triterpenoid, steroid, and alkaloid glycoside structural qualities were established established their atoms, rings, and functional groups.

Author(s) Details:

Maher Mohamed Abed El Aziz,
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTEICS-V1/article/view/11162

Determination of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Association with Some Selected Medicinal Plants | Chapter 5 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a group of fungi in the order Glomales that form cooperative unions accompanying plant ancestries to boost food rude answer and plant development and yield. The purpose concerning this study search out check the appearance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizospheres of few usually developed curative plants in Maiduguri, particularly Aloe vera, Mentha, Cymbopogon citrates, and Ocimum gratissimum. According to the verdicts, all of the plants have mycorrhizal collaboration. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores from five type (Glomus, Acaulospora, Dentiscutata, Scutellispora and Gigaspora were private and recognized. Cymbopogon citrates considerably written the topmost total of AMF beginning counts (90±4.17) while Aloe vera written the slightest (54±2.28). Glomus class was main among the five mycorrhiza type under all plant variety, while, Dentiscutata and Gigaspora had the smallest incident. Highest portion root expansion (72±4.23%) was written under Cymbopogon citrates and Aloe vera written the slightest (55.5 ±2.41%). Although the study rooted mycorrhizal partnership accompanying all plants, AMF copiousness changes by plant class. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi maybe immunized into soils accompanying lacking or useless spores to increase plant food and curative plant tumor.

Author(s) Details:

R. Abdullahi,
Department of Soil Science, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.

J. S. Kwari,
Department of Soil Science, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.

A. M. Zubairu,
Department of Soil Science, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V9/article/view/9468

Antiradical Activity of Five Plants Used for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Benin: A Comparative and Analytical Overview | Chapter 3 | Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 1

 The number of diabetics is growing year by year in the experience and the complications of the ailment are debilitating. Type 2 diabetes is approximately connected to oxidative stress created by waste fat. Oxidative stress has been proved to induce insulin opposition. The objective of this work search out establish the link betwixt the arrangement in phenolic compounds and the antiradical activity of five plants discussing diabetes in the south and in the middle of Benin. Coloration and precipitation processes having to do with each metabolite family were used to recognize secondary metabolites. The Folin Ciocalteu method was used to decide total phenols. Total flavonoids were quantified utilizing the aluminium trichloride technique. The antiradical talent of 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) was determined. Our results presented that the leaves of three plants contained extreme level of phenolic compounds; Mangifera indica (29.409 mgGAE/g); Parkia biglobosa (26.909mgGAE/g) and Bambusa vulgaris (23.298 mgGAE/gEx). It is the hydro-ethanolic extracts of these three plants that have shown taller antagonistic-radical activities than that of source of nourishment C. Bambusa vulgaris (IC50=0.28mg/mL), Parkia biglobosa (IC50=0.3mg/mL), Mangifera indica (IC50=2.5mg/mL), vitamin C (IC50=3.2 mg/mL). The arrangement in polyphenols and the antiradical activity of these three plants keep justify their duty in the prevention and situation of type 2 diabetes and its snags.

Author(s) Details:

Koukoui Semako Omedine,
Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Cellular Signalisation and Pharmacology, University of Sciences Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics, Dassa Zoume, Benin.

Agbangnan Cokou Pascal,
Laboratory of Study and Research in Applied Chemistry, Unity of Research and Molecular Interactions (URIM/LERCA/UAC), Cotonou, Benin.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COPS-V1/article/view/8962

Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infected Wounds| Chapter 6 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

 Wound harm is the disturbance of the physical, cellular and functional purity of the tissue.  Wound happens due to chemical, tangible, microbial, thermal and immunological contaminations to the tissue. Wound healing starts shortly afterwards an injury and resumes depending on the intensity of harm.  Infected wound prolongs wound healing point. Infection with MRSA is one of ultimate common difficulties encountered in wound restorative. Emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a serious challenge met in the area of polluted wound management. This warrants the need for the development of alternative novel designs to be secondhand in this area. Ethnopharmacology offers a wide difference of bioactive agents that have potential MRSA contaminated wound healing exercise. The objective of this review is to recognize plants with potential wound curative and anti- MRSA activity and further to find a solution to the issue of arising antibiotic resistance.

Author(s) Details:

Aparna S. Sivapriya,
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, India.

Bibu John Kariyil,
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V9/article/view/8675

Ethnobotanical Uses of Some Common Plants in Uttarakhand, India: A Review | Chapter 9 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7

 Due to varying climate and topography there s a wide range of vegetation which serve as habitats to diverse species of wild life. Due to the richness in variety of vegetation the forest occupies a place of pride in the environment. The present study focuses on the Ethnobotanical uses of some common plants of Matli village, Uttarkashi district. 15 tree species belonging to 14 families common in the area have been reported. All the plants reported from the area have medicinal importance. The details of the plants such as botanical name, family, parts used, uses, common name, plant parts most harvested and the use of different parts for different medicinal purpose etc are also given in the paper. Future conservation efforts should pay particular attention to the value of medicinal plants and incorporate measures to ensure their preservation and long-term viability. Additional research is needed to fully understand several features of these plants, including their photochemical, biochemical, antibacterial, antifungal, and antihelminthic properties.

Author(s) Details:

Chhaya Singh,
Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Patel Nagar, Dehradun, India.

Priyanka Nautiyal,
Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Patel Nagar, Dehradun, India.

Neha Chauhan,
Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Patel Nagar, Dehradun, India.

Shagun Gupta,
Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Patel Nagar, Dehradun, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V7/article/view/8372

Cardioprotective Mechanism of Chemical Constituents of Medicinal Plant: A Brief Review| Chapter 8 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 2

Plants are a key source of food for humans. Plants have been utilised for therapeutic reasons since the dawn of time. Because of their capacity to preserve injured cells in heart muscle, scientists must explore the processes of chemical compounds in plants, notably saponins and cardiac glycosides. Searching databases including Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, and the Directory of Open Access Journals turned up articles detailing medicinal plants' cardioprotective mechanisms. Chemical compounds in plants such as saponin, flavonoids, glycosides, steroid, alkaloids, tannin, phenol, phlobatanin, terpenoids, and anthraquinone promote cardioprotective function and minimise cardiac abnormalities. The current review article discusses the use of medicinal plants, particularly for the treatment of cardiac disorders, as well as a research of molecules/phytoconstituents as plant secondary metabolites for their cardioprotective potential. Chemical compounds of herbal or traditional plants can be lifesaving in chronic cardiac conditions, according to the major goal of this review.

Author(s) Details:

Sreya Kosanam,
Department of Pharmacology, KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, deemed to be University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Rajeshwari Pasupula,
Department of Pharmacology, KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, deemed to be University, Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V2/article/view/6580

Plants are Renewable Source of Medicine and Nanoparticles: A Review | Chapter 05 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 8

 Plants have been employed as a therapeutic agent since the dawn of time, and their applications have evolved alongside human civilization. Plants' healing potential was discovered by trial and error, and the knowledge was passed down verbally and through practise from generation to generation. Plants or plant parts were used as medicine before the 16th century, and during the 16th and 18th centuries, a mixture of plants or plant parts was employed as medication. Pure chemicals have been extracted from plants and utilised as medicine since the beginning of the 18th century. Today, over 6,00,000 plant-derived chemicals have been isolated from various plants, and 11 percent of the WHO's 252 basic and necessary medications are completely of plant origin, with a considerable proportion of synthetic drugs generated from natural precursors. Because of their unparalleled structural characteristics and functional diversity, plant-derived medications have been proven to be more stable, have fewer adverse effects, and have pleotropic druggability. Furthermore, plant-derived chemicals are generated within the living system and evaluated and adjusted periodically throughout time as part of the evolutionary process. Plants are the finest synthesisers of nanoparticles with a variety of medicinal properties, in addition to phytomolecules. These functional groups may bond with metal ions and produce nanoparticles in herbal medicines or plant extracts, such as C=C – alkenyl, C=N – amide, O=H – phenolic and alcohol, N=H – amine, C-H and COO – carboxylic acid, and so on. Cu, Co, Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, Zn, Mn, Ti, Ni, Fe, and other metal nanoparticles, as well as alloys of Au, Al, and Zn, were effectively biosynthesised. The versatility of plant-derived drugs in various aspects such as historical background, plant-derived drugs in modern medicine, importance of medicinal plants in drug discovery, plant-derived drugs - advantages and disadvantages, characteristic features of plant-derived drugs, major challenges in plant-derived drug discovery, value and market potential, approaches to plant-derived drug discovery, importance of phytochemical and pharmacological screening, drug discovery .

Author(S) Details

S. Sreekumar
Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Division, Saraswathy Thangavelu Centre, KSCSTE-Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Puthenthope, Thiruvananthapuram, Pin 695 586, Kerala, India.

N. C. Nisha
Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Division, Saraswathy Thangavelu Centre, KSCSTE-Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Puthenthope, Thiruvananthapuram, Pin 695 586, Kerala, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRD-V8/article/view/5646

Medicinal Plant-derived Compounds as Potential Phytotherapy for COVID-19 Disease: A Review | Chapter 11 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 7

 Currently, humans are infected with SARS-CoV-2, a highly contagious virus with great transmission ability, infection, and a high fatality rate, particularly among the elderly. Fever, sore throat, pneumonia, cough, headache, diarrhoea, muscle discomfort, shortness of breath, renal failure, and even death are common signs of the condition. All research efforts are focused on developing a medication or vaccine that will save the lives of millions of people; some have been successful and are currently being used in some nations. Medicinal plants are a green treasure trove of abundant primary and secondary metabolites with powerful biological activity. Secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids, have a long history of antiviral activity. Inhibition of viral attachment to/penetration of the host cell; inhibition of virus replication; suppressing RNA replication; down regulation of viral proteins translation; interfering with virus non-structural/structural protein; down regulation of virus-induced pro-inflammatory/inflammatory signalling pathways in the host cell; and antioxidant activity, all of which reduce the virus-induced oxidative stress effect. There are currently attempts to use the power of nature while we are enslaved by a virulent virus. As a result, the primary goal of this review is to discuss various medicinal plants or their derivatives that can reduce the virus's virulence or ameliorate its symptoms.

Author(S) Details

Salama M. El-Darier
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21500, Alexandria, Egypt.

Suzan A. Rashed
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21500, Alexandria, Egypt and Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab city, Alexandria, Egypt.

Ayat Fayez
Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab city, Alexandria, Egypt.

Sarah S. Hassanein
Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab city, Alexandria, Egypt and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt.

Muhammed R. Sharaby
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21500, Alexandria, Egypt and Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab city, Alexandria, Egypt.

Noran M. Tawfik
Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab city, Alexandria, Egypt and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt.

Heba Mansour
Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab city, Alexandria, Egypt and Polymeric Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), 21934, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt.

Mohamed Adel
Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab city, Alexandria, Egypt and Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, 11790, Egypt.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRD-V7/article/view/5420

Recent Advancements on Callus and Cell Suspension Cultures: An Effectual Reserve for the Production of Pharmaceutically Significant Metabolites | Chapter 9 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 6

 Alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, volatile oils, tannins, resins, and other phytopharmaceuticals are examples of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical significance. Because their chemical synthesis is either extremely difficult or economically impractical, the majority of these secondary metabolites are currently isolated from wild or cultivated plants. Although production by callus and cell suspension cultures is a lovely alternative, it has only had limited commercial success because to a lack of understanding of how these metabolites are formed. The current book chapter summarises some of the current progress and investigations carried out by authors for the production of useful bioactive secondary metabolites such as withanolides, bacosides, glychyrhizin, reserpine, ajmalicine, amarogentin, plumbagin, and terpenoids from callus and cell suspension cultures of corresponding plant species. Similarly, a lot of thought has gone into it.

Author(S) Details

Ashok Ahuja
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

Manoj Kumar Tripathi
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

Sushma Tiwari
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

Niraj Tripathi
Directorate of Research Services, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, India.

Gyanendra Tiwari
Department of Plant Physiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, India.

Nishi Mishra
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

Shashank Bhargav
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

Sharad Tiwari
Biotechnology Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, India.

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Plant Tissue Culture Techniques for Conservation of Biodiversity of Some Plants Appropriate for Propgation in Degraded and Temperate Areas | Chapter 4 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4

 Plant biotechnology is being used as a tool for preserving natural habitats and ensuring their long-term use for ecological balance, as well as developing technologies for growing plants in a variety of cropping systems and on difficult soil, improving state-of-the-art technologies for extracting, characterization, and utilising necessary bioactive components, and generating scientific and clinical data to support the health benefits of botanical medicines. By creating micropropagation techniques, plant tissue culture can be used to rapidly reproduce virus-free planting material in plants suitable for degraded lands and temperate locations. Micropropogation is a time and space-saving approach for producing disease-free and elite viral propagules. In vitro gene bank technology allows for the storage and conservation of germplasm, allowing for the preservation of vegetatively propagated plants in cryogene banks and the storage of recalcitrant seeds, embryos, and pollens in liquid nitrogen for lengthy periods of time. This chapter covers micropropagation protocols established in our lab for a variety of plants appropriate for cultivation in undulated areas and temperate climates, as well as the detection and manufacture of natural substances found in plants and ex situ conservation techniques. Biotechnology and high-value plant biodiversity can be combined as a developmental challenge and an economic opportunity in the future.

Author(S) Details

Manoj Kumar Tripathi
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

Sushma Tiwari
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

Niraj Tripathi
Directorate of Research Services, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, India.

Gyanendra Tiwari
Department of Plant Physiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, India.

Deepa Bhatt
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

Megha Vibhute
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Burhanpur, India.

Neha Gupta
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

Nishi Mishra
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

Prerana Parihar
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

Purnima Singh
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

Akash Sharma
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

Ashok Ahuja
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

Sharad Tiwari
Biotechnology Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, India.

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Phytochemical Investigation of Crotalaria Species-Isolation of a New Dihydro Chalcone from Crotalaria ramosissima | Chapter 15 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 2

 Natural items used to be mankind's only source of medication. Plants use a variety of biosynthetic processes to create unexpected new structures that are physiologically active. Phytochemical examination of medicinal plants indicated the existence of a wide spectrum of pharmacologically active chemical elements such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, and triterpenoids. The genus Crotalaria, which belongs to the fabaceae family, contains 500 species that are found in tropical and subtropical locations and can be utilised as medical folklore remedies to treat a variety of ailments. From this genus, several flavones, chalcones, and Chromeno chalcones have been isolated. Crotalaria ramisissima was re-investigated, and a novel dimethyl, dihydro chalcone, Crotaramin, was isolated, and its structure was identified using 2D spectrum techniques.

Author (S) Details

V. Namratha
Department of Chemistry, Aurora Degree and PG College, Hyderabad – 500 029 (A. P.) India.

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