Citric acid possesses many important qualities as a green
solvent, palatable, highly soluble and extremely low toxic to humans and
mammals. Chemical synthesis of citric acid is more costly than fermentation,
the second-largest fermentation product. Citric acid has a predominant position
among the most highly relevant biotechnological products in industrial demand.
Multi-functional citric acid is well known for its applications, mainly in the
food and nanotechnology drug delivery sectors. A. niger is the world’s leading
choice attractive production host that excretes citric acid after growth on
corn substrates because it is a good source of nutrients, sugary substrates for
citric acid. Improper disposal of the agro-waste causes a serious ecological
threat by encouraging the growth of microbial pathogens. The alternatives for
the utilisation of such cellulosic biomass are therefore of great importance
for cleaner production to reduce the cost of bioactive compounds production.
Hence, pulps, seeds and peel wastes were used as feedstocks and carbon sources
for citric acid-production. The high energy cost, complex process, and heavy
use of reagents, hazardous to the environment in conventional industrial
separation, extraction, and production, strongly call for modern technological
innovation. This review provides a summary describing microorganisms,
morphology, self-immobilisation, bioreactors variability, metabolic
engineering, parameter optima and product recovery in order to highlight
microbial citric acid production.
Author(s) Details
Amber S Gad
Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Industries Drug
Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v9/1523
No comments:
Post a Comment