Pattern of Dyslipidemia among Prediabetics of Karnataka State, South India: A Cross Sectional Study |Chapter 4 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 6

This study aims to explore the possibility of the existence of dyslipidemia among prediabetics in Karnataka state south India and to identify the risk factor(s) if any, for the onset of diabetes. Hyperglycemia can be determined by the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value which indicates the blood glucose level over the past three months. A cross-sectional study involving 310 individuals in Bangalore, Karnataka State, South India from the period of February 2022 to March 2024 was considered for the study. Within the lipid profile, Total cholesterol (TC), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and the ratio of TC to HDL displayed statistically significant differences between the means of the population of healthy nondiabetics and prediabetics. So, testing of TC, HDL and TC to HDL ratio at regular intervals for prediabetics should be made mandatory, as they fall in the risk category for developing type 2 Diabetes and this regular screening of TC,  HDL and TC to HDL ratio will prevent prediabetics from progressing into type2 diabetes later on. It is a well-known fact that the HbA1c level as a predicting factor differs among races and ethnicities as the rate of glycation and RBC life span differs among racial and ethnic groups. Regarding demographic factors, abdominal obesity was found to be statistically significantly associated with prediabetes. Prediabetics should implement a regular exercise regime to prevent themselves from becoming diabetics in their later years.

 

Author (s) Details

Rao Sujatha N
Department of Biochemistry, AECS Maruthi Dental College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v6/2131

Determining the Levels of Glycated Hemoglobin, Serum Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphate, Uric Acid and Microalbuminuria in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | Chapter 15 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 

Background: Over the previous three decades, the global prevalence of diabetes mellitus has more than doubled, making it one of the most important public health challenges affecting all countries. As a result, researchers compared HbA1c, serum calcium, serum magnesium, serum phosphate, serum uric acid, and microalbuminuria levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients to normal healthy people.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in the Department of Biochemistry at SKIMS-MC&H, Bemina, Srinagar. The 300 people who took part in this study were divided into two groups. Group I: consisted of 150 healthy men and women between the ages of 30 and 80. A total of 150 newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in the same age group made up Group II. Fasting blood samples were tested for calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, uric acid, blood sugar, and HbA1c. To evaluate microalbuminuria, urine was collected for 24 hours and the results were compared to those of healthy people. The standard deviation of the means was calculated, and the significance level was determined using the student t-test.

FBS, HbA1c, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and uric acid levels in the blood were 89.71 9.22, 4.68 0.47, 9.61 0.84, 2.23 0.41, 3.45 0.46, 4.21 1.04 in controls (group-I) and 145.57 76.61, 8.94 2.38, 8.09 0.18, 1.92 0.27, 2.82 0.68, 7.01 0.27 in patients (group-II) (0.001). The mean difference in microalbuminuria between patients and controls was 35.01 41.30 and 15.35 2.60 (0.001).

Conclusion: There is a decrease in serum calcium, magnesium, and phosphate levels, which are all important in blood glucose management. As a result, oral supplementation of all of these ions is recommended in addition to food. Reduced glucose tolerance was linked to higher serum uric acid and microalbuminuria, therefore these parameters should be assessed early in the course of Type-2 diabetes monitoring to help reduce the risk of kidney issues. Glycated haemoglobin levels can also indicate early patient mobilisation to diabetic support services, treatment, and medication response, all of which can help to avoid micro and macro complications associated with uncontrolled Type-2 diabetes.

Author(S) Details

Qazi Najeeb Ahmad
Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Medical College Anantnag (J&K), India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V11/article/view/4657

An Observational Study on Serum Carboxy Methyl Lysine, Insulin Resistance and Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Nephropathy Cases | Chapter 14 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 13

 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and one of its subtypes, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), are more common in adolescents around the world, regardless of heredity or age. Under a healthy diet, food restriction will cope and assist the body metabolism in absorbing the essential nutrition and eliminating the trash from the body. Insulin resistance (IR) and decreased insulin sensitivity (IS) come from masking insulin action on target cells, resulting in increased glycated products such as glycated haemoglobin, glycated albumin, and other glycated macromolecules known as Advanced Glycation End products. BMI, along with AGE and diabetes profile, is another factor to consider. Insulin and lipid profiling could assist researchers understand the link between CML and glucose metabolism in diabetics and diabetic nephropathy. Glycoxidation and lipoxidation combine to generate CML. The study's goals include establishing a link between CML and essential diabetes and insulin profiles in order to provide evidence for labelling CML as a hazardous chemical. Basic renal profile was done to examine kidney function and see whether it had anything to do with CML. In group 2, CML was positively connected with HbA1c, TG, and HOMA IR and negatively correlated with QUICKI, indicating greater tissue damage due to the combined effects of glucose, lipid, and insulin resistance. Regularly monitoring plasma CML and HbA1c during follow-up may assist keep track of plasma glucose status and its harmful consequences on tissues, preventing tissue and arterial lining erosion.

Author (S) Details

R. Sai Deepika
Department of Biochemistry, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, India.

K. N. Shashidhar
Department of Biochemistry, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, India.

A. Raveesha
Department of General Medicine, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, India.

C. Muninarayana
Department of Community Medicine, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Kolar, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V13/article/view/2733

Correlation between the Plasma Magnesium Levels and Glycated Haemoglobin in Sudanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Khartoum State: A Cross Sectional Study | Chapter 2 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 12

 The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate the plasma levels of magnesium and HbA1C in (60) type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and (40) seemingly healthy (non-diabetic) volunteers as a control group. Patients were gathered from a variety of hospitals and clinics. In terms of age and gender, the test and control groups were matched. Magnesium levels in the blood were measured using a spectrophotometer (Bio system Company reagents). The levels of HbA1C were determined using NycoCard reagents and devices. The data was analysed using SPSS. The results demonstrated a significant drop in the diabetic group's mean plasma magnesium levels when compared to the control group (p. value 0.05), but an increase in HbA1C in diabetes patients (type 2) when compared to the control group (p. value 0.05). There was a substantial negative link between magnesium plasma levels and HbA1C levels in diabetic patients, as well as a modest negative correlation between magnesium plasma levels and disease duration. The findings showed that uncontrolled diabetes patients are at higher risk of hypomagnesaemia than controlled diabetic patients because plasma magnesium levels had a strong negative connection with HbA1C levels.

Author (S) Details

Tilal Abd El-Hameed Seedahmed
Chemical Pathology, University of Medical Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.

Samia Mahdi Ahmed
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V12/article/view/2594

Evaluating the Characteristics of Blood Pressure Variability in Subjects with Chronic Kidney Disease Stage III in Diabetic or Non-diabetic Patients | Chapter 7 | Trends in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 5

 Goal: The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between the characteristics of circadian blood pressure rhythm (BP) and renal function in subjects with diabetic and non-diabetic stage III chronic kidney disease ( CKD). Materials and Methods: This study enrolled a total of 30 CKD-hypertensive diabetes-free patients and 30 Type 2 diabetic patients with overt diabetic nephropathy (DN). From 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring, the values of BP variability were obtained. Results: As a result of thorough patient evaluation and statistical data processing, the ratio of albumin to creatinine in the urine was found to be significantly higher in the group of patients with DN than in the group of patients with non-DN (4.08 ± 6.15) mg / g and (1.43 ± 2.94) mg / g. Author(s) Details Compared to the non-DN group (2.72 ± 1.53) mmol / L and (1.55 ± 1.14) mmol / L, respectively, mg / g is substantially higher than triglycerides. An significant frequency was that patients with non-DN appeared to decrease their BP in the morning, and thus the morning increase in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) was negative (-4.88 ± 21.35) mm Hg and (-70.88 ± 14.35) Hg respectively in this community of patients. These parameters surpass the standard in DN patients and are equal to SBP (66.02 ± 21.48) mm Hg and DBP (57.13 ± 12.75) mm Hg. The mean daily diastolic pressure was significantly higher in the group of patients with DN than in the non-DN group ([124.50 ± 33.78] and [111.50 ± 11.5] mm Hg, P < 0.05), with significantly lower SBP variability than in the non-DN group (13.67 ± 2.99) mm Hg and (16.35 ± 3.69) mm Hg, respectively. Conclusions: In patients with heart disease DN with equivalent glomerular filtration rate values, higher albumin to creatinine ratio and lipid profile disorders were substantially more common than in the non-diabetic renal disease category of patients. The mean daily diastolic pressure was significantly higher in the group of patients with DN than in the non-DN group ([124.50 ± 33.78] and [111.50 ± 11.5] mm Hg, P < 0.05), with significantly lower SBP variability than in the non-DN group (13.67 ± 2.99) mm Hg and (16.35 ± 3.69) mm Hg, respectively. In the lipid trend, DN patients have more apparent triglyceride level disorders than in the non-diabetic kidney damage category with equivalent GRF values.

Author(s) Details

Klitsunova Yuliia Aleksandrovna
Department of Family Medicine with the Courses of Dermatovenereology and Psychiatry, SI “Zaporizhzhya Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Ukraine.

Ostapenko Andrii Alekseevich
Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and General Pathology, SI “Zaporizhzhya Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Ukraine.

Ivahnenko Nataliia Timofeevna
Department of Family Medicine with the Courses of Dermatovenereology and Psychiatry, SI “Zaporizhzhya Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Ukraine.

Kulbachuk Aleksandr Sergeevich
Department of Family Medicine with the Courses of Dermatovenereology and Psychiatry, SI “Zaporizhzhya Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Ukraine.
Ivaschuk Viktoriia Aleksandrovna
Department of Family Medicine with the Courses of Dermatovenereology and Psychiatry, SI “Zaporizhzhya Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Ukraine.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/303

Assessing the Impact of Iron Deficiency Anemia Treatment on Type 2 Diabetic Complications | Chapter 13 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 1

 The study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between the iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and type

2 diabetes, to estimate the effect of the IDA on the level of glucose and glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac)

and to assess the ameliorating effect of IDA treatment on progression of diabetes and its

complications. This study included 125 male Fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, CBC, ferritin, iron,

and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were assayed. The HbA1c and FBG levels were significantly

higher in groups III and IV compared to group I. The results revealed a significant decline in HbA1c

and FBG levels in group V compared to group IV. Negative significant correlations were observed

between iron and ferritin with HbA1c and FBG. Ferritin was the most reliable predictor of type 2

diabetes in patients with IDA. The best cut off value for ferritin was 31.56 ng/ml. Low iron level has a

crucial effect on glycemic status by increasing the level of FBG and HbA1c, IDA is strongly correlated

with type 2 diabetes and the iron supplementation for diabetic patients with IDA ameliorates the

progression of diabetes and its complications.

 

Author (s) Details

 Amira S. Ahmed
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia and Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.

Rehab M. Elgharabawy
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia and Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt.

Amal H. Al-Najjar
Drug and Poison Information Specialist, Pharmacy Services, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Monerh H. Al-Abdullatif
College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

Mona A. Al-Abdullatif
College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.

Turki A. Al-Mogbel

Buraydah Diabetes Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Saudi Arabia.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/239