Pattern of Dyslipidemia among Prediabetics of Karnataka State, South India: A Cross Sectional Study |Chapter 4 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 6

This study aims to explore the possibility of the existence of dyslipidemia among prediabetics in Karnataka state south India and to identify the risk factor(s) if any, for the onset of diabetes. Hyperglycemia can be determined by the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value which indicates the blood glucose level over the past three months. A cross-sectional study involving 310 individuals in Bangalore, Karnataka State, South India from the period of February 2022 to March 2024 was considered for the study. Within the lipid profile, Total cholesterol (TC), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and the ratio of TC to HDL displayed statistically significant differences between the means of the population of healthy nondiabetics and prediabetics. So, testing of TC, HDL and TC to HDL ratio at regular intervals for prediabetics should be made mandatory, as they fall in the risk category for developing type 2 Diabetes and this regular screening of TC,  HDL and TC to HDL ratio will prevent prediabetics from progressing into type2 diabetes later on. It is a well-known fact that the HbA1c level as a predicting factor differs among races and ethnicities as the rate of glycation and RBC life span differs among racial and ethnic groups. Regarding demographic factors, abdominal obesity was found to be statistically significantly associated with prediabetes. Prediabetics should implement a regular exercise regime to prevent themselves from becoming diabetics in their later years.

 

Author (s) Details

Rao Sujatha N
Department of Biochemistry, AECS Maruthi Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v6/2131

Prediabetes Tests for Predicting Progression to Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis and Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation | Chapter 4 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

Background: The natural history of type 2 diabetes may begin when normoglycemia changes to prediabetes. However, the progression from prediabetes to diabetes can be prevented. Each test for identifying prediabetes uses different detection methods and may predict the progression to diabetes differently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost for every future case of diabetes detected as prediabetes by capillary glucose, fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, and glycated hemoglobin (A1c), and the glycemic assessment for prediction of progression to diabetes.

Methods: A meta-analysis of published cohort studies with enough data in the articles to estimate sensitivity and specificity to predict diabetes comparing the subjects with prediabetes in relation to normoglycemic subjects at baseline measurement was conducted. The meta-analysis was followed by a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Results: The combined sensitivities were: capillary glucose 62%, fasting plasma glucose 63%, A1c 67%, oral glucose tolerance test 70%, and the combination of fasting plasma glucose and A1c 83%. At the highest prevalence of prediabetes (≥ 120 mg/dl postprandial capillary glucose), the cost by case detected by the combination of fasting plasma glucose and A1c is cheaper than the A1c alone and the glucose tolerance test, and more expensive than the capillary glucose and the fasting glucose alone.

Conclusions: We recommend the capillary glucose and the combination of fasting plasma glucose and A1c tests to identify prediabetes which will progress to diabetes. In order to save budget, screening could be performed first with capillary glucose, and after diagnosing, with fasting glucose and A1c performed simultaneously.

 

Author(s) Details:

Lizbeth Ixchel Díaz Trejo,
Secretaría de Salud, Mexico.

Rita Angélica Gómez-Díaz,
Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico.

Guillermo Salinas Escudero,
Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico.

Martha Soledad Ramiro Mendoza,
Secretaría de Salud, Mexico.

Niels Hansen Wacher Rodarte,
Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V1/article/view/13653

Basic Understanding of Concept of Diathesis and Approach of Management of Diabetes Mellitus through Ayurveda | Chapter 21 | Socio-Scientific Interaction in Diabetes and Cancer and Its Management

 Prediabetes & diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major metabolic disorders in which faulty lifestyle play significant role in the genesis as well as diathesis of this disease. Recent years have shown significantly rising trend of Prediabetes and diabetes mellitus all over the world. It is a serious medical condition and considered as grey area between normal one and diabetes mellitus. Worldwide more than 300 million people are at increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus but they are unaware of it. American Diabetic Association (ADA) on 27th march, 2002 gave the term Prediabetes. Such types of patients are at risk for not only developing Type-2 Diabetes mellitus, but also risk for macro & micro-vascular complications. The progression into diabetes mellitus from Prediabetes is approximately 25% over 3 to 5 years. It is amazing that 7 century B.C. Ayurvedic texts have been vividly described the etio-pathogenesis, classification, prognosis, complication and management of prediabetes and diabetes with highly evolved manner, which is well comparable to the latest development in this field.  At one side, Ayurveda conceived the idea of high caloric diet and sedentary habit as important causative factors for Apathyanittaja Prameha and other side genetic/hereditary factors for Sahaja/Jata Prameha. The primary one is very similar to prediabetes and Type-2 diabetes mellitus of conventional biomedical science. The patients of Prameha are believed to possess impaired Agni and depleted Ojas status i.e. hypo-metabolic and immunocompromised state. At present, the primary goal is not only to achieve euglycemia but also to minimize its further progression to type-2 DM and its associated complications. The management of prediabetes is still evolving in the biomedical science. In-spite of many advances in the understanding and management of prediabetes & DM and its consequences remains unsatisfactory and challenging. This seeks great attention from the present-day practitioners and researchers to evaluate the present status of this mega health event. Thus, the present concept will provide a new lead to the understanding of prediabetes & DM and its management through Ayurveda.

Author(s) Details:

Ajai Kumar Pandey,
Department of Kayachikitsa, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.

Krishana Bihari,
Department of Kayachikitsa, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.

Tanmay Nigam,
Department of Kayachikitsa, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.

Shivani Chauhan,
Department of Kayachikitsa, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.

Kapil,
Department of Kayachikitsa, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/SSIDCIM/article/view/12739

Application of Evidence in the Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Addressing the Epidemic in Papua New Guinea | Chapter 21 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 9

Papua New Guinea's prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing alarmingly, and the nation lacks any policies to combat this pandemic. The high-risk population is not well aware of the evidence that may be utilised in a broken healthcare system for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes.

The goal of this review of the literature is to evaluate all the information that is currently available regarding the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus and to make recommendations regarding the integration and application of the pertinent information in Papua New Guinea's response to the epidemic of type 2 diabetes under a clear policy.

The primary prevention of type 2 diabetes in the population of pre-diabetics was examined using a review of the literature. The results showed that type 2 diabetes in people with prediabetes has decreased as a result of primary preventive studies on lifestyle modifications and metformin usage. The type 2 diabetes pandemic in Papua New Guinea may thus be addressed using this data, with a non-communicable illness strategy as the main driver.

Author (s) Details:

Leslie Bahn Kawa,
Department of General Internal Medicine, Port Moresby General Hospital, Papua New Guinea.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V9/article/view/7459

Postprandial Effects of a Proprietary Milk Protein Hydrolysate Containing Bioactive Peptides in Prediabetic Subjects: A Recent Study | Chapter 10 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 Milk proteins are thought to protect against type 2 diabetes (T2DM) through regulating the glycemic response, particularly in the postprandial state. The high content of whey proteins, which are usually a byproduct of cheese production, is one reason for this possibility. Milk contains two protein fractions: casein, which is slowly digesting, and whey, which is quickly digestible. However, because of its increased leucine content, native whey has gotten a lot of attention, and its postprandial glycemic effect in prediabetes has yet to be determined. In this study, prediabetics were given a randomised, cross-over trial to see how effective a milk protein hydrolysate of native whey origin with alpha-glucosidase inhibitory capabilities was. Prior to a high-carbohydrate challenge meal, subjects were given a single dosage of placebo, low-dosed milk protein hydrolysate, or high-dosed milk protein hydrolysate. Glucose and insulin concentration-time curves were examined. Low-dosed milk peptides significantly reduced incremental areas under the curve (iAUC) of glucose as the primary endpoint compared to placebo (P = 0.0472), and a slight insulinotropic effect was observed. A longer intervention period with the low-dosed product did not improve glucose response but did reduce HbA1c levels significantly (P = 0.0244). To summarise, the current milk protein hydrolysate of native whey origin has the potential to modify postprandial hyperglycemia and hence may help to reduce the risk of developing T2DM in the future.

Author(s) Details

Tina Sartorius
BioTeSys GmbH, Division Clinical Studies, Esslingen, Germany.

Andrea Weidner
BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstr. 54–56, 73728 Esslingen, Germany.

Tanita Dharsono
BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstr. 54–56, 73728 Esslingen, Germany.

Audrey Boulier
Ingredia S.A., 51 Avenue F. Lobbedez CS 60946, 62033 Arras CEDEX, France.

Manfred Wilhelm
Department of Mathematics, Natural and Economic Sciences, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Albert-Einstein-Allee 55, 89081 Ulm, Germany.

Christiane Schön
BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstr. 54–56, 73728 Esslingen, Germany.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V7/article/view/1065

Relationship between Blood Pressure, Blood Glucose and Body Mass Index and Coexisting Prehypertension and Prediabetes among Rural Adults in Niger Delta Region, Nigeria | Chapter 3 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

In total, 14% of participants with normal blood glucose, 19.6% pre-diabetes, 7.6% diabetes, 24% normotensive, 15.4% pre-hypertensive and 1.8% hypertensive coexisted with overweight. Pre-diabetes co-existed with 9.8% normotensive and pre-hypertensive, respectively, while cumulative diabetes was 0.2% normotensive, 5.6% pre-hypertensive, and 18.2% hypertensive. About 16.4 percent had both diabetes and obesity combined, and hypertension and obesity. In addition, 19.5 percent had hypertension, obesity and diabetes combined. The prevalence of obesity was 16.4 percent in total, 18.2 percent hypertension and 24.0 percent diabetes. 17.5 percent, 21.3 percent and 23.7 percent were the incidence of coexisting prehypertension and pre-diabetes, pre-non-communicable and primary non-communicable diseases. Positive and linear associations and statistically significant differences (p<0.001) in the varying degree of complex interaction between blood pressure and blood glucose as well as body mass index were found in the data analysis. In conclusion, nonetheless, this research offers population-based baseline evidence showing that the populations in the oil-bearing communities are at high risk of developing hypertension, diabetes, and obesity with a high prevalence of pre-hypertension and pre-diabetes combinations. In particular, the coexistence of a significantly high incidence of prehypertension and pre-diabetes with an elevated body mass index has a more adverse effect on progression to total hypertension and diabetes. For oil and gas-bearing populations, there is a need for a national program to eliminate, monitor or postpone the burden of risk factors for non-communicable diseases.

Author (s) Details

A. Nwafor
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Dr. F. C. Mmom
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Dr. O. Obia
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Dr. C. Obiandu
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

V. O. Hart
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Dr. B. C. Chinko
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V1/issue/view/2