The Promotion of Entrepreneurship as Catalyst for Inclusive Industrialization in South Africa | Chapter 13 | Economics and Entrepreneurship: The Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Business and Management Dynamics (ICBMD), Edition 1

Entrepreneurship has long been recognized as a critical driver of economic growth, job creation, and innovation, particularly in the context of developing countries. In South Africa, entrepreneurship holds significant promise as a key component for fostering inclusive industrialization and advancing socio-economic development. The promotion of entrepreneurship within the industrialization agenda has the potential to empower marginalized communities, promote equitable access to economic opportunities, and drive sustainable economic growth. Despite the recognized importance of entrepreneurship in fostering inclusive industrialization, South Africa continues to face significant challenges in harnessing the full potential of entrepreneurship for economic development. Therefore, this study aims to assess the existing body of literature on the promotion of entrepreneurship as a catalyst for inclusive industrialization in South Africa. Specifically, seeking to identify key themes, challenges, and opportunities related to the integration of entrepreneurship into industrialization strategies in South Africa. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to ensure transparency, rigor, and reproducibility. A comprehensive search of multiple electronic databases, including Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Sabinet, Education Resources Information Centre (ERIC), Journal Storage (JSTOR), and EBSCOhost, were conducted to identify relevant studies published between 2020-224. Key themes identified include the role of entrepreneurship in job creation, economic empowerment, and innovation within the industrialization context. The results highlighted the challenges such as access to finance, regulatory barriers, skills shortages, and market access constraints faced by entrepreneurs in South Africa. Additionally, the results identified opportunities for enhancing entrepreneurship through policy interventions, capacity-building initiatives, and stakeholder collaborations to foster inclusive industrial development. The study recommends the need for targeted policy interventions to address barriers to entrepreneurship, such as improving access to finance, streamlining regulatory processes, and enhancing skills development programs.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Mpubane Emanuel Matlala
Durban University of Technology, South Africa.

 

Thandukwazi Richman Ncube
Durban University of Technology, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49238-53-4/CH13

Transient Primary Bone Marrow Edema Syndrome - Systematic Review and Proposal for a Management Protocol | Chapter 5 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

Background: Transient primary bone marrow edema syndrome (TPBMES), a set of conditions affecting weight-bearing joints, mostly of the lower limbs, presents acutely with severe local pain, disproportionate to the physical findings. This disease is designated by an array of terms, not all of which are in the consensus. But they seem to refer to a single disease entity, whether the hips, the knees, or the foot and ankle are affected, singly, bilaterally, or in a migratory pattern. The diagnosis of bone marrow edema of a temporary nature is based on the MRI. Moreover, systemic osteoporosis has been detected in association with some cases of TPBMES, but the significance of this combined occurrence is not clear. Moreover, whether "migratory" TPBMES represents a more aggressive expression of the disease is not yet settled.

Objectives: This study was initiated to resolve the numerous ambiguities concerning this disease entity.

Data Sources: A search in PubMed looking for TPBMES or equivalent terms.

Study Eligibility Criteria: Single or isolated case reports were excluded. Two reviews were excluded as they did not agree with the basic classification of the entity. Inclusion criteria of patients: a history of sudden onset of pain in the affected joint, in the absence of more than minimal trauma, and confirmation of bone marrow edema by MRI and follow-up evidence of the resolution, as shown by MRI. Exclusion criteria of patients: insidious onset of pain and evidence of avascular necrosis, infection, significant trauma of bone, stress fractures, or inflammatory arthropathy, based on the MRI and the laboratory. Remote studies were not based on the MRI.

Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods: Based on a review featuring 141 patients, several clinical, radiological and pathological data were extracted into an all-inclusive table (not shown). Four tables were built thereof. Tables 2-4 were conceived to summarize independently all the variables in every recognized form of TPBMES (see Table 1). The association between TPBMES and systemic osteoporosis is shown in an additional table.

Results: Table 2 features the demographic and clinical studies, as distributed among the different TPBMES subtypes. A total of 546 patients were assigned mainly to 342 TOH patients, most of them males. Next, were 105 patients with TOH of pregnancy. A lesser subset was composed of 49 F&A patients, mainly women. Table 3 shows the allocation of clinical features and risk factors to TPBMES subsets. Pain was by far the most frequent symptom. Subchondral fractures were detected in TOH and TOH of pregnancy. Overweight and vitamin D deficiency have been suggested as additional risk factors. Table 4 depicts the treatment and follow-up of TPBMES patients. Bisphosphonates have been recommended for TOH and "migratory" osteoporosis patients. Tables 5 and 6 demonstrate the interaction between TPBMES and systemic osteoporosis and with migratory osteoporosis, highlighting the common self-limited nature of TPBMES, as well as the frequently extended course of this combined occurrence.

Limitations: See Fig. 1.

Conclusions: The different subsets in the TPBMES classification have several features in common, notably an MRI-based diagnosis and a self-limited outcome, even in the absence of modern therapy. Thus, they should be considered as belonging to a single disease entity, with some variable traits. Of note, a tendency for TPBMES to be associated with systemic osteoporosis, sometimes in addition to a "migratory" pattern, has been reported in conjunction with an abnormally extended course of the disease. These are the patients who raised our concern and who evoked the necessity for a therapeutic intervention to limit their suffering (see suggested management protocol, Fig. 2).

Author(s) Details:

Nissim Ohana,
Department of Architecture, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.


Dimitri Sheinis
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Soroka University Medical Center, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.


Daniel Benharroch
Department of Pathology, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.

Please see the link here: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nvmms/v8/115

Impact of Job Stress on Psychological Distress, Cardiovascular Risk, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and Musculoskeletal Pain in Professionals: A Cross-sectional Study | Chapter 5 | Recent Research Advances in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 4

Introduction: Job-related stress has become a critical concern due to its detrimental effects on both mental and physical health. This study investigates the correlations between job stress, mental health outcomes and physical pain outcomes in professionals from various industries.

Methodology: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 400 participants. We utilised validated instruments to measure job stress, mental health outcomes, and physical pain outcomes. Statistical analysis employed regression analysis to examine the relationships between job stress and health outcomes.

Results: Job stress was positively associated with all mental health and physical pain outcomes. Burnout emerged as the strongest predictor of mental health issues, while job stress directly contributed to all three physical pain types.

Limitations: The cross-sectional design limits causal inferences. Future longitudinal studies can strengthen the understanding of these relationships. The relatively small sample size might affect the generalizability of findings.

Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the significant interplay between job stress, mental health, and physical pain. Workplace interventions targeting stress reduction and burnout prevention are crucial to promote employee well-being and combat the harmful effects of job stress.

Author(s) Details:

Hanafiah Hasin,
Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi, MARA, Cawangan, Melaka, Kampus Alor Gajah, Malaysia.

Yang Chik Johari,
Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi, MARA, Cawangan, Melaka, Kampus Alor Gajah, Malaysia.

Anita Jamil,
Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi, MARA, Cawangan, Melaka, Kampus Alor Gajah, Malaysia.

Enylina Nordin,
Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi, MARA, Cawangan, Melaka, Kampus Alor Gajah, Malaysia.

Wan Shafizah Hussein,
Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi, MARA, Cawangan, Melaka, Kampus Alor Gajah, Malaysia.

Siti Fatimah Noor Minhad,
Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi, MARA, Cawangan, Melaka, Kampus Alor Gajah, Malaysia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RRAASS-V4/article/view/13054

Assessing the Relationship between Vitamin D Supplementation and COVID-19 Risk: A Comprehensive Review | Chapter 9 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 The Experience Health Organization (The one) has officially classification COVID-19 as a global pandemic, chief to a significant disaster in global public health. Source of nourishment D is emerging as a crucial minor element under investigation for allure potential to prevent and mitigate the impact of COVID-19. Practical studies have revealed an inverse connection between antitoxin 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the risk and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The importance of vitamin D in the framework of COVID-19 can be attributed to various pathways, including its function in modulating immune and instigative responses, regulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone order, and participating in level of glucose in blood metabolism and cardiovascular health. Evidence implies that vitamin D supplementation may humiliate the risk of severe ailment progression in COVID-19 patients. This orderly review aims to identify and combine pertinent literature concerning this and to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the potential impact of vitamin D inadequacy on the COVID-19 status and well-being outcomes of individuals accompanying the virus.

Author(s) Details:

Sowjanya Pulipati,
Department of Pharmaceutics, Vignan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi, Guntur-522213, Andhra Pradesh, India.

A. Veenadevi,
Department of Pharmaceutics, Vignan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi, Guntur-522213, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Surya Prabha Matangi,
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vignan's Foundation for Sciences, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur-522213, Andhra Pradesh, India.

K. Preethi,
Department of Pharmaceutics, Vignan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi, Guntur-522213, Andhra Pradesh, India.

P. Srinivasa Babu,
Department of Pharmaceutics, Vignan Pharmacy College, Vadlamudi, Guntur-522213, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V3/article/view/12702

A Systemic Review on the Effect of WeChat Implementation on Learner Autonomy | Chapter 5 | Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 7

 The following research questions search out be addressed similarly the goals of this review. 1) Why have prior research on WeChat mobile ploys and learner independence produced inconsistent results? 2) How does the use of WeChat influence the autonomy of learners? The most of students in China have smartphones and WeChat accounts cause to the country's rapid mechanics advancement and the app's climbing popularity. One of the most well-known social television platforms in China is immediately WeChat. Reviewing earlier research to determine the being and effects of merging WeChat into the classroom in order to increase beginner autonomy would accordingly be a wise beginning for future investigation. Hence, this article orderly reviewed research items that explored the effect of WeChat exercise to enhance learner independence by especially concentrating on the research design, findings, and the impact of using WeChat as a science-based design in the classroom on trainee autonomy. The findings from this review are detached due to the contradictory research methods and the variety of participants. Several implications are fatigued from this review. In particular, future researchers are heartened to carry out more rigorous studies accompanying well-established mechanisms and be more specific concerning how the implementation of WeChat corrects learner independence.

Author(s) Details:

Xianxin Hui,
Chongqing Youth Vocational & Technical College, Chongqing, China.

Zhifang Liu,
Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.

Lingjie Tang,
School of Foreign Studies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACST-V7/article/view/12202

Youth in the Northern Cape, South Africa, Engage in High-risk Behaviors Such as Drinking and Using Drugs | Chapter 6 | Recent Trends in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 3

 The objective having to do with this study is to present not only appropriate requirements border on again Analysis of Modifications in Current Land Law. Land use master plans and plans are molded at the national, provincial, and section levels, conference the necessities of the exercise of the Strategy for speedy and sustainable socio-monetary development. Under the Land Law, United States of America of america be going to compensate land users honorable for compensation for land bettering. Subject to land chance, local authorities capability select rectification in land bearing the unchanging land use purpose or in services planned in accordance with the indicated land price of the type of recovered land.  This is planned a major progress operating of land management and use, plotting a fundamental change in land finance issues.

Author(s) Details:

John Motsamai Modise,
South African Police Service, South Africa.

Kishore Raga,
Nelson Mandela University, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTASS-V3/article/view/10900

Wearable Technology for Monitoring Respiratory Rate and SpO2 of COVID-19 Patients | Chapter 4 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

 This review surveyed the indicators of COVID-19 following, such as vitals, respiring condition, temperature, oxygen satiation (SpO2), and activity levels using wearable instruments. With a significant number of unexpected home deaths reported general due to coronavirus affliction 2019 (COVID-19), wearable technology has emerged as a design for monitoring this contamination. This systematic review used PubMed as the table, with the keywords “COVID-19”, “Diagnosis”, and “Wearable Devices”. The search was restricted to studies published between 31 December 2019, and 8 July 2022, as the universal occurred all along this period.  All types of articles accompanying the keywords “COVID-19”, “Diagnosis”, and “Wearable Devices” were screened. Four reviewers alone screened the articles against the fitness criteria and elicited the data utilizing a data charting form. A total of 56 items were on listening, of which 28 included SpO2 as a limit. Although wearable devices are active in the continuous monitoring of COVID-19 cases, further research on actual inmates is necessary to determine the effectiveness and effectiveness of wearable electronics before policymakers can mandate its use. Although research on the belongings of remote patient listening with pulse oximetry and signs of life on health consequences is lacking, wearable devices have the potential to preserve hospital possessions for patients who power benefit most from care intensification.

Author(s) Details:

Shizuko Takahashi,
Department of Biomedical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan and Sanno Medical Center, 8-5-35 Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan.

Eisuke Nakazawa,
Department of Biomedical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Sakurako Ichinohe,
Department of Biomedical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Aru Akabayashi,
Department of Biomedical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Akira Akabayashi,
Department of Biomedical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V3/article/view/9913

Eye Movement Metrics as Indicator of Cognitive Loading: A Systematic Review | Chapter 01 | Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 2

 The mental effort expended in working memory to complete a task is referred to as cognitive load. Task difficulty rises when task complexity rises, using more cognitive resources and resulting in higher cognitive load. Cognitive overload has an impact on not just physical and mental health, but also job efficiency and safety. Quantifying cognitive load is therefore significant in domains such as education, vehicle driving, product creation, human-computer interface, diverse businesses, and military workstations. This review article examines previous studies in order to determine the most appropriate and practical way for evaluating and interpreting cognitive burden in a specific activity. Physiological metrics are more practical than subjective, behavioural, or physiological measures because they provide rapid quantification of cognitive load in a particular timeframe with greater accuracy.

Author(S) Details

Deepti Majumdar
Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Delhi, 110054, India.

Kiran Mondal
Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Delhi, 110054, India and Centre for Systems Biology & Bioinformatics, UIEAST, Panjab Univ. Chandigarh, 160014, India.

Tammanna R. Sahrawat
Centre for Systems Biology & Bioinformatics, UIEAST, Panjab Univ. Chandigarh, 160014, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RABS-V2/article/view/6701

A Therapeutic Application of Systematic Review with Meta-analysis: Epigenetic Analysis Tools and Cancer’s Therapy Assessment | Book Publisher International

 Epigenetics will produce a plethora of novel biomarkers to aid in the refinement of cancer therapies and patient drug response; they can be utilised as markers to predict clinical outcome and the likelihood of relapse after chemotherapies.

According to a Prisma flow chart, a total of 1302 articles were retrieved, 151 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 47 studies with low to moderate quality were found to be eligible and involved in systematic review as a qualitative phase, while only 19 studies with moderate quality met the meta-analysis criteria, with a total of 6,086 patients from more than 25 countries.

Only two epigenetic alterations, DNA methylation and histone modifications, were employed to assess the response outcomes of cancer therapy, according to a comprehensive study. DNA methylation was discovered to be the most well-known epigenetic change, which was linked to either better or worse outcomes based on the connected gene, which might be oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes.

The epigenetic DNA methylation has a tendency to predict outcomes (HR= 0.603, CI= 0.462-0.788) in distinct cancer types treated with chemotherapeutic drugs, surgery, and radiotherapy, according to both fixed and random meta-analysis models. However, there were reports of substantial heterogeneity and publication bias. The reasons for heterogeneity were investigated using sub-groups analysis, and they appear to be linked to clinical and methodological variations among the studies.

The first grouping, oncogene methylation or DNA repair gene methylation, exhibited improved cancer patient outcome prediction (HR= 0.5, CI= 0.45-0.55), with minimal publication bias and heterogeneity (Q= 25.24, and I2 = 40.58 percent) among the studies. The second subgroup found that methylation of tumour suppressor genes was linked to poorer outcomes (HR= 2.07, CI= 1.77-2.43), with no heterogeneity (Q= 1.73, and I2 = 0.00) between studies.

Our findings revealed that methylation of the MGMT gene promoter was a strong outcomes predictor (HR=0.528, CI= 0.493-0.566) of cancer patients, particularly when alkylating chemotherapeutic agents were used with or without radiotherapy. Furthermore, the correlation of MGMT with overall survival revealed that methylation of the MGMT promoter was a good predictive biomarker of cancer therapies. These results had minimal heterogeneity (Q= 28.35, and I2= 43.57), and there was no evidence of publication bias.

The three sensitivity analysis techniques for MGMT-promoter methylation as a good predictive biomarker; statistical models, one study removal, and study design revealed that the pooled effect did not differ when the statistical models (fixed or random) of meta-analysis, or one study removal analysis, or study design change were changed.

Regarding the use of epigenetic tools in cancer therapy assessment, large articles with varied designs were dispersed over 13% of the global countries, representing around 6000 patients of low to moderate quality.

Due to clinical and methodological variability among the research, meta-analysis corroborated the systematic review findings regarding DNA-methylation as the best epigenetic tool with substantial heterogeneity and publication bias.

Finally, we conclude that MGMT gene methylation can be used as a predictive biomarker for cancer therapies and is associated with improved overall survival. These findings were not based on a single study and were not affected by changes in statistical models or study designs. Additionally, the unpublished or unretrieved studies in our review had no effect on the findings.

Author(S) Detalis

Hind Mohammed Osman Khalifa
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, P.O. Box 382, Omdurman, Sudan.

Aimun Abdelgaffar Elhassan Ahmed
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 382, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, P.O. Box 1988, KSA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ATASRMEATCTA/article/view/3734