A Novel Polyherbal Formulation- Sarkaraikolli Hastens Wound Healing Activity with Antidiabetic Potential | Chapter 3 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 8

 

Diabetes is a chronic group of metabolic diseases characterised by the constantly elevated blood glucose levels, which leads to the glycation of body proteins, which may further cause serious complications. In recent years, the use of complementary medicine has seen significant growth, particularly in dietary interventions and traditional plant-based therapies derived from systems such as Ayurveda. No systematic studies have been reported for its wound healing and anti-diabetic properties of Sarkaraikolli. An effort has been made to establish the wound healing and anti-diabetic properties of the polyherbal formulation Sarkaraikolli. In this model, animals were administered with test and standard samples by the oral route. Frequently blood samples were taken and examined for blood glucose levels, which were assessed using a glucometer. The animals were sacrificed 2 hours on the 21st day after the treatment by cervical dislocation, and biochemical studies were performed. The blood samples were collected, and serum was separated by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes after a retro-orbital puncture. Different procedures were performed for the determination of liver enzyme tests. In the model of anti-diabetic animals were evenly divided into 5 groups. Group-1 and Group-2 served as untreated and model controls respectively, while Group-3, 4, and 5 were the treatment groups which were simultaneously treated with standard, 250 and 500 mg/kg extract respectively after glucose loading. Sarkaraikolli possesses significant anti-diabetic and wound healing activity when compared to the conventional medicine like Glibenclamide. Significant anti-diabetic action is visible due to lower blood glucose levels and maintenance of steady body weights. Sarkaraikolli wound healing activity is demonstrated by higher wound healing activity as compared to the standard medication. The biochemical parameters like SGOT, SGPT and ALP were determined by using the analytical kits. The results shown by the treatment of Sarkaraikolli were significant and are closer to the control group. This research work proved that Sarkaraikolli possesses significant anti-diabetic and wound-healing activity. When compared to conventional medicine, Glibenclamide, a significant anti-diabetic action is visible due to lower blood glucose levels and maintenance of steady body weights. Sarkaraikolli's wound healing activity is demonstrated by higher wound healing activity when compared to the standard drug (Nitrofurazone).

 

 

Author(s) Details

S. Sundar
Department of Pharmacology, Vijaya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences for Women, Enikepadu, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

A. Bhavana
Department of Pharmacology, Vijaya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences for Women, Enikepadu, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

N. K. S. Neeraja
Department of Pharmacology, Vijaya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences for Women, Enikepadu, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

D. Prasanna
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vijaya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences for Women, Enikepadu, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

R. Sunitha
Department of Pharmacognosy, Vijaya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences for Women, Enikepadu, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v8/6122

Psychological Stress and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Relationship | Chapter 24 | Socio-Scientific Interaction in Diabetes and Cancer and Its Management

 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that occurs due to circulating blood glucose levels being too high. But it also occurs due to psychological issues, consumption of a high calorie diet and sedentary lifestyle. Diabetes is a long-lasting chronic metabolic disorder; it has established psychobiological relationships. Diabetes has much more effects on the human body and also the mind. This review article shows the relationship between   psychological stress and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Psychological stress affects the behaviors of people living with type-2 diabetes. Type-2 diabetes is caused due to stress, anxiety, depression and insomnia. These risk factors are associated with qualitative and quantitative defects in insulin secretion. Morbidity diabetic patients want passive euthanasia (legalized in Indian Supreme Court in 2018, India), for last resort. It is important to understand that the individuals who are suffering from diabetes mellitus, must have any psychological issue. It can't be denied that there is a possible correlation between psychological stress and diabetes mellitus.

Author(s) Details:

Sweta Singh,
Department of Psychology, K. S. College Laheriasarai, L.N. Mithila University, Darbhanga, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/SSIDCIM/article/view/12742

Determining the Impact of Clinical Pharmacist-Provided Patient Education on Quality of Life (QOL) Outcome in Type II Diabetes Mellitus in Rural Population | Chapter 10 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7

 Background: Throughout the world one of the major causes of complex problems and impairments is diabetes mellitus. In order to maintain the glycemic level good knowledge is therefore normally highly important. Diabetes management is an essential component that has a direct impact on a patient's quality of life.

The primary goal of the study is to determine how patient education delivered by clinical pharmacists affects quality-of-life results.

Methodology: In a tertiary care hospital's general medicine division a prospective randomised control trial was carried out. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria patients were enrolled and randomised into control and intervention groups. From the baseline a total of three follow-ups were conducted. Both groups received questionnaires and blood glucose readings at each check-up. At each stage of the intervention provide the intervention group a patient information leaflet (PIL) and at the final follow-up give the control group formal counselling. Observations and Discussion One hundred thirteen patients in all were enrolled. In comparison to the control group there was a statistically significant improvement in the intervention group's QOL KAP and adherence scores (P value 0.05). A Significant change in blood glucose levels was observed in the intervention group but not in the control group. The study's findings suggest that pharmacists are crucial in helping patients learn how to maintain their quality of life.

Author(s) Details:

K. V. Ramanath
Department of Pharmacy Practice SAC College of Pharmacy B.G.Nagara India and Suryadatta college of Pharmacy healthcare & Research (SCPHR) Pune Maharastra India.

Y. L. Santhosh
Department of Pharmacy Practice SAC College of Pharmacy B.G.Nagara India and Suryadatta college of Pharmacy healthcare & Research (SCPHR) Pune Maharastra India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V7/article/view/8373

More Reliable Approach than Blood Glucose Value is Needed in Assessment of Cell Metabolism | Chapter 3 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

 

We looked examined how diverse medical situations affected blood glucose levels and metabolic states. Clinical recommendations indicate the primary therapy objective for diabetes mellitus to be near-normoglycaemia. According to this hypothesis, euglycemia and eumetabolism go hand in hand, while hyperglycemia is a sign of dysmetabolism. The blood glucose levels may only be regarded as a broad metabolic indicator with clear limits, the scientists conclude. The primary ideas of this claim are that acute hyperglycemia does not always result in dysmetabolism and that euglycemia is not always accompanied with eumetabolism. When blood glucose levels are the same, several biochemical energy-producing systems can sustain the same cell metabolic function. Both a positive and negative metabolic balance of cell metabolism may take place at the same blood glucose level. Blood glucose levels that are normal or increased might be used to identify the acute stress state. This indicates that there is no necessary connection between the actual blood glucose value and the metabolic state, i.e., the increased metabolic activity is not represented by the concomitant often normal blood glucose tests. As a result, establishing near normoglycemia continues to be the major therapeutic objective in the treatment of diabetes. Another discovery is that persistent hyperglycemia serves as both a marker and a cause of dysmetabolism. The use of insulin may benefit dysmetabolic conditions that have a variety of causes. The importance of chronic stress is highlighted in regard to how different dysmetabolic states develop and interact with one another. The difference between blood glucose levels and cellular metabolism is supported by the transporter nature of blood glucose values, this value reflects

Author(s) Details:

Kornel Simon,
Department of Internal Medicine, County Hospital, Siofok, Hungary.

Istvan Wittmann,
Department of Medicine and Nephrological Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V2/article/view/7742   

Postprandial Effects of a Proprietary Milk Protein Hydrolysate Containing Bioactive Peptides in Prediabetic Subjects: A Recent Study | Chapter 10 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 Milk proteins are thought to protect against type 2 diabetes (T2DM) through regulating the glycemic response, particularly in the postprandial state. The high content of whey proteins, which are usually a byproduct of cheese production, is one reason for this possibility. Milk contains two protein fractions: casein, which is slowly digesting, and whey, which is quickly digestible. However, because of its increased leucine content, native whey has gotten a lot of attention, and its postprandial glycemic effect in prediabetes has yet to be determined. In this study, prediabetics were given a randomised, cross-over trial to see how effective a milk protein hydrolysate of native whey origin with alpha-glucosidase inhibitory capabilities was. Prior to a high-carbohydrate challenge meal, subjects were given a single dosage of placebo, low-dosed milk protein hydrolysate, or high-dosed milk protein hydrolysate. Glucose and insulin concentration-time curves were examined. Low-dosed milk peptides significantly reduced incremental areas under the curve (iAUC) of glucose as the primary endpoint compared to placebo (P = 0.0472), and a slight insulinotropic effect was observed. A longer intervention period with the low-dosed product did not improve glucose response but did reduce HbA1c levels significantly (P = 0.0244). To summarise, the current milk protein hydrolysate of native whey origin has the potential to modify postprandial hyperglycemia and hence may help to reduce the risk of developing T2DM in the future.

Author(s) Details

Tina Sartorius
BioTeSys GmbH, Division Clinical Studies, Esslingen, Germany.

Andrea Weidner
BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstr. 54–56, 73728 Esslingen, Germany.

Tanita Dharsono
BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstr. 54–56, 73728 Esslingen, Germany.

Audrey Boulier
Ingredia S.A., 51 Avenue F. Lobbedez CS 60946, 62033 Arras CEDEX, France.

Manfred Wilhelm
Department of Mathematics, Natural and Economic Sciences, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Albert-Einstein-Allee 55, 89081 Ulm, Germany.

Christiane Schön
BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstr. 54–56, 73728 Esslingen, Germany.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V7/article/view/1065

Potential Anti-diabetic Activities from Edible Bird Nest and Its Hydrolysates | Chapter 5 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

 Edible bird's nest (EBN) is traditionally regarded as a delicacy, with numerous health benefits believed to be sought after in Asia, especially China. The anti-diabetic properties of the EBN and its hydrolysate were discussed in this paper. L6 myotube cells were used to test the ability of EBN hydrolysate to promote glucose absorption in vitro. The anti-diabetic test was carried out in rats in vivo, with fasting blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance being assessed. Metformin, a commercial anti-diabetic drug, was used as a control group. In the cell viability test, the dosage of 1 mg/ml EBN hydrolysate was found to be healthy and superior to metformin. The results showed that supplementing EBN hydrolysate with glucose uptake tests (in vivo and in vitro) had anti-diabetic properties. These findings demonstrated the beneficial effects of the hydrolysis process on EBN as an anti-diabetic agent, indicating that EBN hydrolysate should be investigated further as a possible nutraceutical food supplement.

Author(s) Details

Prof. Dr. Abdul Salam Babji
Food Science Program, Centre for Biotechnology and Functional Food, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

Azliana Abu Bakar Sajak
Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia.

Dr. Nur ‘Aliah Daud
Food Science Program, Centre for Biotechnology and Functional Food, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Dr. Hafeedza Abdul Rahman
Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Malaysia.

Assistant Prof. Dr. Decha Sermwittayawong
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.

Miss. Kulwanit Patninan
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V3/issue/view/57

Hypoglycemic Effect by the Ethanolic Extract of Bauhinia monandra Leaves in Rats Subjected to Intrauterine Malnutrition | Chapter 1 | Current Strategies in Biotechnology and Bioresource Technology Vol. 3

 Objectives: The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of Bauhinia monandra ethanol extract (E) on blood glucose (G), regulate insulin and lipids (C) and prenatal malnourished rats (M). Samples: Animals (from 90 days) were on a high-glucose baseline or isocaloric diet (67%, w / w) for 30 days. Study Design: 0.1 percent DMSO (2.5 ml / kg, po.) or E (500 mg / kg, po.) was obtained by animals. After glucose excess (1.5 g / kg, po.), glucose tolerance was measured in the blood. Location and Period of Study: between January 2006 and February 2007, Departamento de Bioquímica and Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Methodology: Glucose tolerance and serum insulin in C and M obtaining DMSO or E have been tested in acute studies. Before the application of DMSO or E, lipids and liver enzymes were analysed. Glucose for glucose tolerance was administered orally by gavage; E or DMSO was administered thirty minutes later. For glucose and insulin measurements, blood samples were gathered. In groups C or M receiving DMSO or E, glucose tolerance, lipids and hepatic enzymes were studied in the chronic assay. The M group receiving E had a glucose rich diet (30 days). Glucose tolerance, lipids, and liver enzymes have been tested before and after a diet rich in E-glucose therapy. By chemiluminescence, serum insulin was measured; aspartate and alanine aminotransferases were also analysed after high dietary glucose. An auto analyzer was used to estimate serum total cholesterol and triglycerides. Results: Acute E administration in control rats decreased G, but did not change insulin secretion; insulin peak was induced in M rats. Animals on a high glucose diet with E showed lower G in a chronic study; prenatal malnourished rats showed higher insulin levels. Intrauterine malnutrition, or E, did not alter cholesterol , triglycerides, and alanine aminotransferase. Conclusion: Findings showed that E could function on beta-cells and stimulate the secretion of insulin.

Author(s) Details

A. C. C. Argolo
Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil.

H. D. A. Araújo
Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil.

V. C. R. Dantas
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, RN, Brazil.

A. C. R. D. Saturnino
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, RN, Brazil.

A. F. S. Santos
CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.

J. Brandão-Neto
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, RN, Brazil.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/306

Investigating the Role of Beta Glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Maintaining Reducing Blood Glucose and High Cholesterol Level in Rats | Chapter 14 | Trends in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol.4

 

The present study aims to test the effectiveness of β-glucan on reducing blood sugar levels in alloxaninduced mice and potency to decrease cholesterol levels in the blood.β-Glucan, one of the primary cell wall components of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Several studies have reported the benefits of β- glucan as antiseptic, antioxidant, anti-aging, immune system activators, protection against radiation, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cholesterol, etc. This research was divided into two, which were conducted separately. S. cerevisiae was cultured in yeast extract–peptone–glucose (YPG) broth medium to produce beta-glucan. Cells were harvested at the stationary phase, washed, and disrupted using of sonication method. The obtained cell walls were used to prepare alkali-soluble β-glucan (glucan-S1). In this regard, 2% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 3% acetic acid were used in alkalineacid extraction. The number of rats used was 28 males with body weight ranging from 160–200 grams. Administration of beta-glucan doses of 30.60 and 90 mg.kg-1 BW to alloxan-induced mice can reduce blood glucose levels, by 66.90%, 62.95%, and 31.64%.
The potential use of beta-glucan extract as an anti-cholesterol agent was tested using
SpragueDawley strain rats. The experiments were divided into eight groups with four replicates:
GroupI (normal control), group II (fed with cholesterol without beta-glucan), group III (fed with
cholesterol + atorvastatin), group IV (fed with cholesterol + β-glucan standard), group V–VIII (fed of
cholesterol + β-glucan of S. cerevisiae with each dose of 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg.kg-1 BW. Rats were
fed with cholesterol for 14 days, except for group I. Analysis of blood was carried out to determine
total cholesterol, triglycerides, and malondialdehyde. The results showed that beta-glucan crude
obtained from S. cerevisiae cultures was 6.890 g. L-1. Beta-glucan extract of S. cerevisiae can reduce
total cholesterol approaching normal values at doses of 10 mg of 32.79% (blood plasma) and 33.71%
(in the liver). The extract was capable of reducing triglyceride levels in a dose of 10 mg of beta-glucan
64.43 % (blood plasma) and 30 mg of beta-glucan 19.45% (liver). Beta-glucan treatment at a 40 mg
dose can reduce MDA levels of 45.22% (blood plasma) and 42.64% (liver).

Author (s) Details

Kusmiati
Indonesian Culture Collection (InaCC), Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jl Raya Jakarta Bogor Km 46, Cibinong Bogor 16911, Indonesia.

F. X. Rizky Dhewantara
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pancasila, Srengseng Sawah Jagakarsa, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Dendi Hermawan
Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute Science and Technology National-Jl. Moh. Kahfi II, JakSel, Indonesia.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/269