Poha Consumption and Glycemic Control: An Experimental Study| Chapter 14 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 9

 

Background of the Study: A research study on poha consumption and glycemic control was conducted with the objective of assessing the efficacy of glycemic control. The population included patients with type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. They were allowed to continue their normal life pattern during the addition of poha as a diet.

 

Materials and Methods: A one-group pretest post-test design was used for the study. The sample size was 100. The setting was a selected village in Mangalore taluk in Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka. The systematic sampling was used for the study.

 

Results: The post-test GRBS levels of all the patients were lesser than the pretest levels after one week of pretest. The patients did not have any additional complaints. The study was significant and was tested at a 0.05 level.

 

Conclusion: Poha is a part of the normal occasional diet in south India. Due to the ignorance of the glycemic control effect of this food, people do not consume it regularly. Because of the fiber content and slow release of glucose from the body, regular consumption of his food is very effective in controlling hyperglycemia. A large-scale awareness is to be created among the diabetic population regarding the efficacy of this food.

 

 

Author(s) Details

N.M. Jose

Srinivasa Institute of Nursing Sciences, Mukka, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v9/243

Impact of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) Devices in Managing Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Observational Study | Chapter 8 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 2

In the United States, there are around 90 million individuals affected by impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting blood glucose(pre-diabetes), with an additional 34 million diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM). Among those diagnosed, the majority (90-95%) have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while 5-10% have type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or other rare forms of the disease. This retrospective study aimed to assess the effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices in managing uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM). The study cohort comprised 25 patients with uncontrolled diabetes who received treatment at an internal medicine resident clinic. The objective was to evaluate the impact of transitioning from self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) to CGM devices on glycemic control, as measured by changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, average blood glucose levels, hypoglycemic events, time spent within the target blood sugar range, and glucose variability. The main objective of the study was also to see if this can be done by Internal medicine residents in the Residency clinic after appropriate education by a Board Certified Endocrinologist. It is known that this is the first project of introduction of CGM in an Internal medicine clinic and not a specialized endocrine clinic in a project driven by Internal medicine residents. This can be introduced in other internal medicine residency programs in the United States to improve the quality of treatment of Diabetes and the quality of education of Internal medicine Residents. The findings indicated significant improvements in glycemic control with the adoption of CGM devices, highlighting their potential benefits for optimizing diabetes management. The mean HbA1c after transitioning from self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) to CGM decreased from 11.21% to 7.04% and average blood glucose decreased from 286 mg/dl to 158 mg/dl. Time in range increased after the transition to CGM from 18% to 74%, and mild hypoglycemia decreased from 4.75% to 0.78%. The dangerous more pronounced hypoglycemia of less than 54 mg/dl decreased after the switch from SMBG to CGM from 3.01% to 0.2%. All patients were using 3-4 injections of Insulin per day plus other injectable or peroral antidiabetic medications.

The study is fascinating because it was done in an internal medicine continuity clinic with the main participation of the internal medicine residents under the supervision of an endocrinologist. It was not done as the majority of the other studies used CGM in specialized endocrinology clinics.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Andre E. Manov
Department of Internal Medicine, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME), Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Rakahn Haddadin
Department of Internal Medicine, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME), Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Sukhjinder Chauhan
Department of Internal Medicine, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME), Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Gundip Dhillon
Department of Internal Medicine, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME), Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Athena Dhaliwal
Department of Internal Medicine, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME), Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Sabrina Antonio
Department of Anesthesiology, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME) Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Ashrita Donepudi
Department of Internal Medicine, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME), Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Yema N. Jalal
Department of Internal Medicine, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME), Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Jonathan Nazha
Department of Radiology, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME) Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Melissa Banal
Department of Radiology, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME) Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

Joseph House
Department of Radiology, Mountain View Hospital, Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education (GME) Consortium, Las Vegas, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v2/2997

Continuous Glucose Monitoring: A Revolution in Diabetes Management | Chapter 3 | Advancements in Science and Technology: Paving the Way to a Sustainable Future

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has transformed diabetes management by providing real-time insights into glucose levels and trends. CGM systems track glucose levels continuously, enabling individuals to make informed decisions about insulin, food, and exercise. This review article highlights the evolution of CGM technology, its benefits, and limitations. We explore various CGM systems, including sensor-augmented pumps, smart CGM sensors, and non-invasive devices. We also discuss the impact of CGM on clinical outcomes by providing real-time blood glucose levels which helps in preventing severe hypoglycemia episodes, quality of life, and healthcare economics. Furthermore, we examine emerging trends, such as artificial intelligence-powered CGM and wearable devices. Our review demonstrates that CGM has become an indispensable tool for diabetes management, enhancing patient empowerment, and improving glycemic control.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Suresh Kuma
Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Udham Singh, Government College, Matak Majri, Karnal, India.

 

Gulab Singh
Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Udham Singh, Government College, Matak Majri, Karnal, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49473-39-3/CH3

Case Report and Literature Review on Glycogen Hepatopathy | Chapter 1 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 9

 

This case report highlights a challenging clinical case called glycogen hepatopaty-induced acute hepatitis. This clinical condition is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed even by consultant specialists eventually hampering patient management and outcome. Glycogen hepatopathy is a very rare and forgotten complication of poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus. Glycogen hepatopathy may also present in type II diabetes mellitus, especially when managed with high doses of insulin. Although it is a benign condition, it is rarely diagnosed in a timely manner. It is characterised by hepatomegaly causing abdominal pain due to stretch on the liver capsule causing capsulitis, and derangement of liver enzymes. We report a case of a 44-year-old male truck driver who presents to ED with right upper quadrant pain in the context of uncontrolled type II diabetes mellitus for the last two years.  Glycogen hepatopathy is caused by wide fluctuations of blood glucose and treatment with large doses of insulin. High levels of insulin due to uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or high doses for treatment lead to excess glucose movement into hepatocytes via independent passive diffusion.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Adel Ekladious
Acute Medical Unit, Canberra Hospital, ACT Health, Australia, University of Western Australia, Australia and Australian National University, Australia.

 

Please see the book:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rudhr/v9/241

Determining the Levels of Vitamin D and Their Association with Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus| Chapter 5 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 8

 This stage aims to determine the Levels of Vitamin D and their Association accompanying Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a noncommunicable disease characterised by hyperglycemia. It is related to a number of limited- and large-scale vascular problems. Vitamin D a stercosterol is an main molecule in the carcass that is complicated in many skeletal and extraskeletal functions. The current study contained one hundred diabetic problems patients and individual hundred healthy family. Blood glucose, Glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile, and vitamin D levels were calculated in all issues.Along with poor Glycemic control and insane lipid profile in subjects with difficulties of type 2 diabetes mellitus, levels of vitamin D were more significantly dropped off in these patients as compared to controls. Moreover 73% of the subjects were deficient in source of nourishment D.Levels of vitamin D are considerably reduced in diabetic inmates with complexities. The role of Vitamin D in differing extra skeletal functions concede possibility be one of the causes of these complications.

Author(s) Details:

Sukhraj Kaur,
Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Amritsar, India.

Pashaura Singh Sandhu,
Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Amritsar, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V8/article/view/8722

A Randomized Crossover Study Highlighting the Resistant Starch Consumption Effects on Glycemic Control and Glycemic Variability in Type 2 Diabetes Patients | Chapter 2 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

 This study was designed to determine the goods of native banana bounce and high- amylose sludge bounce on glycemic control and glycemic variability in cases with type 2 diabetes when treatments were matched for digestible bounce content. In a randomized, crossover study, nonstop glucose monitoring was performed in 17 actors( aged 28 – 65 times, BMI( ge) 25 kg/ m2, both genders) consuming native banana bounce, high- amylose sludge bounce or digestible sludge bounce for 4 days. Native banana bounce and high- amylose sludge bounce convinced an increase in 24 h mean blood glucose during days 2 to 4( p<0.05). nonstop lapping net glycemic action, glycemic threat assessment in diabetes equation and J- indicator values were advanced in high- amylose sludge bounce compared with digestible sludge bounce only at day 4( p<0.05). Yet, native banana bounce input provoked a reduction in fasting glycemia changes from birth compared with digestible sludge bounce( p = 0.0074).

In conclusion, under the experimental conditions, resistant bounce from two sources didn't ameliorate glycemic control or glycemic variability. unborn longer studies are demanded to determine whether these findings were affected by a different birth microbiota or other environmental factors.

Author(s) Details:

Yolanda Arias-Córdova,
Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico.

Jorge Luis Ble-Castillo,
Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico.

Carlos García-Vázquez,
Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico.

Viridiana Olvera-Hernández,
Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico.

Meztli Ramos-García,
Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico.

Adrián Navarrete-Cortes,
Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital General de Zona No. 46, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Villahermosa 86060, Mexico.

Guadalupe Jiménez-Domínguez,
Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital General de Zona No. 46, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Villahermosa 86060, Mexico.

Sela Esther Juárez-Rojop,
Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico.

Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate,
División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco (DAMC), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Comalcalco 86650, Mexico.

Mirian Carolina Martínez-López,
Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico.

José D. Méndez,
Hospital de Cardiología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México 06703, Mexico.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V5/article/view/8435

Associations of Serum Fluorescent Advanced Glycation End Products, Glycemic Control, Vascular Complications and Duration of Diabetes Mellitus | Chapter 19 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

 Introduction: Diabetes duration, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and glycemic control all play a role in the development of vascular problems, which are linked to morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. As a result, it's critical to understand the links between serum fluorescence of advanced glycation end products, glycemic control, microvascular problems, and diabetes mellitus duration. Diabetic patients of a higher age with poorer glycemic control and longer diabetes duration had significantly increased serum fluorescence of AGEs and a higher prevalence of microvascular problems. The length of the condition, hypercholesterolemia, high levels of low density lipoprotein, hypertension, and the patients' socioeconomic level were all linked to poor glycemic control. The serum fluorescence of AGEs, the duration of diabetes mellitus, glycated haemoglobin, and fasting glucose levels have all been reported to have significant positive associations. In older patients with longer diabetes duration who are at increased risk of developing diabetic microvascular complications, stringent glycemic control and therapeutic options that target molecular pathways involving AGEs are recommended, according to important study findings.

Author(S) Details

Nivedita L. Rao
Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

Greeshma B. Kotian
Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

Shaheena Yasser
Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V8/article/view/4578

Postprandial Effects of a Proprietary Milk Protein Hydrolysate Containing Bioactive Peptides in Prediabetic Subjects: A Recent Study | Chapter 10 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 Milk proteins are thought to protect against type 2 diabetes (T2DM) through regulating the glycemic response, particularly in the postprandial state. The high content of whey proteins, which are usually a byproduct of cheese production, is one reason for this possibility. Milk contains two protein fractions: casein, which is slowly digesting, and whey, which is quickly digestible. However, because of its increased leucine content, native whey has gotten a lot of attention, and its postprandial glycemic effect in prediabetes has yet to be determined. In this study, prediabetics were given a randomised, cross-over trial to see how effective a milk protein hydrolysate of native whey origin with alpha-glucosidase inhibitory capabilities was. Prior to a high-carbohydrate challenge meal, subjects were given a single dosage of placebo, low-dosed milk protein hydrolysate, or high-dosed milk protein hydrolysate. Glucose and insulin concentration-time curves were examined. Low-dosed milk peptides significantly reduced incremental areas under the curve (iAUC) of glucose as the primary endpoint compared to placebo (P = 0.0472), and a slight insulinotropic effect was observed. A longer intervention period with the low-dosed product did not improve glucose response but did reduce HbA1c levels significantly (P = 0.0244). To summarise, the current milk protein hydrolysate of native whey origin has the potential to modify postprandial hyperglycemia and hence may help to reduce the risk of developing T2DM in the future.

Author(s) Details

Tina Sartorius
BioTeSys GmbH, Division Clinical Studies, Esslingen, Germany.

Andrea Weidner
BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstr. 54–56, 73728 Esslingen, Germany.

Tanita Dharsono
BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstr. 54–56, 73728 Esslingen, Germany.

Audrey Boulier
Ingredia S.A., 51 Avenue F. Lobbedez CS 60946, 62033 Arras CEDEX, France.

Manfred Wilhelm
Department of Mathematics, Natural and Economic Sciences, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Albert-Einstein-Allee 55, 89081 Ulm, Germany.

Christiane Schön
BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstr. 54–56, 73728 Esslingen, Germany.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V7/article/view/1065

Evaluating the Characteristics of Blood Pressure Variability in Subjects with Chronic Kidney Disease Stage III in Diabetic or Non-diabetic Patients | Chapter 7 | Trends in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 5

 Goal: The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between the characteristics of circadian blood pressure rhythm (BP) and renal function in subjects with diabetic and non-diabetic stage III chronic kidney disease ( CKD). Materials and Methods: This study enrolled a total of 30 CKD-hypertensive diabetes-free patients and 30 Type 2 diabetic patients with overt diabetic nephropathy (DN). From 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring, the values of BP variability were obtained. Results: As a result of thorough patient evaluation and statistical data processing, the ratio of albumin to creatinine in the urine was found to be significantly higher in the group of patients with DN than in the group of patients with non-DN (4.08 ± 6.15) mg / g and (1.43 ± 2.94) mg / g. Author(s) Details Compared to the non-DN group (2.72 ± 1.53) mmol / L and (1.55 ± 1.14) mmol / L, respectively, mg / g is substantially higher than triglycerides. An significant frequency was that patients with non-DN appeared to decrease their BP in the morning, and thus the morning increase in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) was negative (-4.88 ± 21.35) mm Hg and (-70.88 ± 14.35) Hg respectively in this community of patients. These parameters surpass the standard in DN patients and are equal to SBP (66.02 ± 21.48) mm Hg and DBP (57.13 ± 12.75) mm Hg. The mean daily diastolic pressure was significantly higher in the group of patients with DN than in the non-DN group ([124.50 ± 33.78] and [111.50 ± 11.5] mm Hg, P < 0.05), with significantly lower SBP variability than in the non-DN group (13.67 ± 2.99) mm Hg and (16.35 ± 3.69) mm Hg, respectively. Conclusions: In patients with heart disease DN with equivalent glomerular filtration rate values, higher albumin to creatinine ratio and lipid profile disorders were substantially more common than in the non-diabetic renal disease category of patients. The mean daily diastolic pressure was significantly higher in the group of patients with DN than in the non-DN group ([124.50 ± 33.78] and [111.50 ± 11.5] mm Hg, P < 0.05), with significantly lower SBP variability than in the non-DN group (13.67 ± 2.99) mm Hg and (16.35 ± 3.69) mm Hg, respectively. In the lipid trend, DN patients have more apparent triglyceride level disorders than in the non-diabetic kidney damage category with equivalent GRF values.

Author(s) Details

Klitsunova Yuliia Aleksandrovna
Department of Family Medicine with the Courses of Dermatovenereology and Psychiatry, SI “Zaporizhzhya Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Ukraine.

Ostapenko Andrii Alekseevich
Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and General Pathology, SI “Zaporizhzhya Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Ukraine.

Ivahnenko Nataliia Timofeevna
Department of Family Medicine with the Courses of Dermatovenereology and Psychiatry, SI “Zaporizhzhya Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Ukraine.

Kulbachuk Aleksandr Sergeevich
Department of Family Medicine with the Courses of Dermatovenereology and Psychiatry, SI “Zaporizhzhya Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Ukraine.
Ivaschuk Viktoriia Aleksandrovna
Department of Family Medicine with the Courses of Dermatovenereology and Psychiatry, SI “Zaporizhzhya Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Ukraine.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/303