Development of a Low-Cost Wearable Device for Blood Pressure Variability Monitoring Using Pulse Arrival Time | Chapter 7 | Science and Technology: Developments and Applications Vol. 8

Blood pressure (BP) variability depicts the dynamic and continuous variations that occur in blood pressure levels over a period of time. This variability includes a wide range of BP variations, occurring over seconds or minutes (short-term variability), or over 24 hours (long-term variability). Blood pressure variability has been observed as a predictor of cardiovascular outcome. Accurate Blood Pressure measurement is vital in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. The observed correlation between as pulse arrival time and BP has led to the development of a wearable data acquisition device for BPV (Blood pressure variability) monitor, which was briefly described in this paper. While intravenous blood pressure monitoring remains the gold standard for assessing BPV, a noninvasive alternative—beat-to-beat monitoring by Finapres—is widely used. The advent of Wearable technology has gained momentum in recent times. The population has become user-friendly with such devices. Exorbitant cost of Finapres, ready availability of wearable sensors and adequate correlation of beat-to-beat blood pressure with pulse arrival time and pulse transit time have led to the development of inexpensive hardware for blood pressure variability monitoring. Pulse Arrival Time variability is observed to be consistent with past observations reported in the literature. To take care of the noise in the spectrum, Pulse Transit Time variability is being worked out. This development employing AD8232, MAX30102, TCA9548A and Arduino Uno is briefly described in this paper. Blood pressure variability, measured using PAT along with heart rate variability, was analyzed in eight control subjects and four hypertensive subjects. PAT variability had evident VLF, LF, and HF peaks in the control subjects, which mirrored the patterns noted in HRV variability. However, in the hypertensive subjects, no LF and HF components were present in HRV variability, while VLF and LF were absent in PAT variability. These findings are consistent with what has been previously reported in regard to blood pressure variability.

 

Author (s) Details

CHAITALI DESHMUKH
Biomedical Engineering Department, MGM College of Engineering & Technology, India

 

GHANSHYAM D. JINDAL
Biomedical Engineering Department, MGM College of Engineering & Technology, India.

 

UTTAM R. BAGAL
Biomedical Engineering Department, MGM College of Engineering & Technology, India.

 

GAJANAN D. NAGARE
Biomedical Engineering Department, Vidyalankar Institute of Technology, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/stda/v8/4990

Evaluating the Characteristics of Blood Pressure Variability in Subjects with Chronic Kidney Disease Stage III in Diabetic or Non-diabetic Patients | Chapter 7 | Trends in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 5

 Goal: The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between the characteristics of circadian blood pressure rhythm (BP) and renal function in subjects with diabetic and non-diabetic stage III chronic kidney disease ( CKD). Materials and Methods: This study enrolled a total of 30 CKD-hypertensive diabetes-free patients and 30 Type 2 diabetic patients with overt diabetic nephropathy (DN). From 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring, the values of BP variability were obtained. Results: As a result of thorough patient evaluation and statistical data processing, the ratio of albumin to creatinine in the urine was found to be significantly higher in the group of patients with DN than in the group of patients with non-DN (4.08 ± 6.15) mg / g and (1.43 ± 2.94) mg / g. Author(s) Details Compared to the non-DN group (2.72 ± 1.53) mmol / L and (1.55 ± 1.14) mmol / L, respectively, mg / g is substantially higher than triglycerides. An significant frequency was that patients with non-DN appeared to decrease their BP in the morning, and thus the morning increase in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) was negative (-4.88 ± 21.35) mm Hg and (-70.88 ± 14.35) Hg respectively in this community of patients. These parameters surpass the standard in DN patients and are equal to SBP (66.02 ± 21.48) mm Hg and DBP (57.13 ± 12.75) mm Hg. The mean daily diastolic pressure was significantly higher in the group of patients with DN than in the non-DN group ([124.50 ± 33.78] and [111.50 ± 11.5] mm Hg, P < 0.05), with significantly lower SBP variability than in the non-DN group (13.67 ± 2.99) mm Hg and (16.35 ± 3.69) mm Hg, respectively. Conclusions: In patients with heart disease DN with equivalent glomerular filtration rate values, higher albumin to creatinine ratio and lipid profile disorders were substantially more common than in the non-diabetic renal disease category of patients. The mean daily diastolic pressure was significantly higher in the group of patients with DN than in the non-DN group ([124.50 ± 33.78] and [111.50 ± 11.5] mm Hg, P < 0.05), with significantly lower SBP variability than in the non-DN group (13.67 ± 2.99) mm Hg and (16.35 ± 3.69) mm Hg, respectively. In the lipid trend, DN patients have more apparent triglyceride level disorders than in the non-diabetic kidney damage category with equivalent GRF values.

Author(s) Details

Klitsunova Yuliia Aleksandrovna
Department of Family Medicine with the Courses of Dermatovenereology and Psychiatry, SI “Zaporizhzhya Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Ukraine.

Ostapenko Andrii Alekseevich
Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and General Pathology, SI “Zaporizhzhya Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Ukraine.

Ivahnenko Nataliia Timofeevna
Department of Family Medicine with the Courses of Dermatovenereology and Psychiatry, SI “Zaporizhzhya Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Ukraine.

Kulbachuk Aleksandr Sergeevich
Department of Family Medicine with the Courses of Dermatovenereology and Psychiatry, SI “Zaporizhzhya Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Ukraine.
Ivaschuk Viktoriia Aleksandrovna
Department of Family Medicine with the Courses of Dermatovenereology and Psychiatry, SI “Zaporizhzhya Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Ukraine.

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