Spirulina as a Natural Feed Additive: Impact on Health and Performance of Broilers and Laying Hens | Chapter 5 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 2

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the effects of incorporating Spirulina into poultry diets, focusing on its impact on growth performance, immune function, egg production, microbial control, and overall poultry health. Spirulina, a blue-green algae known for its rich nutrient profile, including proteins, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds, offers a range of benefits when included in poultry nutrition. Studies have shown that Spirulina supplementation improves weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and immune responses in both broiler chickens and laying hens. Additionally, it enhances the quality of eggs, particularly yolk pigmentation, without affecting feed intake. Furthermore, Spirulina demonstrates antimicrobial properties, contributing to improved gut health by promoting beneficial bacteria and reducing harmful microorganisms. The chapter also explores the optimal inclusion levels of Spirulina in poultry diets, offering insights into its potential as a natural, sustainable supplement to enhance poultry productivity and welfare. Through an analysis of recent research, this chapter highlights the scientific evidence supporting the inclusion of Spirulina as an effective and safe nutritional supplement for poultry farming.

 

Author (s) Details

Mariem Saidani
Research Unit of Biodiversity and Resource Development in Mountain Areas of Tunisia (UR17AGR14), Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, Mateur, Tunisia.

 

Manel Ben Larbi
Research Unit of Biodiversity and Resource Development in Mountain Areas of Tunisia (UR17AGR14), Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, Mateur, Tunisia.

 

 

Naceur M’Hamdi
Animal and Food Resources Laboratory (LRAA), National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v2/5421

 

Occupational Stress and Health Impacts Among Public Sector Bus Drivers: A Cross-sectional Study | Book Publisher International

Introduction: Occupational stress refers to the pressure that individual workers feel around their work conditions. It's a significant factor that affects individuals, groups, and communities. Occupational stress is an important health issue in a variety of occupations and has been associated with health problems and risk-taking behaviours. Drivers, in particular bus drivers, have very stressful jobs as they work shifts for long hours creating exposure to unhealthy levels of pollutants and a higher rate of sickness absenteeism. The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence and associated factors of occupational stress among Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) bus drivers in Kolar, Karnataka.

Objectives: Among KSRTC bus drivers in Kolar.

1.To determine the stress level in occupation among KSRTC bus drivers.

2.To determine association between the stress and occupation-related factors.

3.To assess the health status among KSRTC drivers.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 1, 2023, to June 30, 2024, at the KSRTC depot in Kolar, which serves both urban and rural areas. The depot employs 729 staff, including bus drivers, conductors, mechanics, housekeeping, and administrative staff. Out of 654 bus drivers, a representative sample of 235 was selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected through a list of permanently employed staff from the depot's authority to ensure accuracy and relevance.

Results: The study among KSRTC bus drivers in Kolar found that 65% experienced moderate to severe stress. Significant factors associated with occupational stress included urban residency, divorce, chronic alcohol consumption, current tobacco chewing, hypertension, higher BMI, long working hours, and high waist-hip ratio. Binary logistic regression revealed significant associations between these variables with stress levels. We found that urban residents had significantly higher odds of experiencing stress compared to rural residents (OR=1.27, p=0.03). Divorced individuals and chronic alcoholics also showed higher odds of stress (OR=1.24, p=0.05 and OR=1.33, p=0.04, respectively). Significant associations were identified between stress and hypertension (OR=1.40, p=0.01), obesity (OR=1.30, p=0.03), morbid obesity (OR=1.47, p=0.01), high-risk waist-hip ratios (OR=1.42, p=0.01), and longer working hours (>12 hours, OR=1.30, p=0.03). Health assessments revealed a high prevalence of hypertension and obesity.

Conclusion: The study highlights the alarming prevalence of occupational stress among KSRTC bus drivers in Kolar, with 65% experiencing moderate to severe stress. Factors such as urban residency, lifestyle habits, and physiological parameters were found to significantly contribute to this stress burden. These results highlight the importance of population-specific health promotion programmes and policy amendments to improve the health of essential workers and road safety in general.

 

Author (s) Details

Varun R
epartment of Community Medicine, SDUMC, SDUAHER, Kolar, Karnataka, India.

 

Pradeep T.S.
Department of Community Medicine, SDUMC, SDUAHER, Kolar, Karnataka, India.

 

Muninarayana C.
Department of Community Medicine, SDUMC, SDUAHER, Kolar, Karnataka, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48859-36-5

Wearable Technology for Monitoring Respiratory Rate and SpO2 of COVID-19 Patients | Chapter 4 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

 This review surveyed the indicators of COVID-19 following, such as vitals, respiring condition, temperature, oxygen satiation (SpO2), and activity levels using wearable instruments. With a significant number of unexpected home deaths reported general due to coronavirus affliction 2019 (COVID-19), wearable technology has emerged as a design for monitoring this contamination. This systematic review used PubMed as the table, with the keywords “COVID-19”, “Diagnosis”, and “Wearable Devices”. The search was restricted to studies published between 31 December 2019, and 8 July 2022, as the universal occurred all along this period.  All types of articles accompanying the keywords “COVID-19”, “Diagnosis”, and “Wearable Devices” were screened. Four reviewers alone screened the articles against the fitness criteria and elicited the data utilizing a data charting form. A total of 56 items were on listening, of which 28 included SpO2 as a limit. Although wearable devices are active in the continuous monitoring of COVID-19 cases, further research on actual inmates is necessary to determine the effectiveness and effectiveness of wearable electronics before policymakers can mandate its use. Although research on the belongings of remote patient listening with pulse oximetry and signs of life on health consequences is lacking, wearable devices have the potential to preserve hospital possessions for patients who power benefit most from care intensification.

Author(s) Details:

Shizuko Takahashi,
Department of Biomedical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan and Sanno Medical Center, 8-5-35 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan.

Eisuke Nakazawa,
Department of Biomedical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Sakurako Ichinohe,
Department of Biomedical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Aru Akabayashi,
Department of Biomedical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Akira Akabayashi,
Department of Biomedical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V3/article/view/9913

An Advanced Study of Health Status among School Going Adolescents in South India | Chapter 2 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

Introduction: The duration of adolescence is important for human growth and maturation. In India, teenagers are 21.4 percent of the population (10-19 years), which accounts for one fifth of the total population. The health and nutritional status of children in the country is a significant index of national investment in developing their future workforce. In order to maintain good adult health, achieving optimal growth during teenage age is very necessary. Many children's health issues may be identified through the availability of school health services. Via daily school surveys, we can treat and avoid many severe problems in children. The current research was conducted in South India to determine the health status and morbidity trend of school-going adolescents in urban areas.

Materials and Methods: The current research was performed in 2010 in 3 urban schools in the community medicine department's field practice district. A team of physicians, social workers and school teachers evaluated all children in these schools in the age range of 10 to 19 years of age.

Results: There were 210 adolescents participating in the present research. Of these, 72(34.29%) were girls and 138 (65.71%) were boys. 53.33 percent of the adolescents were considered to be normal and 46.67 percent were malnourished, according to the weight for age criterion. It was found by adding height to age requirements that 32.86 percent of teenagers were stunted with boys suffering more than 66.67 percent compared to 33.3 percent of girls. Of all health issues, the dental caries were the most common (41.90 percent).

Conclusion: The study found that teenagers had poor health and nutritional status. In developing countries, including India, nutrition is a prevalent public health issue worldwide. For adequate growth and development of the child, proper nutrition is required. A weekly and periodic health check-up with organized adolescent nutrition efforts, along with oriented health education, would improve the health and nutritional status of these schools in the future for adolescents.

Author(s) Details

Dr.  Pravin N. Yerpude
Department of Community Medicine, Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chhindwara(M.P.), India.

Dr. Keerti S. Jogdand
Department of Community Medicine, Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chhindwara(M.P.), India.

Mohini Jogdand
Department of Community Medicine, SRTR Medical College & Hospital, Ambajogai, Maharashtra, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CDHR-V5/issue/view/7

The Impact of Palliative Care on Health Status in HIV-Positive Children | Chapter 11 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

HIV-positive children in sub-Saharan Africa have numerous challenges to overcome. These challenges increase psychosocial stress as well as symptom burden including fatigue, weight loss, pain, and mental changes. The symptoms may persist even after initiation of antiretroviral therapy, so such children need additional care. Palliative care lays emphasis on holistic patient-centered care, including physical, psychological, social, and spiritual symptoms, alongside antiretroviral therapy. There is limited data on the impact of integrating palliative care with standard HIV care and treatment in children. The purpose of this study was to fill the gap in the literature by investigating the impact of palliative care on health status in HIV-positive children on antiretroviral therapy. The theoretical framework was based on the humanistic nursing theory. According to study results, children receiving palliative care alongside antiretroviral therapy have better physical and psychosocial health compared to children receiving only antiretroviral therapy. Increasing age was a contributing factor to better psychosocial and physical health in patients receiving palliative care. Emotional, social, and school functioning are important factors that determine treatment outcomes in children on antiretroviral therapy, and addressing those factors through palliative care will create a positive social change by improving treatment outcomes, quality of life, and longevity. 

Author(s) Details

Dr. Aabid A. Ahmed,
Bomu Hospital, Mombasa, Kenya.

Vasileios Margaritis,
School of Health Sciences, Walden University, USA.

Aaron Mendelsohn
 School of Health Sciences, Walden University, USA.

Dr. Hellen Kariuki,
University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/203