Towards an Effective Communication in Kenyan Long-Term Disease Patients' Care via Cybernetic- A Systematic Review | Chapter 1 | Science and Technology: Recent Updates and Future Prospects Vol. 9

 

In this paper, to effectively treat chronic disorders and improve the standard of care, effective communication between patients and healthcare professionals is essential. The aim of the study was to review the literature on how good communication might improve treatment outcomes for Kenyan patients with chronic and terminal illnesses and to determine whether Cybernetic electronic communication can improve those outcomes even more. The word Cybernetics comes from the Greek word, kybernetes, meaning rudder, pilot, a device used to steer a boat or to support human governance. Cybernetics is concerned with concepts at the core of understanding complex systems such as learning, cognition, adaptation, emergence, communication, and efficiency. We uncovered the history of treatment outcomes for chronic and terminal dis-eases in this research study, both with and without communication at the core of the patient’s care plan. We discussed the importance of good communication in the treatment of patients with chronic and terminal illnesses and why it is a momentous endeavor comparable to medical diagnosis and treatment for the long-term health of patients. To locate pertinent material for the background literature study, we carried out a comprehensive literature search. Although the preliminary literature review was a continuation of the introduction research, it also highlighted the paucity of local Kenyan literature and suggested that improved communication might help patients with chronic and terminal illnesses have better treatment outcomes. Methodology maintained the literature search, as a systematic literature review focused on the core of the study, making separate sections of the same body necessary. This ensured that a methodological literature search section is as comprehensive as possible. We used an integrated PRISM model to limit a comprehensive literature search and a systematic literature review design as part of the overall process. Non-probability sampling and snowball approaches on literary pa-pers over the previous 17 years were used in this arrangement. Since this was a multidisciplinary study, the four experts who also serve as authors were chosen from within their respective fields of expertise to design the study. They created search strategies, generated key words, looked up keywords in database engines, assessed the results of the literature using the PRISMA logical model, looked over successful literature, and triangulated their findings. The conclusions of the experts individually revealed a convergence of thoughts, beliefs, and practices. The study concluded that even though there isn’t much research done in Kenya on the same subject; what is available illustrates how crucial good communication is for patients with chronic illnesses. The study’s findings also highlighted the positive effects of effective communication between patients and healthcare professionals on treatment plan adherence, patient satisfaction, and overall health outcomes. The findings stated that to ensure truly effective communication at the center of care to patients with long-term disease, then adoption and integration of Cybernetics is supreme. The results also noted that in order to improve patient care and outcomes, Kenyan healthcare workers should underscore developing their communication skills. The study also found that the incorporation of cybernetics is crucial if truly effective communication is required so as to enable centered care for patients with long-term diseases in Kenya. The goal of Cybernetics is to activate genuinely effective communication in the care of Patients with long-term disease in Kenya. This study is organized by beginning with an abstract, followed by keywords, an introduction, literature review, methodology, findings, discussion, and finally conclusions.

 

Author(s) Details

Christopher Oyuech Otieno
Department of Computer Science, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya

 

Martha W. Kiarie Makar
Department of Computer Science, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya

 

Naomi N. James
Department of Computer Science, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya

 

Grace Mbogo Liyai
Department of Computer Science, Daystar University, Nairobi, Kenya.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/strufp/v9/1020

Serum Zinc Levels as a Potential Predictive Marker for Hepatic Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis | Chapter 6 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

Introduction: Zinc, a crucial trace element in the human body, plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes due to its involvement in enzyme structure and function. Its significance in health and disease, particularly in liver disorders and cancer, has gained attention. However, inconsistencies exist in literature regarding zinc levels and their association with hepatic carcinomas.

Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA guidelines to analyze the relationship between serum zinc levels and hepatic cancer. Data were extracted from epidemiological studies retrieved from NLM-PubMed databases. Inclusion criteria involved studies assessing blood zinc levels' association with liver cancer and providing mean values with standard deviation.

Results: Seven eligible studies were included, showing significant heterogeneity. The combined average zinc level in hepatic carcinoma patients was 74.06 µg/dL (95% CI: 61.0 - 87.06), indicating a substantial deviation from normal levels. Publication bias was observed.

Conclusion: The meta-analysis underscores the importance of zinc in liver cancer risk assessment and disease progression. Lower than expected pooled zinc levels in hepatic carcinoma patients highlight its potential as a predictive marker for liver malignancies and chronic liver diseases. Further research is warranted to elucidate zinc's precise role and clinical implications in hepatic carcinogenesis.

 

Author(s) Details:

Abhishek Bansal,
Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B D Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, HR, India.

Praveen Prashant,
Department of Biochemistry, Pt. B D Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, HR, India.

Pragya Dixit,
ESI Health Care Haryana, ESI Hospital Panipat, HR, India.

Sonia Vashist,
Department of Dermatology, Tripti Hospital, Rohak, HR, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V1/article/view/13655

Prediabetes Tests for Predicting Progression to Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis and Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation | Chapter 4 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

Background: The natural history of type 2 diabetes may begin when normoglycemia changes to prediabetes. However, the progression from prediabetes to diabetes can be prevented. Each test for identifying prediabetes uses different detection methods and may predict the progression to diabetes differently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost for every future case of diabetes detected as prediabetes by capillary glucose, fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, and glycated hemoglobin (A1c), and the glycemic assessment for prediction of progression to diabetes.

Methods: A meta-analysis of published cohort studies with enough data in the articles to estimate sensitivity and specificity to predict diabetes comparing the subjects with prediabetes in relation to normoglycemic subjects at baseline measurement was conducted. The meta-analysis was followed by a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Results: The combined sensitivities were: capillary glucose 62%, fasting plasma glucose 63%, A1c 67%, oral glucose tolerance test 70%, and the combination of fasting plasma glucose and A1c 83%. At the highest prevalence of prediabetes (≥ 120 mg/dl postprandial capillary glucose), the cost by case detected by the combination of fasting plasma glucose and A1c is cheaper than the A1c alone and the glucose tolerance test, and more expensive than the capillary glucose and the fasting glucose alone.

Conclusions: We recommend the capillary glucose and the combination of fasting plasma glucose and A1c tests to identify prediabetes which will progress to diabetes. In order to save budget, screening could be performed first with capillary glucose, and after diagnosing, with fasting glucose and A1c performed simultaneously.

 

Author(s) Details:

Lizbeth Ixchel Díaz Trejo,
Secretaría de Salud, Mexico.

Rita Angélica Gómez-Díaz,
Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico.

Guillermo Salinas Escudero,
Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico.

Martha Soledad Ramiro Mendoza,
Secretaría de Salud, Mexico.

Niels Hansen Wacher Rodarte,
Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V1/article/view/13653

The Significance of Oral Fusobacterium nucleatum in Female Breast Cancer: A Brief Overview | Chapter 2 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 This orderly review and meta-analysis implies a important relationship between spoken FN species and their role in female-distinguishing BC pathogenesis, highlighting their biography- marker potentiality. The most low cancer in the world, feelings cancer has an increasing occurrence and is more likely to affect postpubertal women from all racial and ethnic upbringing. Recent findings of spoken Fusobacterium nucleatum species in cancerous human conscience tissue have highlighted the significance of microbes in the pathogenesis of cancer.  This orderly review was created in accordance with the chosen reporting system for orderly reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). AXIS form analysis revealed 78.70% of items with a positive equivalence between oral Fusobacterium nucleatum and female-particular breast cancer. The risk of feelings cancer development raised with significant levels of spoken Fusobacterium nucleatum due to gingivitis/ periodontitis (relative risk = 1.78, 95% assurance interval = 1.63–1.91). Low-moderate statistical variety was found (I2 = 41.39%; P = 0.02), and the importance of periodontal rank on breast cancer pathogenesis was persistent (relative risk = 1.24, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.30). Oral Fusobacterium nucleatum class are a risk factor for breast tumor development, accordingly elevating their biomarker potentiality. Our judgments increase understanding of the complexities of this friendship with regard to adult female populations and grant permission be able to lower/prevent the risk of BC growth globally, fundamentally changing the course of both healing and dental prognostics.

Author(s) Details:

Fariah I. Gaba,
Mondzorg Scheveningen Private Dental Clinic, Renbaanstraat 75, 2586 EZ, The Hague, The Netherlands.

Raquel Carcelen Gonzalez,
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Cardenal Herrera UCH-CEU. Valencia, Spain.

Raquel Gonzalez Martinez,
Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences. University Cardenal Herrera UCH-CEU, Valencia, Spain.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V4/article/view/9831

Study on Meta-Analysis of Heavy Metal Partitioning and Allocation Plasticity of Nicotiana glauca Graham (Solanaceae)| Chapter 5 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol.10

Background: Heavy metal toxicity in contaminated settings generated a variety of physiological stress responses, resulting in damage to biological components like membranes, proteins, and DNA. Nicotiana glauca is an Egyptian invasive plant with a contradictory trend, making it difficult to assess its environmental contamination stance

The goal of this study was to explore phytomass, heavy metal concentrations, molecular expression (RAPD), and heavy metal (HM) partitioning and allocation plasticity in N. glauca using regular statistical as well as Meta-analyses (Box and Whisker plot and Pearson correlation coefficient).

The maximum heavy metal partitioning ranged from 1.15 for Mn to 9.03 for Cd, with both BCF and TF being more than one. Except for Ni in the root and Cd in the shoot, all metals showed a 100 percent significant connection in all sites. In comparison to BCF, TF, and PEC, copper had a wider interquartile range. Although all sites had a high GTS percent, site 10 had the most total number of bands and the greatest GTS percent, as well as the lowest proportion of polymorphism. Site 1, on the other hand, has the largest percentage of polymorphism and distinct bands.

Conclusion: A meta-analysis demonstrated that Nicotiana glauca is a hyperaccumulator species capable of accumulating large levels of heavy metals and adapting to polluted settings without undergoing significant genetic alterations.

 

Author(s) Details:

Salama Mohamed El-Darier,
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21511, Alexandria, Egypt.


Ream Ibrahim Marzouk,
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21511, Alexandria, Egypt.


Shimaa Abdel Razek Rashed,
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21511, Alexandria, Egypt.

 

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V10/article/view/5984

A Therapeutic Application of Systematic Review with Meta-analysis: Epigenetic Analysis Tools and Cancer’s Therapy Assessment | Book Publisher International

 Epigenetics will produce a plethora of novel biomarkers to aid in the refinement of cancer therapies and patient drug response; they can be utilised as markers to predict clinical outcome and the likelihood of relapse after chemotherapies.

According to a Prisma flow chart, a total of 1302 articles were retrieved, 151 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 47 studies with low to moderate quality were found to be eligible and involved in systematic review as a qualitative phase, while only 19 studies with moderate quality met the meta-analysis criteria, with a total of 6,086 patients from more than 25 countries.

Only two epigenetic alterations, DNA methylation and histone modifications, were employed to assess the response outcomes of cancer therapy, according to a comprehensive study. DNA methylation was discovered to be the most well-known epigenetic change, which was linked to either better or worse outcomes based on the connected gene, which might be oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes.

The epigenetic DNA methylation has a tendency to predict outcomes (HR= 0.603, CI= 0.462-0.788) in distinct cancer types treated with chemotherapeutic drugs, surgery, and radiotherapy, according to both fixed and random meta-analysis models. However, there were reports of substantial heterogeneity and publication bias. The reasons for heterogeneity were investigated using sub-groups analysis, and they appear to be linked to clinical and methodological variations among the studies.

The first grouping, oncogene methylation or DNA repair gene methylation, exhibited improved cancer patient outcome prediction (HR= 0.5, CI= 0.45-0.55), with minimal publication bias and heterogeneity (Q= 25.24, and I2 = 40.58 percent) among the studies. The second subgroup found that methylation of tumour suppressor genes was linked to poorer outcomes (HR= 2.07, CI= 1.77-2.43), with no heterogeneity (Q= 1.73, and I2 = 0.00) between studies.

Our findings revealed that methylation of the MGMT gene promoter was a strong outcomes predictor (HR=0.528, CI= 0.493-0.566) of cancer patients, particularly when alkylating chemotherapeutic agents were used with or without radiotherapy. Furthermore, the correlation of MGMT with overall survival revealed that methylation of the MGMT promoter was a good predictive biomarker of cancer therapies. These results had minimal heterogeneity (Q= 28.35, and I2= 43.57), and there was no evidence of publication bias.

The three sensitivity analysis techniques for MGMT-promoter methylation as a good predictive biomarker; statistical models, one study removal, and study design revealed that the pooled effect did not differ when the statistical models (fixed or random) of meta-analysis, or one study removal analysis, or study design change were changed.

Regarding the use of epigenetic tools in cancer therapy assessment, large articles with varied designs were dispersed over 13% of the global countries, representing around 6000 patients of low to moderate quality.

Due to clinical and methodological variability among the research, meta-analysis corroborated the systematic review findings regarding DNA-methylation as the best epigenetic tool with substantial heterogeneity and publication bias.

Finally, we conclude that MGMT gene methylation can be used as a predictive biomarker for cancer therapies and is associated with improved overall survival. These findings were not based on a single study and were not affected by changes in statistical models or study designs. Additionally, the unpublished or unretrieved studies in our review had no effect on the findings.

Author(S) Detalis

Hind Mohammed Osman Khalifa
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, P.O. Box 382, Omdurman, Sudan.

Aimun Abdelgaffar Elhassan Ahmed
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 382, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, P.O. Box 1988, KSA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ATASRMEATCTA/article/view/3734