Structural Analysis of a Bending Device Support Plate through Finite Element Analysis | Chapter 5 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 8

This paper is based on an applied study focused on evaluating the mechanical behaviour of a support plate made of aluminium alloy, which is part of a manual clamping device used in the automotive industry for assembling exhaust protectors. The main objective of the study is to determine whether the support plate in the clamping subassembly undergoes elastoplastic deformation under the actual operating forces of the bending device. This deformation occurs both due to the driving forces applied by the device and due to the reaction forces in the supports, being more significant in materials such as aluminium compared to structural steel. If the forces acting on the device deform the bearing plate in the elastic range, there is no danger of permanent deformation. However, if the deformation exceeds the elastic threshold, the material is subjected to plastic stresses and the part deforms plastically, with the risk of permanent deformation. These deformations can primarily cause manufacturing errors or even device failure by changing the tolerances and clearances in the assembly under study. The specific objective of this paper is to demonstrate, based on the results obtained through finite element analysis (FEA), that for a given material and under the same working conditions, the system can operate without errors, ensuring the production of parts that comply with quality requirements. The methodology involved 3D modelling of the plate in Solid Edge ST7 and finite element analysis (FEA) in ANSYS Workbench, applying realistic boundary conditions and loading scenarios. The results show a maximum total deformation of 0.17 mm for aluminium and 0.06 mm for structural steel, with safety factors of 4.5 and 4.6, respectively. These findings confirm that both materials operate in the elastic range, although aluminium is more susceptible to deformation. The study highlights the value of numerical simulations in the optimisation of mechanical components, offering a reliable and cost-effective alternative to physical testing in the early stages of the design process. This manuscript makes a significant contribution to the scientific community by highlighting the mechanical behaviour of industrial components that are essential for ensuring the quality of assembly processes. The study demonstrates the advantages of numerical simulations as efficient and cost-effective methods for design optimisation, reducing the need for costly physical testing in the early stages of product development. The resulting information provides a solid basis for engineers and researchers interested in integrating digital methods into the design and validation of mechanical products, thereby contributing to increased sustainability and performance of assemblies.

 

Author (s) Details

 

D C Negrău
Faculty of Managerial and Technological Engineering, University of Oradea, Universității Street No. 1, Oradea, Romania.

 

N. Salem
Mechanical Engineering Department, Zarqa University, Jordan.

 

C I Indre
Faculty of Managerial and Technological Engineering, University of Oradea, Universității Street No. 1, Oradea, Romania.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v8/5731

Leveraging Computerised Automation for Long-Term Monitoring of Total Hip Replacements | Chapter 4 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 8

 

Total Hip Replacement (THR) has significantly improved patients' mobility and quality of life by alleviating hip pain. However, long-term implant success is influenced by various factors that may lead to joint instability or failure. Early detection of such issues is crucial for effective patient care and intervention.

 

This study explores the application of image recognition algorithms for analysing radiographs to accurately assess joint stability in individuals who have undergone THR. By leveraging advanced image processing techniques, this approach enables continuous monitoring of implant integrity. Despite improvements in healthcare access, patient attrition after two years remains a challenge. The integration of Computerised Automated Machines (CAMs) can enhance patient screening, efficiently identifying those in need of further medical evaluation. By combining automation with precise diagnostic capabilities, CAM technology presents a promising solution for optimising post-THR assessments, streamlining healthcare operations, and improving long-term patient outcomes.

 

Author (s) Details

Sandhya Tatekalva
Department of Computer Science, S.V. University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

J. Rohan Theertha Reddy
SR, MS in Orthopedics, MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India.

 

M. Usha Rani
Department of Computer Science, S.P.M.V.V., Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v8/5677

Precision and Performance: Regression Methods in Data Processing | Chapter 3 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 8

Regression analysis is a fundamental statistical technique used for modelling relationships between multiple variables, playing a significant role in predictive analytics and artificial intelligence. It helps in evaluating dependencies between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables, making it essential for forecasting outcomes. This study focuses on the application of regression models to analyse vehicle dynamics. By utilising data such as traffic velocity, road gradient, and actual speed, we aim to predict a vehicle’s velocity profile. Various regression techniques—including linear regression, multivariate linear regression, and nonlinear regression—are examined to determine their effectiveness in data processing. The core objective of this research is to develop reusable functions for each model, eliminating dependence on predefined programming functions, while enabling effective visualisation of data for optimal model selection. One advantage of a regression model over factor or cluster analysis is that the regression model can be used to obtain an estimate of the actual amount of change in a dependent variable that occurs as a result of a change in an independent variable. This study only focuses on simple linear regression; future work should focus on the use of multiple regression to capture more complex relationships.

 

Author (s) Details

Sandhya Tatekalva
Department of Computer Science, S.V. University, Tirupati, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v8/5675

 

Designing with Smart Materials: Towards Sustainable and Adaptive Built Environments | Chapter 2 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 8

The increasing demand for sustainable interior design solutions due to global urbanisation and environmental challenges is driving the integration of smart and eco-friendly materials into design practices. These materials not only enhance aesthetics and functionality but also contribute to healthier living environments. This research discusses the uses, benefits, and weaknesses of these materials, emphasising their potential to contribute to increased adaptability, sustainability, and the well-being of users. The research was conducted over three months, from January to March 2025, using academic databases and 30 peer-reviewed articles. Smart materials like shape-memory alloys, photochromic coatings, and thermochromic textiles are found to enhance spatial responsiveness and energy efficiency significantly through the ability to make dynamic changes in light, temperature, and shape. Eco-friendly materials like bamboo, cork, clay, and mycelium-based composites fare better in sustainability through low environmental burden, biodegradability, and health advantages. Smart materials perform better in responsiveness and functionality, whereas eco-materials score better in environmental and health aspects. Synergetic applications that bridge both categories exhibit the highest promise, providing performance, durability, and design innovation. However, issues like high prices, limited visibility, and the absence of region-based standards remain impediments to mass uptake. This research concludes that smart and sustainable materials, especially when used synergistically, have paradigmatic potential for designing adaptive and sustainable interior spaces.

 

Author (s) Details

Priya Tyagi
Department of Art and Design, Sharda School of Design, Architecture and Planning, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India.

 

Priyanka Kanyal
AIT- School of Architecture and Planning, Greater Noida, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v8/5630

 

Damping Properties of Selected Tropical Wood Species from Cameroon Forest Assessed Via Free Transverse Vibration Method | Chapter 1 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 8

Despite the diverse use of wood in industrial construction, some technological properties of tropical wood species are still little known. This concerns more particularly the logarithmic decrement, viscous damping ratio, loss factor, quality factor and specific damping ratio, which were little studied and documented in the literature, which hinders the reliable design of structures under dynamic solicitation. This study describes a non-destructive method for determining the damping properties of wood. It was based on the analysis of the attenuation of the free transverse vibrations of a fixed support-free specimen following excitation. Cameroonian forests abound with important species that were much in demand for structural applications and were often subjected to dynamic loads. However, in the literature and in the available databases, very little information was available on the vibration properties of these wood species. To solve this problem, three specimens of twenty-four wood species with a cross-section of 10 mm × 20 mm, with a length of 1600 mm, were prepared and subjected to a free vibration test in the fixed support-free configuration. The accelerations as a function of time were obtained. Displacement data were derived from recorded accelerations, and the logarithmic decrement was calculated using the first twenty-one amplitude peaks. Using known relationships between parameters, the viscous damping ratio, loss factor, quality factor and specific damping ratio were deduced. The results obtained were relatively variable between species. Among the studied wood species, Azobé exhibited the highest damping ratio, while Wengé showed the lowest. Compared with the data available in the literature for the same species, there was a considerable difference.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Nkibeu Jean Bertin
Laboratory Civil Engineering and Mechanics, National Advanced School of Engineering, The University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon.

 

Makomra Valentin
Department of Civil Engineering, National Advanced School of Public Works, Cameroon.

 

Moussa Sali
Laboratory of Materials, Mechanics and Civil Engineering, National Advanced School of Engineering, The University of Maroua, Cameroon and Department of Civil Engineering, Advanced Teachers Training College of the Technical Education, The University of Douala, Cameroon.

 

MadjaDoumbaye Jerémie
Department of Civil Engineering, National Advanced School of Public Works, Cameroon.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v8/5605

Metamorphic Thermodynamic Equation and Its Applications in Fossil Energy Formation | Book Publisher International

 

The two important factors that affect the metamorphic processes of fossil energy (coal or petroleum) are temperature and time. Vitrinite reflectance is used to objectively reflect the maturation of sedimentary organic matter. There are three temperature measurement methods without using vitrinite reflectance and four temperature calculating methods using vitrinite reflectance only. The vitrinite reflectance gradient of coal is generally lower than 0.06%/100m in plutonic metamorphism. The vitrinite reflectance gradient of the regional magmatic thermal metamorphic coal is higher up to 0.27~0.57%/100m in Pingdingshan, China.

 

Wu established A metamorphic thermodynamic equation for coal (MTEC), which contains ternary functions (temperature, time and vitrinite reflectance), so the third quantity can be found on the premise that there are any two known quantities. The results of ternary equations can be expressed in tabular methods, graphing methods, and analytical methods. The MTEC is chosen as the comparison value, and the temperature obtained through other calculating methods as the basic value. The relative error, the average relative error, and the standard deviation are used to verify the applicability of MTEC. A time-to-temperature ratio t/T is designed to evaluate the relative contribution between the metamorphic temperature to the contribution of the extended time. There are three geological periods that can produce from low-rank coal (long-flame coal) to high-rank coal (anthracite) in China. In the three coal-forming periods, the time-to-temperature ratio was t/T>1 under all vitrinite reflectance examined, and the effect of increasing the temperature by 1°C was greater than that of extending the time by 1 million years, that is, the contribution of temperature was much greater than the contribution of extending time. During the same coal-forming period, with the increase of vitrinite reflectivity, the effect of temperature decreased significantly. At the same vitrinite reflectance, the significant effect of temperature decreases with the youth of coal-forming stage.

 

The MTEC is more convenient and accurate than diagrams and is more in line with the scientific principles of coal metamorphism. Because it is very difficult to directly solve the paleo geological time using MTEC, an iterative algorithm is used to solve this problem. Control the iteration process with the difference between the new and previous values so that the iteration process does not run endlessly. The golden ratio value of 0.618 is used to optimize the relationship between the value of the new iteration and the value of the previous iteration.

 

MTEC uses the calculated table to confirm that Xiao Xianming's simulation of vitrinite reflectance gradient and paleo geothermal temperature gradient shows that (1) vitrinite reflectance gradient is positively correlated with temperature gradient under fixed time and reflectance conditions. (2) In the case of fixed time and vitrinite reflectance gradient. The temperature gradient is negatively correlated with vitrinite reflectance. At the same time, it is also concluded that (3) in the case of fixed temperature gradient and vitrinite reflectance gradient. Vitrinite reflectance gradient is negatively correlated with time.

 

According to the measured static vitrinite reflectance and the corresponding burial depth of 26 coal samples in 4 groups of boreholes in the Huaibei coalfield, the temperature of 26 samples was calculated by MTEC at a time of 137 million years. Vitrinite reflectance gradient from measured vitrinite reflectance and burial depth. The results showed that Taoyuan and Xuton both have vitrinite reflectance of 0.057%/100m. They belong to plutonic metamorphism. But Qidong and Linhuan have a vitrinite reflectance of 0.105%/100m and 0.100%/100m, respectively. They belong to regional magmatic metamorphism. But plotting all 22 T/R0 ratios as vitrinite reflectance gradient vs temperature gradient can create a straight line with a slop of 56.3 °C/%, which means that the temperature-reflectance gradient ratio T/R0>50, and the metamorphism of Huaibei coalfield is the plutonic metamorphism.

 

The metamorphic thermodynamic equation for petroleum (MTEP) has the same functional form as the metamorphic thermodynamic equation for coal (MTEC) due to the similarity of both metamorphisms. Therefore, MTEP and MTEC have three variables, temperature, time and vitrinite reflectance, and have the exact same mathematic formation with different parameters. According to the dissimilarity of coal and petroleum, four parameters are determined to be completely different or partially different in the MTEP and MTEC two equations. The measurement data from an exploratory well in Indonesia provide sufficient data to validate the MTEP. Judging by the error of the measured reflectance of the stationary body, it is more reasonable to use the temperature judgment in this book. For the 15 measurement points of the Tertiary Period, the average relative error of temperature is <8.1% and the standard deviation of the relative error is <5.4%. For the 14 measurement points of the Mesozoic Era, the average relative error of temperature is <3.1% and the standard deviation of the relative error is <2.2%. This book translates a well-known hypothesis “either an increase in temperature of 10℃ or a doubling of the exposure time will double the rate of reaction” into a series of mathematical equations. And with the example of actual calculations, it is fully and beautifully demonstrated. For the 10-verification calculations of the Tertiary Period, the average relative error of temperature is <5.7% and the standard deviation of the relative error is <0.87%. For the 9-verification calculations of the Mesozoic Era, the average relative error of temperature is <8.3% and the standard deviation of the relative error is <0.13%. EXCEL and METLAB are used for simple calculations and drawing figures.

 

Author (s) Details

Li Dong
Xi'an Siyuan University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China.

 

ZHANG Xuemei
Xi'an Siyuan University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49970-74-8

Microbial Immunology | Book Publisher International

The book “Microbial Immunology” is organised to fulfil an area of immunology that attracts many scholars whome have an interest in immunology of human microbial infectious diseases. Many books tackle the science of basic and medical immunology in comparison few were having this topic in a separate book title or separate monograph title. This book tried to stand as a textbook in this attractive field of immunology. The layout of the text was organised in two parts, six sections and 40 chapters. The first part was with three sections: the basic immunology in 13 chapters, basic infect-ology in five chapters and basic microbial immunology in five chapters. The second part covered applied immunology with three sections the first, the immunology of common infections in five chapters, the immunology of emerging and re-emerging infections in nine chapters and the themes in three chapters that covered the immunology of polymicrobial infections, infectious granuloma and infectious secondary cryoglobulinemia. The book was intended to be of use for undergraduate students, post-graduate students and researchers of basic and microbial immunology. As well as laboratory medicine professionals.

 

Author (s) Details

IBRAHIM M.S. SHNAWA
Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, AL-Qasim Green University, Qasim, Babylon, Iraq and College of Nursing, University of Hilla Hilla, Babylon, Iraq.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49970-50-2

 

Fish Nutrigenomics and Molecular Strategies for Sustainable Aquaculture | Book Publisher International

 The emerging field of fish nutrigenomics bridges nutritional science and molecular biology to explore how dietary inputs influence gene expression, metabolic regulation, and phenotypic outcomes in aquaculture species. This book highlights the molecular underpinnings of fish nutrition, highlighting the application of omics technologies—such as transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics—for evaluating feed efficiency, growth performance, immune response, and environmental resilience in aquatic organisms.

 

It also examines how environmental stressors interact with feed composition to modulate gene expression, with particular attention to tissue-specific responses in organs like the liver, intestine, gill, and muscle. The book further discusses epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs, which mediate long-term and potentially transgenerational effects of nutritional programming.

 

Additionally, it addresses the complexities and opportunities of integrating multi-omics data through systems biology approaches to enable feed optimisation and biomarker discovery.

 

Special emphasis is placed on the relevance of these insights to tropical aquaculture systems, involving species such as Nile tilapia, African catfish, and Pacific white shrimp. By aligning molecular discoveries with practical feed formulation and selective breeding, this book addresses key knowledge gaps and supports the transition to sustainable, precision-based aquaculture.

 

It serves not only as an academic reference and technical resource for researchers, educators, and industry stakeholders aiming to apply nutrigenomic approaches to enhance aquaculture productivity, environmental stewardship, and global food security.

 

Author (s) Details

Muhamad Firdaus
Department of Fishery Product Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia.

 

Muhammad Dailami
Department of Fishery Product Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia.

 

Desy Setyoningrum

Department of Fishery Product Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia.

 

Muhammad Arif Rahman
Department of Fishery Product Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49970-87-8

Assessing the Impact of Delegation of Authority on Organizational Performance: Evidence from Twiga Chemical Industries Ltd | Book Publisher International

The study aimed at determining the effects of delegation of authority on organisational performance at Twiga Chemical Industries Ltd. The study was guided by four specific objectives, which include: determining the effects of legislative delegation, adjudicative delegation, monitoring and enforcement delegation and agenda setting delegation on performance at Twiga Chemical Industries Ltd. The study adopted a descriptive research design and a correlational research design. The target population in this study was 200 permanent employees of Twiga Chemical Industries Ltd in Nairobi. A stratified sampling technique was used in this study to come up with a desirable sample. Primary data was collected by use of questionnaires and utilised in this study to enhance the originality of the study. The questionnaires were administered to the randomly selected employees who were the respondents. The study used the quantitative method of data analysis. The collected data was edited, coded, keyed in and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The quantitative data was analysed using both descriptive statistics and correlations. A regression model was then used to show the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. Regression of coefficients results showed that legislative delegation and organisation performance are positively and significantly related at both 1% and 5% confidence level (B=0.284, p=0.032). The results further indicated that adjudicative delegation and organisation performance are positively and significantly related at 1% and 5% confidence level (B=0.319, p=0.011). The results further established that monitoring and enforcement delegation were positively and significantly related at 1% and 5% confidence level (B=0.334, p=.013). Similarly, results showed that agenda setting, delegation and organisation performance were positively and insignificantly related at a 5% confidence level (B=0.094, p=0.455). Based on the findings, the study recommended that organisations and firms should consider the delegation of authority as one way of enhancing organisational performance. The study further recommended that those in authority should be very careful when delegating authority, not to go overboard.

 

Author (s) Details

Kennedy Akweyu Shikami
The Management University of Africa, Kenya.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49970-52-6

Allan-Herndon-Dudley-Syndrome: An Overview of an Extremely Rare Disorder in Childhood | Chapter 8 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 2

 

Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS) is a rare X-linked disease with severe neuropsychiatric abnormalities including psychomotor retardation, lack of speech development, dystonia, and severe intellectual deficits. William Allan, Florence C. Dudley, and C. Nash Herndon first described a syndrome which results from the disturbed formation of two thyroid hormone transporters, MCT8 and Oatp1c1. Nearly 320 individuals of around 130 families have been described so far with MCT-8 deficiency. The first individual treatment attempt with LT4 and Propylthiouracil was introduced in 2008; the development of therapies for Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome has gained momentum in recent years. Treatment options range from symptomatic interventions, including botulinum toxin injections, levodopa/carbidopa, assistive devices, functional therapies, rehabilitation to replacement therapies (LT3, LT4, DIPTA, TRIAC, TETRAC), and gene therapy. Diagnosis, treatment and cure of Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome in childhood remains challenging for the future. Due to the low number of cases, conducting large-scale studies is challenging, and therefore, it is difficult to find clear guidelines for this extremely rare disease in childhood.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Stefan Bittmann
Department of Pediatrics, Ped Mind Institute, Hindenburgring 4, D-48599 Gronau, Germany and Shangluo Vocational and Technical College, Shangluo, 726000, Shaanxi, China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v2/5685

Unlocking Fingerprint Intelligence: Extracting Ridge, Minutiae, and DWT Features | Chapter 7 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 2

A fingerprint image captures the unique spatial pattern of ridges and valleys on the human fingertip, serving as a powerful and widely adopted A fingerprint image is a digital representation of the intricate and unique spatial configuration of ridges and valleys found on the human fingertip. These patterns are distinct for every individual and remain virtually unchanged throughout a person’s life, making fingerprints one of the most reliable forms of biometric identification. Their inherent individuality and permanence have made fingerprint recognition systems indispensable across a wide range of applications, including forensic investigations, national identity verification programs, secure access control systems, and personal device authentication.

 

This chapter, inspired by advancements in biometric sciences, anthropometry, and computational pattern recognition, investigates refined and more efficient methods of extracting rich and diverse features from fingerprint images. The emphasis lies on enhancing the accuracy and reliability of classification and identification tasks by focusing on extracting ridge information, minutiae patterns, and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) features. These advanced features not only facilitate accurate fingerprint matching but also enable the derivation of soft biometric indicators such as gender, age, and potentially even blood type. This opens up promising avenues for the development of lightweight, non-invasive, and cost-effective biometric classification systems, which are particularly valuable in resource-constrained settings.

 

Fingerprint-based systems offer several key advantages over other biometric modalities, such as iris scans, facial recognition, or voice analysis. They typically require less storage space, involve simpler data acquisition procedures, and demand relatively low computational resources. These attributes make fingerprint recognition an ideal candidate for large-scale biometric applications, especially in densely populated or economically limited regions. The methodology explored in this chapter revolves around an automated framework that systematically analyses the spatial and structural features of fingerprints. It leverages both spatial domain and frequency domain analysis techniques to achieve a high-fidelity representation of fingerprint traits. By focusing on the precise extraction of ridge flows and minutiae points such as bifurcations and endings, and further enriching this representation with wavelet-based descriptors, the approach ensures robustness across various acquisition conditions, including variations in scanner types, resolutions, lighting conditions, and finger orientation.

 

Unlike traditional systems that rely solely on features such as ridge counts, thickness, and basic minutiae, the proposed approach employs enhanced feature extraction strategies that significantly improve identification accuracy. Through the application of Discrete Wavelet Transform, fingerprint images are analysed at multiple resolutions, enabling the capture of both global and fine-grained local details. This multiresolution capability allows the system to identify subtle fingerprint variations that might otherwise go undetected, making the overall classification more precise and resilient. Further, ridge structure is assessed in terms of quantifiable metrics like minimum, maximum, and average ridge lengths across the fingerprint. These measurements add another layer of distinguishing information, especially useful in scenarios where individuals have similar minutiae layouts but different ridge formations. In addition to these features, a rich set of minutiae descriptors-such as the number of ridge bifurcations, ridge endings, and total minutiae points-is extracted to enhance the discriminatory capability of the system.

 

By integrating these diverse features-spatial, geometric, and frequency-based-into a cohesive fingerprint recognition pipeline, this chapter presents a powerful and holistic approach to automated fingerprint classification. The comprehensive feature representation facilitates accurate and efficient matching of test fingerprint samples with stored templates, making the system suitable for use in high-security environments, law enforcement databases, and scalable authentication solutions.

 

In essence, this chapter contributes to the ongoing evolution of biometric technologies by introducing refined feature extraction techniques that enhance the reliability and versatility of fingerprint-based systems. The emphasis on improved accuracy, computational efficiency, and adaptability underscores the relevance of these techniques in shaping the future of secure and intelligent biometric identification.

 

Author(s) Details

 

Sayed Abulhasan Quadri
SECAB Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vijayapura, India.

 

Chandrakant P. Divate
SECAB Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vijayapura, India.

 

Tabasum Guledgudd
SECAB Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vijayapura, India.

 

Sayed Abdulhayan
PACE College, Mangalore, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v2/5744

Determining Viscosity and Water Content of Silicate Melts from Melt Inclusion Data Using Stokes-Einstein Relation | Chapter 6 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 2

Silicate melts are the ubiquitous components of igneous processes in the Earth's crust and mantle and serve as the key transport agents for physico-chemical differentiation and evolution of the Earth. The viscosity is a fundamental property that influences the dynamic behaviour of silicate melts (melt segregation, magma mixing, crystal fractionation, fluid exsolution, the ascent rate of a magma). This study presents a new and straightforward method for estimating the viscosity and water content in hydrous silicate melts using homogenization measurements on melt inclusions in rock-forming minerals in granites and rhyolites from the Erzgebirge, the Slavkovsky les, Thuringia, the Caucasus, the Fichtelgebirge, and the Oberpfalz. A combination of the Stokes-Einstein equation and Shaw's (1972) viscosity calculation, along with data on temperature, inclusion diameter, run time, and inclusion chemistry, was employed. The viscosity at the minimum observable homogenization temperature is 3.6 * 104 Pa . s Generally, the water content ranges from 2.5 to 9 wt. %. The accuracy of the method and the potential for diffusive water loss are critically assessed.

 

The relationship between diffusion and viscosity, as described by the classic Stokes-Einstein relation, and the direct connection with viscosity (e.g., Shaw 1963) combine all-important physical quantities: temperature, time, length, and chemistry.

 

Author(s) Details

 

Rainer Thomas
Home Office Raman Laboratory, Im Waldwinkel 8, D-14662 Friesack, Germany.

 

Please see the book here: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v2/5750

Enhanced Image Protection Using Discrete Fractional Fourier Domain and Dual Random Phase Encoding | Chapter 5 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 2

In the digital era, secure image transmission is critical for applications ranging from medical imaging to military surveillance. Encryption is one of the well-known techniques to provide security in the transmission of multimedia content over the internet and wireless networks. There is use of image in all the areas, so its security is of great concern nowadays. In this paper, we propose a novel method of image encryption using discrete fractional Fourier transform (DFrFT) using an exponential random phase mask. The proposed method employs a two-phase masking approach, where the input image is first modulated with a random phase mask in the spatial domain and subsequently transformed using the DFrFT with tunable fractional orders. A second random phase mask is applied in the fractional frequency domain to further obscure image content. This technique makes it almost impossible to retrieve the image without using both the right keys. The combination of multidimensional DFrFT and random phase modulation significantly increases the key space and sensitivity to initial conditions, making brute-force and plaintext attacks computationally infeasible. Experimental results validate the robustness of the proposed method in terms of Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of maximum 42.02 dB, keyspace analysis for security, computational complexity same as FrFT, processing time 2.8654 seconds and mean square error -1.5735 dB obtained.

 

Author(s) Details

Deepak Sharma
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering & Technology, A.B. Road, Raghogarh, Guna-473226, India.

 

Subodh Kumar Singhal
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering & Technology, A.B. Road, Raghogarh, Guna-473226, India.

 

Prateek Pandey
Department of Computer Science Engineering, Jaypee University of Engineering & Technology, A.B. Road, Raghogarh, Guna-473226, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v2/5655

Safety Analysis of Cross-border Ferry Transportation: A Case Study of Batam–Singapore and Batam–Johor Routes | Chapter 4 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 2

As a border in Sumatra, Batam acts as a bridge between Indonesia and Singapore, and also Indonesia and Malaysia. Batam is located in locations strategic considering the sea border area, crossing between in Sumatra, Singapore and Johor, Malaysia. The objective of this study is to conduct a safety analysis of cross-border sea transportation between Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia. Specifically, this study assesses whether the ASEAN Economic Community, in order to facilitate ASEAN connectivity, since the 2015 application, has effectively facilitated safe and efficient maritime transportation. Because connectivity between ASEAN countries is considered an important part in the context of creating the implementation of the ASEAN economic community characterised by an open market in Southeast Asia, sea border transportation needs to develop again. This chapter adopted a case study approach that involves discussions of different facts of ferry routes between Batam – Singapore and also Batam – Johor, and gained information about the ferries, terminals and also the impact on the sea border transportation of three countries between Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia. Terminal facilities and ferry operations were examined. Safety analysis of the ship is already fulfilled and satisfies the requirements of safety according to the Indonesian regulation.

 

Author(s) Details

Danny Faturachman
Marine Engineering Department, Darma Persada University, Jl. Taman Malaka Selatan, Pondok Kelapa, Jakarta Timur, 13450, Indonesia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v2/5600

Development of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon (a-Si: H) Charge-Selective Contact Devices on a Polyimide Flexible Substrate for Dosimetry and Beam Flux Measurements | Chapter 3 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 2

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si: H) devices on flexible substrates are currently being studied for application in dosimetry and beam flux measurements. The low deposition temperature of a-Si: H allows its layering on flexible materials like polyimide (PI). The necessity of in vivo dosimetry requires thin devices with maximal transparency and flexibility. For this reason, a thin (<10 µm) a-Si: H device deposited on a thin polyimide sheet is a very valid option for this application. Furthermore, a-Si: H is a material that has an intrinsically high radiation hardness. In order to develop these devices, the HASPIDE (Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Pixel Detectors) collaboration has implemented two different device configurations: n-i-p type diodes and charge-selective contact devices. Charge-selective contact devices are based on a three-layer structure featuring a thin layer of metal-oxides with a small activation energy (like TiO2), a thick layer of intrinsic a-Si: H, and a thin layer of metal-oxides with a large activation energy (like MoOx or WOx). Charge-selective contact-based devices have been studied for solar cell applications, and recently, the above-mentioned collaboration has tested these devices for X-ray dose measurements. In this paper, the HASPIDE collaboration has studied the X-ray and proton response of charge-selective contact devices deposited on Polyimide.

 

The linearity of the photocurrent response to X-ray versus dose rate has been assessed at various bias voltages. The sensitivity to protons has also been studied at various bias voltages, and the wide range linearity has been tested for fluxes in the range from 8.3 × 107 to 2.49 × 1010 p/(cm2 s). The results show a very good linearity in the dose rate range tested, in addition to a good sensitivity and quite low leakage current below 4 V bias. Dosimetric sensitivity is related to bias voltage, in a very linear behaviour.

 

Author(s) Details

Mauro Menichelli

INFN, Sezione di Perugia, Via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy.

 

Saba Aziz

INFN Sezione di Lecce, Dipartimento di Fisica e Matematica, dell’Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy.

 

Aishah Bashiri

Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia and Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Art, Najran University, King Abdulaziz Rd,1988 Najran, Saudi Arabia.

Marco Bizzarri

INFN, Sezione di Perugia, Via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy and Dipipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, dell’Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy.

 

Clarissa Buti

INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50135 Firenze, Italy.

 

 Lucio Calcagnile

INFN Sezione di Lecce, Dipartimento di Fisica e Matematica, dell’Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy.

 

Daniela Calvo

INFN Sezione di Torino Via Pietro Giuria, 110125 Torino, Italy.

 

Mirco Caprai

INFN, Sezione di Perugia, Via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy.

 

Domenico Caputo

INFN Sezione di Roma 1, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy and Dipartimento Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Elettronica e Telecomunicazioni, dell’Università degli studi di Roma, Via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Roma, Italy.

 

Anna Paola Caricato

INFN Sezione di Lecce, Dipartimento di Fisica e Matematica, dell’Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy.

 

Roberto Catalano

INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S.Sofia62, 95123 Catania, Italy.

 

Massimo Cazzanelli

Dipatimento di Ingegneria, TIFPA and Trento University, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Italy.

 

Roberto Cirio

INFN Sezione di Torino Via Pietro Giuria, 110125 Torino, Italy.

 

Giuseppe Antonio Pablo Cirrone

INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S.Sofia62, 95123 Catania, Italy.

 

Federico Cittadini

INFN, Sezione di Perugia, Via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy and Dipatimento Di Fisica e Astronomia, dell’Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy.

 

Tommaso Croci

INFN, Sezione di Perugia, Via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy and Dipatimento di Ingegneria, dell’Università degli studi di Perugia, Via G.Duranti, 06125 Perugia, Italy.

 

Giacomo Cuttone

INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S.Sofia62, 95123 Catania, Italy.

 

Giampiero de Cesare

INFN Sezione di Roma 1, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy and Dipartimento Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Elettronica e Telecomunicazioni, dell’Università degli studi di Roma, Via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Roma, Italy.

 

Paolo De Remigis

INFN Sezione di Torino Via Pietro Giuria, 110125 Torino, Italy.

 

Sylvain Dunand

Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Electrical and Microengineering (IME), Rue de la Maladière 71b, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.

 

Michele Fabi

INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy and DiSPeA, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy.

 

Luca Frontini

INFN Sezione di Milano Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, dell’Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.

 

 

Catia Grimani

INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy and DiSPeA, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy.

 

Mariacristina Guarrera

INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S.Sofia62, 95123 Catania, Italy.

 

Hamza Hasnaoui

Dipatimento di Ingegneria, TIFPA and Trento University, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Italy.

 

Maria Ionica

INFN, Sezione di Perugia, Via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy

 

Keida Kanxheri

INFN, Sezione di Perugia, Via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy and Dipipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, dell’Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy.

 

Matthew Large

Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.

 

Francesca Lenta

INFN Sezione di Torino Via Pietro Giuria, 110125 Torino, Italy and Politecnico di Torino Facoltà di Ingegneria, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.

 

Valentino Liberali

INFN Sezione di Milano Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, dell’Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.

 

 

Nicola Lovecchio

INFN Sezione di Roma 1, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy and Dipartimento Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Elettronica e Telecomunicazioni, dell’Università degli studi di Roma, Via Eudossiana, 18, 00184 Roma, Italy.

 

Maurizio Martino

INFN Sezione di Lecce, Dipartimento di Fisica e Matematica, dell’Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy.

 

Giuseppe Maruccio

INFN Sezione di Lecce, Dipartimento di Fisica e Matematica, dell’Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy.

 

Giovanni Mazza

INFN Sezione di Torino Via Pietro Giuria, 110125 Torino, Italy.

 

Anna Grazia Monteduro

INFN Sezione di Lecce, Dipartimento di Fisica e Matematica, dell’Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy.

 

Arianna Morozzi

INFN, Sezione di Perugia, Via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy.

 

Augusto Nascetti

INFN Sezione di Roma 1, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy and Scuola di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Università degli studi di Roma, Via Salaria 851/881, 00138 Roma, Italy.

 

Stefania Pallotta

INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50135 Firenze, Italy.

 

Andrea Papi

INFN, Sezione di Perugia, Via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy.

 

Daniele Passeri

INFN, Sezione di Perugia, Via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy and Dipatimento di Ingegneria, dell’Università degli studi di Perugia, Via G.Duranti, 06125 Perugia, Italy.

 

Maddalena Pedio

INFN, Sezione di Perugia, Via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy and CNR-IOM, Via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy.

 

Marco Petasecca

Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave., Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.

 

Giada Petringa

INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S.Sofia62, 95123 Catania, Italy.

 

Francesca Peverini

INFN, Sezione di Perugia, Via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy and Dipipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, dell’Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy.

 

Pisana Placidi

INFN, Sezione di Perugia, Via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy and Dipatimento di Ingegneria, dell’Università degli studi di Perugia, Via G.Duranti, 06125 Perugia, Italy.

 

 

Matteo Polo

Dipatimento di Ingegneria, TIFPA and Trento University, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Italy

 

Alberto Quaranta

Dipatimento di Ingegneria, TIFPA and Trento University, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Italy.

 

Gianluca Quarta

INFN Sezione di Lecce, Dipartimento di Fisica e Matematica, dell’Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy.

 

Silvia Rizzato

INFN Sezione di Lecce, Dipartimento di Fisica e Matematica, dell’Università del Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy.

 

Federico Sabbatini

INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.

 

Leonello Servoli

INFN, Sezione di Perugia, Via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy.

 

Alberto Stabile

INFN Sezione di Milano Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, dell’Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.

 

Cinzia Talamonti

INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy and Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50135 Firenze, Italy.

 

Jonathan Emanuel Thomet

Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Electrical and Microengineering (IME), Rue de la Maladière 71b, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.

 

Luca Tosti

INFN, Sezione di Perugia, Via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy.

Monica Setia Vasquez Mora

INFN Sezione di Milano Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.

Mattia Villani

INFN Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy and DiSPeA, Università di Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy.

 

Richard James Wheadon

INFN Sezione di Torino Via Pietro Giuria, 110125 Torino, Italy.

 

Nicolas Wyrsch

Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Electrical and Microengineering (IME), Rue de la Maladière 71b, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.

 

Nicola Zema

INFN, Sezione di Perugia, Via Pascoli s.n.c., 06123 Perugia, Italy and CNR Istituto Struttura Della Materia, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v2/5651