Concurrent Severe Rheumatic Carditis and Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome in a Child: A Rare Case Report | Chapter 8 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 7

 

Background: Rheumatic carditis is a severe immune-mediated complication of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection, while idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is the most common glomerular disease in childhood. The coexistence of rheumatic carditis and renal disease suggests a shared immunopathogenic mechanism related to streptococcal infection. However, the simultaneous occurrence of rheumatic carditis and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in the same patient is exceptionally rare, with very few cases reported in the literature.

 

Aim: The study aims to present the case of a 5-year-old child presenting with severe rheumatic carditis associated with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, highlighting the diagnostic challenges, therapeutic management, and possible immunological links between these two conditions.

 

Case Presentation: This chapter presents the case of a 5-year-old boy admitted for generalised oedema and respiratory distress following a recent episode of tonsillitis. Clinical evaluation and investigations revealed severe decompensated rheumatic carditis associated with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Echocardiography showed dilation of all four cardiac chambers, biventricular systolic dysfunction, and multiple valvular regurgitations. Laboratory findings revealed nephrotic-range proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia, with elevated antistreptolysin O titers. The patient was treated with systemic corticosteroids, diuretics, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and antibiotic therapy, including secondary prophylaxis with benzathine penicillin. The clinical course was favourable, with rapid resolution of oedema, improvement in respiratory symptoms, normalisation of cardiac findings, and complete disappearance of proteinuria within one month of treatment.

 

Conclusion: This case describes the first documented association of severe rheumatic carditis and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in a pediatric patient. It highlights the potential for multisystem immune-mediated complications following streptococcal infection and underscores the importance of early recognition and appropriate management in pediatric patients. Owing to the single-case design, causal inferences and definitive conclusions regarding shared immunopathogenic mechanisms remain limited. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the mechanisms that may account for the coexistence of these two conditions.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Idrissa Maïga
Pediatric Department, Naomi Harris Mother and Child Hospital, Bongourou, Kayes, Mali and Department of Pediatrics, Gabriel Touré University Hospital, Bamako, Mali.

 

Brehima Traore
International NGO Muso, Bamako, Mali.

 

Mamady Camara
Kayes Reference Health Center, Mali.

 

Mamadou Diakite
Department of Pediatrics, Gabriel Touré University Hospital, Bamako, Mali.

 

Fatoumata N. Diarra
Pediatric Department, Naomi Harris Mother and Child Hospital, Bongourou, Kayes, Mali.

 

Aminata Sangaré
Pediatric Department, Naomi Harris Mother and Child Hospital, Bongourou, Kayes, Mali.

 

Yaya Traoré
Pediatric Department, Naomi Harris Mother and Child Hospital, Bongourou, Kayes, Mali.

 

N'diaye Sory Ibrahimaa
International NGO Muso, Bamako, Mali.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v7/7249

Management and Surgical Treatment of Prolapsed Ectopic Ureterocele in a Pediatric Patient | Chapter 7 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 10

Ureterocele is a urinary malformation that presents diagnostic and management challenges due to its rarity and unusual presentation. It is essential to raise awareness among pediatric urology practitioners and specialists of these complications and implications to ensure good management under appropriate load.

 

We reported the case of a 12-month-old girl presenting with an ectopic ureterocele prolapsed into the vulva. Urinary catheterization was used as emergency treatment to minimize ureterocele. The patient then underwent a superior polar heminephrectomy at 17 months of age, which partially resolved the problem.

 

A year later, she again sought treatment for her prolapse. This time, ureterecelectomy with ureteral reimplantation was performed, which resulted in complete recovery.

 

Non-consensual management of this malformation must be initiated as early as possible to prevent complications.

 

The first goal of treatment was to decompress the prolapsed ureterocele and remove it endoscopically.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Boumediene Abou-Bekr

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mother and Child Specialty Center, Tlemcen Faculte de Medecine, Universite Abou Bekr Belkaid, Algeria.

Mohamed Djelad

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculte de Medecine Oran, Chu Oran, Universite Ahmed Benbela, Algeria.

Yamina Ouadah

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mother and Child Specialty Center, Tlemcen Faculte de Medecine, Universite Abou Bekr Belkaid, Algeria.

Soumia Chikh Bled

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Mother and Child Specialty Center, Tlemcen Faculte de Medecine, Universite Abou Bekr Belkaid, Algeria.

Hayat Meftah

Resuscitation Department, Tlemcen Faculte de Medecine, Universite Abou Bekr Belkaid, Algeria.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v10/1029

Emerging Gene and Cell Therapy Strategies for Rare Pediatric Genetic Disorders | Chapter 2 | Microbiology and Biotechnology Research: An Overview Vol. 4

 

Gene therapy in paediatrics is an innovative treatment approach for addressing various genetic disorders that present in childhood. Gene and cell therapies have been developed and approved for a growing number of pediatric diseases, with ongoing research for additional innovative treatment options for the future. Each therapy is tailored to the specific disease and targets a specific genetic alteration or cell population. The development of new therapies is a complex and regulated process, with strict oversight at regional and European levels. Gene therapy has three facets such as, gene silencing using siRNA, shRNA and miRNA; gene addition introducing a functional gene that contains instructions for the cell to produce a specific protein; and finally gene editing based therapy where mutations are modified using specific nucleases such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regulatory interspaced short tandem repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas)-associated nucleases. This review explores the emerging gene and cell therapy strategies for rare pediatric genetic disorders. The success of gene therapy in treating genetic diseases depends on understanding the specific characteristics and function of the relevant gene, the genetic changes that cause disease, and the regulatory systems that affect gene expression. Rare pediatric neurogenetic diseases typically manifest early in life, lack specific treatment options, have high mortality rates, and present a significant threat to children's health and survival. A one-time genetic approach is desirable in many rare pediatric diseases and has been established only in a few pediatric diseases to date. Rare genetic diseases in childhood are an important factor as a healthcare concern due to high costs for the healthcare system, especially in gene therapy.

 

Author(s) Details

 Stefan Bittmann
Department of Pediatrics, Ped Mind Institute, Hindenburgring 4, D-48599 Gronau, Germany and Shangluo Vocational and Technical College, Shangluo, 726000, Shaanxi, China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mbrao/v4/5688

Allan-Herndon-Dudley-Syndrome: An Overview of an Extremely Rare Disorder in Childhood | Chapter 8 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 2

 

Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS) is a rare X-linked disease with severe neuropsychiatric abnormalities including psychomotor retardation, lack of speech development, dystonia, and severe intellectual deficits. William Allan, Florence C. Dudley, and C. Nash Herndon first described a syndrome which results from the disturbed formation of two thyroid hormone transporters, MCT8 and Oatp1c1. Nearly 320 individuals of around 130 families have been described so far with MCT-8 deficiency. The first individual treatment attempt with LT4 and Propylthiouracil was introduced in 2008; the development of therapies for Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome has gained momentum in recent years. Treatment options range from symptomatic interventions, including botulinum toxin injections, levodopa/carbidopa, assistive devices, functional therapies, rehabilitation to replacement therapies (LT3, LT4, DIPTA, TRIAC, TETRAC), and gene therapy. Diagnosis, treatment and cure of Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome in childhood remains challenging for the future. Due to the low number of cases, conducting large-scale studies is challenging, and therefore, it is difficult to find clear guidelines for this extremely rare disease in childhood.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Stefan Bittmann
Department of Pediatrics, Ped Mind Institute, Hindenburgring 4, D-48599 Gronau, Germany and Shangluo Vocational and Technical College, Shangluo, 726000, Shaanxi, China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v2/5685

The Pediatric Dental Pyramid: A Comprehensive Model of Contemporary Factors in Pediatric Dental Care | Chapter 11 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 9

The success of dental procedures for young patients hinges on several crucial factors. To illustrate these key components, a pyramid model was created. At the top of this pyramid is the child, the central focus of care. Surrounding the child are four fundamental elements: parents, society, the dentist, and e-screens. These elements form the base of the pyramid, highlighting the core influences that impact effective Pediatric dental care. The child's cooperation and behavior, along with the dentist's expertise and skill, are the most crucial factors for achieving successful treatment outcomes. The pyramid consists of five distinct layers, each representing a different level of interaction and emphasizing the importance of various factors in the child's care. The apex of the pyramid features the most critical contributor, with other elements supporting in a hierarchical manner as you move toward the base. The Pediatric Dentistry Management Pyramid provides a clear visual depiction of the interrelationships and relative significance of these factors in achieving optimal patient care.  Understanding and addressing each of these components enables a more thorough and effective Pediatric dental practice, ultimately resulting in better treatment outcomes and a more positive experience for both the child and their family.

 

Author (s) Details

Jyothsna V Setty
Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Siddhartha Dental College and Hospital, SAHE, Agalakote, B H Road, Tumakuru, Karnataka-572107, India.

 

Vidyullatha V Shetty
Department of Forensic Medicine, Sri Chamundeshwari Medical College, Hospital and Research Institute, Ramanagara, Channapatna, Karnataka-562160, India.

 

Srikanth K V
Narayana Institute of Cardiac Sciences, No. 258/A, Bommasandra Industerial Area, Anekal Taluk, Bengaluru-560099, India.

 

Shilpa S
Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, M.R. Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka-560005, India.

 

Ila Srinivasan
Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, M.R. Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka-560005, India.

 

Aparna Jaikrishna
Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, M.R. Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka-560005, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v9/2450

 

The Syntabulin-Syntaxin 1 Axis in Autism: Insights into Neuronal Excitation/ Inhibition Balance | Chapter 7| Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 6

Autism is a complex developmental disorder that affects the central nervous system, leading to disturbances in relationships and communication with other people. Synaptic cargo vesicles containing presynaptic proteins are transported from the neuronal cell body to the neuronal terminal region to have functional roles in active zone formation. Former research studies showed altered levels of up to 25 different synaptic proteins with a special focus on SNAP47, GRIA3/4, GAP43, synaptotagmin 2, LRFN2, SV2C and syntabulin. Syntabulin works as a key component gene of membranous cargoes and motor-cargo interactions are not completely understood to date. Recent research identified a syntaxin-1-binding protein called syntabulin. Syntabulin links syntaxin-containing vesicles to microtubules and moves with syntaxin in neuronal brain processes. Knocking down syntabulin expression or disrupting the syntabulin-syntaxin interaction hinders the attachment of syntaxin-cargo vesicles to microtubules and reduces syntaxin-1 distribution in neuronal processes. Conventional kinesin I heavy chain binds to syntabulin and associates with syntabulin-linked syntaxin vesicles in vivo. Syntabulin could play an important role as a linker molecule that connects syntaxin-cargo vesicles to kinesin I, facilitating the transportation of syntaxin-1 to neuronal processes. Syntabulin regulates neuronal excitatory and inhibitory imbalance by transporting syntaxin 1 B, more than syntaxin 1A, to the presynaptic membrane formation. The gene for Syntabulin is found on human chromosome 8q23.2, in mouse on chromosome 15. Moreover, the exact role of syntaxin 1 A and 1B is of utmost importance in autism spectrum disorders. This review sheds light on the role of syntabulin- syntaxin 1A/B axis and mentions different synaptic cargo transporters which could play important roles in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders in childhood. Further molecular research should focus on studying synaptopathies in autism spectrum disorders to develop new hypotheses for pharmaceutical interventions.

 

Author (s) Details

 Stefan Bittmann
Department of Pediatrics, Ped Mind Institute (PMI), Hindenburgring 4, D-48599 Gronau, Germany and Shangluo Vocational and Technical College, Shangluo, 726000, Shaanxi, China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v6/4338

Loss and Bereavement: The Role of the Teacher in the Primary School | Chapter 7 | Progress in Language, Literature and Education Research Vol. 9

 

For the child, the loss is experienced as a painful and traumatic experience. This paper deals with the role of the teacher towards the grieving child. As the school space is de facto a space where students spend a large part of their daily life, it is particularly important to determine in which ways, through which techniques the modern school will contribute decisively to the modification of students' perceptions of loss and how he will handle his students who experience the specific situations, taking into account that there is a deficit in the Greek educational reality and the required attention has not been given to the specific taboo subject, which teachers often find difficult to handle. The present study was based on bibliographic data, such as empirical, theoretical studies, or other bibliographic research and writings. The study concludes on three basic principles of managing a grieving child a) to help children feel safe and recognize the reality of death, b) to create an environment that will facilitate children to talk about their feelings, c) to form appropriate learning opportunities aiming to educate children about death.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Christiana Kartselou
Hellenic Open University, Greece.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/pller/v9/336

A Multi-factorial Analysis of the Factors Affecting Elementary Students’ Interest in Physical Education Considering Students’ Ethnicity and Gender | Chapter 5 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 Background: Student attitudes toward education are of great concern to educators around the world. Fostering Student’s positive interest in physical education is of great concern in academia. More importantly, the rationale as to why one would maintain a positive interest in physical education is of concern. These topics have been widely researched. However, the comparison of gender and ethnicity as it relates to students’ interest in physical education is a novel investigation. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the relationship between elementary student’s interest in physical education considering gender, ethnicity, curricular and teacher influences, and student’s perceived competency.

Methods: Participants included 99 fifth-grade elementary school students (62 males, 37 females). Participant selection was conducted by utilizing 6 intact physical education classes from a single culturally diverse elementary school. Racial and ethnic distribution for fifth graders consists of 54.69% Caucasian, 37.50% African American, and 2.34% Hispanic, 4.69% Asian, and .78% Multicul¬tural. The Physical Education Interest Questionnaire was the instrument used for this study as well as open-ended questions for qualitative analysis [1]. Statistical analysis was done to analyze the collected data.

Results: Findings indicated that students, regardless of ethnicity and gender, maintained a positive interest in physical education. However, male students maintained greater interest in physical education than female students, irrespective of ethnicity. Caucasian students maintained significantly higher interest than other ethnicities. Perceived competence had the most effect on students’ overall interest. Answers to open-ended questions supported these results.

Conclusion: Although this study identified that a positive interest in physical education regardless of the subjects’ gender and ethnicity existed, future instructors must consider teaching non-mainstream individual fitness activities to students. This would lead to increased individual perceived competency and continued positive interest in physical education. The study suggests that future adults need to be encouraged to continue to be physically active throughout life not only while they are young, thus reducing the obesity epidemic plaguing our society.

Author(s) Details:

John D Hatten,
Keiser University, United States.

James C Hannon,
Kent State University, United States.


Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V4/article/view/14001

Research on Liver Organoid: Present Situation, Limiting Factors and Future Therapeutical Potential in Pediatric Diseases | Chapter 9 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 10

 Scientists often use organoids to research diseases. Organoids are three-dimensional, organ-like cell assemblies in which different cell types have organized themselves in a way that is approximately typical for the corresponding organ in the body. They show three characteristics: self-organization, multicellularity and functionality. This study concentrates on liver organoid research and its future role in different pediatric diseases. The range of organs that can be studied with organoids is growing rapidly and includes the brain, intestine, kidney, stomach, pancreas, lung, liver, prostate, esophagus, gallbladder, and the female reproductive tract, among others, and also the embryo. Organoids enable the scientific study of human development, physiology and pathology on a scale. Organoids are grown either from pluripotent stem cells or from tissue-specific adult stem cells. Adult stem cells are present in a large number of tissues and are responsible for renewing the cells in these tissues. They can only give rise to the cell types that are present in the particular tissue, the stem cell of the intestinal epithelium only produces cells of the intestinal epithelium, but not muscle cells or nerve cells. They are thus multipotent. Today, it is possible to reconstruct organ-like tissue organoids in the laboratory. Stem cells are thereby induced to differentiate by molecular signals and grown in culture systems that promote their three-dimensional self-organization. Rapidly developing organoid technology makes it possible to phenotypically copy cell structure. To some extent, this is also true for the functions of various human organs (for example, brain, thyroid, thymus, intestine, liver, pancreas, stomach, lung, kidney) and even early-stage embryos. As near-physiological 3D culture systems, organoids open up new possibilities to study the development of healthy and diseased organs and offer great potential for translational research. Further research in the field of paediatrics will show further development of in vivo use of organoids in the future, especially in liver diseases in childhood.

Author(s) Details:

Stefan Bittmann,
Department of Pediatrics, Ped Mind Institute, Medical and Finance Center Epe, Hindenburgring 4, 48599 Gronau, Germany.

Gloria Villalon,
Department of Pediatrics, Ped Mind Institute, Medical and Finance Center Epe, Hindenburgring 4, 48599 Gronau, Germany.

Elena Moschüring-Alieva,
Department of Pediatrics, Ped Mind Institute, Medical and Finance Center Epe, Hindenburgring 4, 48599 Gronau, Germany.

Lara BIttmann,
Department of Pediatrics, Ped Mind Institute, Medical and Finance Center Epe, Hindenburgring 4, 48599 Gronau, Germany.

Elisabeth Luchter,
Department of Pediatrics, Ped Mind Institute, Medical and Finance Center Epe, Hindenburgring 4, 48599 Gronau, Germany.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V10/article/view/13957

Impact of Land Conflict on Child Health: A Case Report of a Child Injured at Chita Ward, Ifakara, Tanzania | Chapter 1 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 7

Background: Social conflicts is one of the global challenges leading to setback of development and flourishing of human societies. Children are the most vulnerable group whenever it happens. In sub-Saharan Africa societies the competition for land between farmers and pastoralists has been experienced in various areas, and children have been affected since in most pastoralist societies children are involved in cattle grazing and other domestic activities.

Case Report: Herein we have a case report of the eight years old boy who was injured by the neighbour due to land conflict. The child got penetrating head injury after being arrowed to right side of his head which resulted into permanent right eye blindness.

Conclusion: Harm to children during social conflicts is often caused by direct or indirect attacks. There is a need to have national approaches to stop conflict of all kinds in our societies for the sake of new generation. This can be done at local as well as national level by having clear and functional laws to stop land based conflicts.

Author(s) Details:

Isabela Magesa,
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 175, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania and Department of Surgery, Saint Francis Referral Hospital, P.O. Box 73, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania.

Fassil Tekie,
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 175, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania and Department of Surgery, Saint Francis Referral Hospital, P.O. Box 73, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania.

Winfrid Gingo,
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 175, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania and Department of Surgery, Saint Francis Referral Hospital, P.O. Box 73, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania.

Theresia Karuhanga,
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 175, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania and Department of Surgery, Saint Francis Referral Hospital, P.O. Box 73, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania.

Rashid Mayoka,
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 175, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania and Department of Surgery, Saint Francis Referral Hospital, P.O. Box 73, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania.

Projestus Sitta,
Department of Surgery, Saint Francis Referral Hospital, P.O. Box 73, Ifakara, Morogoro, Tanzania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V7/article/view/13417

Characterization of Cases of Negligence Type Violence against Children in a State of Brazil | Chapter 6 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

 Neglect is a synopsis present in the lives of many children in the country, appropriate a public health question of concern. Given the indicators about neglect, it is owned by know the traits of cases, in consideration of understand and advance actions for fear that the event.Objective: To resolve the characteristics of the announcements of interpersonal/self-exacted violence of neglect being pregnant in the state of Paraná.Methods: epidemiological explanatory study with a all-inclusive approach on the description of the notifications of neglect being pregnant in the period from 2017 to 2021 in united states of america of Paraná. The data were acquired from the Notification Form of Interpersonal and Self-Provoked Violence that are registered in the Information System of Notification Aggravities. For this study, we resolved the cases of negligence intensity against children old between 1 and 9 age traditional. Since this was a study that used free rights to a property records, ethical authorization was waived.Results: We analyzed 22.341 announcements, mostly men, between 1 and 4 age old, of silvery race/color. The main means of attack was poisoning/inebriation and the main trustworthy parties were the parent and father. There was an increase in cases in 2018, compared to the premature year, following accompanying an increase in 2019, presenting a meaningful drop from 2020 and in 2021.Conclusion: Violence of the negligence type in Paraná confirmed to be a important grievance for offsprings. The fact that persons are ultimate responsible for the neglect of adolescents raises reflection about kins, not being able to categorize them.

Author(s) Details:

Andressa Aya Ohta,
State University of Maringa, Brazil.

Laura Akemi Storer Makita,
State University of Maringa, Brazil.

Herbert Leopoldo de Freitas Goes,
State University of Maringá, Brazil.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHDHR-V5/article/view/10118

A New Entity: Extrahepatic Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma, Cytology as an Accurate Method of Diagnosis- A Rare Case Report | Chapter 3 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

 Undifferentiated embryonal abnormal growth in animate being, a rare diseased mesenchymal neoplasm that mostly influences children and teenagers, has happened documented in the liver. Since this illness was originally characterized in 1978, skilled have been 260 instances that have been labeled as developing in the liver [1]. The pathophysiology of it is still unknown. A 9 year traditional female presented accompanying upper intestinal dull pain. The ultrasound and CT scan revealed usual liver architecture, accompanying the liver pushed upwards due to condensation by a tumor arising in the retroperitoneum. Based on cytomorphology and confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry markers, a disease of Extrahepatic Undifferentiated Embryonal cell abnormal growth in animate being was made which is the FIRST case to best choice of my knowledge.

Author(s) Details:

Nupur Rastogi,
Private Diagnostic Centre (Dr. Nupur’s Lab), Kota, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V3/article/view/9912

Surgical Complications of Pica Syndrome: A Case Series | Chapter 4 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

An overdone or abnormal desire to expend a non-nutritional substance, that may be relatively harmless or potentially ruinous to one's energy, is a defining characteristic of the Pica syndrome, an bulimarexia. It is a rare pain brought on by the development of various instinctive foreign fabrics in the digestive tract, particularly at the stomach level. The most prevalent localisation is gastrointestinal, and it can persist for a lengthened time without syndromes.Many theories about the study of animal of Pica syndrome are known: subjective (acquired behavior), material (stressful events, a abandoned social atmosphere), sensory (mechanical strengthening) and nutritional required (iron and zinc).The process is surgical. We present three cases with digestive Pica syndrome difficulties. The first patient underwent enucleation for a gastrointestinal perforation brought on by ingesting 53 nails, a attach, and tape recorder cartridge bands, the second patient had surgery for a trichobezoar, and the final patient had a subocclusion made by chunks of granite.

Author(s) Details:

A. Doumbia,
Service of Pediatric Surgery, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

Y. Coulibaly,
Service of Pediatric Surgery, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

I. Amadou,
Service of Pediatric Surgery, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

M. Keita,
Service of Pediatric Surgery, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

O. Coulibali,
Service of Pediatric Surgery, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

B. Kamaté,
Service of Pediatric Surgery, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

M. K. Djiré,
Service of Pediatric Surgery, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

Y. M. Coulibaly,
Service of Pediatric Surgery, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

S. Camara,
Service of General Pediatric, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

H. Diall,
Service of General Pediatric, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

B. Maiga,
Service of General Pediatric, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

D. Konaté,
Service of General Pediatric, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

K. Sacko,
Service of General Pediatric, Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako, Mali.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V1/article/view/9621

Iron Deficiency Anemia and Learning Capacity in Children | Chapter 14 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

 The prevalence of iron deficiency (IDA), which reduces cognitive performance, work performance and durability, in developing and underdeveloped countries is high. Children represent one of the groups most affected for this disorder, leading to decreased cognitiveness, delayed development of psychomotors, changes in behaviour and physical development. Different studies have addressed the association between the IDA and child development, but on this issue there is no consensus. In this context, this review highlights the results of the principal published studies on this topic in an effort to provide all participants in this discussion with insightful comments.

Author (s) Details

Francisco Plácido Nogueira Arcanjo
Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.

Eliana Pereira Vellozo
Department of Pediatrics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo / Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Maria Aparecida Zanetti Passos
Postgraduate Program in Education and Health in Childhood and Adolescence, Universidade Federal de São Paulo / Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Mikkael Duarte dos Santos
Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus Sobral, Ceará, Brazil and Centro Universitário INTA, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.

Francisca Júlia dos Santos Sousa
Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.

Cecília Costa Arcanjo
Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.

Maria Sylvia de Souza Vitalle
Postgraduate Program in Education and Health in Childhood and Adolescence, Universidade Federal de São Paulo / Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and Department of Adolescent Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo / Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CDHR-V8/article/view/1432

The Birth of Healthy Children in Ancient Greece | Chapter 5 | New Horizons in Education and Social Studies Vol. 2

Introduction: The ancient Greeks not only emphasized childbearing but also the births of healthy children. Purpose: The purpose of this chapter is the investigation of the beliefs of the ancient Greeks about the birth of healthy children. Materials and Methods: A thorough academic and scientific research of writers of Ancient   Greece times and related studies and articles was conducted. Results: Plutarch advises couples not to drink wine or drink too little before the meeting, as their children will be addicted to alcohol. Plato states that the children of the drunkards during the meeting are born with abnormalities in the body and the soul. And Aristotle advises pregnant women to walk, eat nutritious foods and keep their minds calmer because during pregnancy children are affected from their pregnant mothers. While in Sparta there were rewards from the state for the birth of healthy children, such as the release of the father from his military duties. Conclusions: In ancient Greece, parents not only had to take care of childbearing but also of eugenics, thus giving their city beautiful and strong children.

Author(s) Details

Kourkouta Lambrini
Department of Nursing, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Koukourikos Kostas
Department of Nursing, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki Greece

Vakalopoulou Betty
7th High School of Athens, Athens, Greece

Tsaloglidou Areti
Department of Nursing, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki Greece.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/215

The Impact of Palliative Care on Health Status in HIV-Positive Children | Chapter 11 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

HIV-positive children in sub-Saharan Africa have numerous challenges to overcome. These challenges increase psychosocial stress as well as symptom burden including fatigue, weight loss, pain, and mental changes. The symptoms may persist even after initiation of antiretroviral therapy, so such children need additional care. Palliative care lays emphasis on holistic patient-centered care, including physical, psychological, social, and spiritual symptoms, alongside antiretroviral therapy. There is limited data on the impact of integrating palliative care with standard HIV care and treatment in children. The purpose of this study was to fill the gap in the literature by investigating the impact of palliative care on health status in HIV-positive children on antiretroviral therapy. The theoretical framework was based on the humanistic nursing theory. According to study results, children receiving palliative care alongside antiretroviral therapy have better physical and psychosocial health compared to children receiving only antiretroviral therapy. Increasing age was a contributing factor to better psychosocial and physical health in patients receiving palliative care. Emotional, social, and school functioning are important factors that determine treatment outcomes in children on antiretroviral therapy, and addressing those factors through palliative care will create a positive social change by improving treatment outcomes, quality of life, and longevity. 

Author(s) Details

Dr. Aabid A. Ahmed,
Bomu Hospital, Mombasa, Kenya.

Vasileios Margaritis,
School of Health Sciences, Walden University, USA.

Aaron Mendelsohn
 School of Health Sciences, Walden University, USA.

Dr. Hellen Kariuki,
University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.

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