Dairy Calcium Supplementation and Its Effects on Body Fat, Plasma Leptin and Glucose Levels in Obese Postmenopausal Women | Chapter 6 | Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 6

 

The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CADIA) study of young overweight adults, black and white, demonstrated that dietary patterns characterised by increased dairy consumption had an inverse association with insulin resistance in their study population. The inclusion of low or non-fat dairy products, which provide additional calcium in the diet, may promote increased weight loss and improve insulin resistance. Therefore, supplementing dairy products to obese subjects on a caloric-restricted diet may be a useful strategy to enhance weight loss and improve insulin resistance. The study assesses dairy Calcium supplementation and its effects on body Fat, plasma leptin and glucose levels in obese postmenopausal women. This prospective randomised study of 3 months, parallel trial on the effect of non-fat / low-fat dairy calcium combined with energy restriction in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. The study therefore tested the short-term effects of supplementing 56 overweight or obese (body mass index [BMI] >26 kg/m2) post menopausal women on a caloric-restricted diet (1,400 kilocalories [kcal]) with two levels of dairy as yoghurt on body composition, blood insulin, leptin and glucose concentration. The group consuming four supplemented dairy servings (DS-4) was provided ~1400 mg Ca/day, and the group consuming two supplemented dairy servings (DS-2) were provided ~800 mg Ca/day.

 

Over the 3-months daily energy intake averaged 51% carbohydrate, 20.7% of protein and 27.6% of fat for both groups. At 3 months, the DS-4 group demonstrated decreased weight (87.7 to 86.2 kg, P=0.001), BMI (33.5 to 32.8 kg/m2, P < 0.001), total fat (36.1 to 34.7 kg, P<0.001), and trunk fat (18.3 to 17.6 kg, P < 0.001). There were non-significant decreases in plasma glucose (74.7 to 71.1 mg/dl, P=0.494), leptin (32.5 to 31.3 µg/L, P=0.231) and insulin. For the DS-2 group, there was decreased weight (86.4 to 84.4 kg, p<0.02), BMI (32.5 to 31.8 kg/m2, P=0.002), total fat (37.3 to 35.4 kg, P=0.003), trunk fat (17.1 to 16.5 kg, P = 0.27) and plasma leptin (27.8 to 25.2 µg/L, P=0.114). The DS-2 group demonstrated a surprising and significant increase in the fasting blood glucose, with a marginally significant increase in insulin resistance as measured by HOMA at 3 months. We observed a significant treatment effect between the DS-2 and DS-4 groups for: % energy from fat (P=0.025), % energy from protein (P=0.047) and leptin (P=0.044). The study report that in a population of obese/overweight postmenopausal women supplementing their diet with dairy which provided a total estimated calcium intake of ~1400 mg/day (i.e. DS-4) was successful in the reduction of trunk fat and plasma glucose, while dairy calcium and caloric restriction decreased weight, BMI, total body fat, and insulin and leptin during the intervention. In contrast, the supplemented group ingesting 800 mg/d of dairy calcium (i.e. DS-2) in combination with caloric restriction provided significant increases in plasma glucose and insulin resistance.

 

Our study demonstrated the expected weight loss with caloric restriction, but a paradoxical increase in blood glucose levels with dairy supplementation provided to maintain baseline calcium intake. Increasing dairy supplementation abrogated this small increase in fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance. The benefits of dairy calcium supplementation may be dependent on both the dose and the context of overall caloric intake.

 

Author(s) Details

Dina H. Fakhrawi
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.

 

Carol J. Lammi-Keefe
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA and College of Agriculture, LSU, Agricultural Center, and Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.

 

W. Lawrence Beeson
School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA and Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, USA.

 

T. Allan Darnell
School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

 

Anthony Firek
J L Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Endocrinology, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

 

Zaida R. Cordero-MacIntyre
School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, USA and Whittier College, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Whittier, CA, USA.

 

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/fsarh/v6/7123

Influence of Soy-enriched Cookies on Bone Mineral Density in Perimenopausal Women | Chapter 10 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

Background: Isoflavones are abundant in soy and other legumes, have established estrogenic properties, and had impressive biological effects in preclinical models. Isoflavones have been suggested as alternatives to hormone replacement therapy.

 

Objectives: This study evaluates the influence of soy-enriched cookies on bone mineral density in perimenopausal women.

 

Methodology: A total of 36 women with perimenopausal older than 40 years were enrolled for the 8 weeks of study, and participants of the study were allocated into two groups, 18 participants in each group. Group G0 was the control group with no supplementation, and group G1 was the treatment group with 40g soy flour cookies. The participants were selected from the Orthopedic ward of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. The 40g soy cookies were given to the participants on a daily basis for 8 weeks. The study parameters such as Vitamin D, Calcium, Phosphorus and BMD levels were measured at the start and end of the study.

 

Results: The mean age of participants enrolled in this study was 43.042±3.79 years in G0, and in G1 it was 42.45 ±4.45. The mean BMI was 24.2±3.10 and 22.50±2.50 kgm-2 in both groups, respectively after treatment, with no statistical association. There was a significant change observed in Vitamin D levels with values of 23.82±4.373 and 26.50±4.50, pre and post-treatment respectively. Calcium levels improved significantly, rising from 11.52±3.01 to 12.00±2.85 with significant association (p-value less than 0.05). On the other hand, Phosphorus levels also increased from 2.62 ± 0.75 to 3.00 ± 0.80 mg/dL. At the same time, BMD levels significantly (P<0.05) improved in the treatment group from 0.727±0.09 to 0.800±0.1 with significant p-value.

 

Conclusion: In conclusion, the study demonstrated that soy-enriched cookies significantly improve Vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus levels and bone mineral density in perimenopausal women. These findings suggest that incorporating soy flour cookies into the diet could be an effective strategy for enhancing bone health and mineral metabolism in this population.

Author (s) Details

Maira Munir
The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.

 

Farah Khanum
The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.

 

Nudrat
The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.

 

Yusra Rasheed
The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.

 

Muntaha Jafar
The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.

 

Sara
The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.

 

Anam Aslam
The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.

 

Misbah Arshad
Staffordshire University, England.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v2/5413

Impact of Eggshell Supplementation in Laying Hen Diets on Performance and Eggshell Quality | Chapter 8 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 2

Eggshell supplementation in poultry diets has gained attention as a potential alternative to conventional calcium sources, such as limestone, in enhancing eggshell quality and supporting overall hen performance. This chapter explores the nutritional benefits of incorporating eggshells into the diets of laying hens, focusing on their effects on egg production, laying performance. The methods of processing eggshells— including washing, sterilisation, drying, and grinding—are examined to achieve the optimal particle size for improved digestibility and nutritional value.  Smaller particle sizes are shown to enhance bioavailability and calcium utilisation. Furthermore, the chapter compares the performance of hens receiving eggshell-based calcium to those fed with traditional sources. The potential environmental and economic benefits of using eggshells, which are readily available as waste from various industries, are also discussed. Ultimately, eggshells are shown to be a viable and sustainable calcium source that can effectively substitute limestone in poultry diets.

Author (s) Details

Mariem Saidani
Research Unit of Biodiversity and Resource Development in Mountain Areas of Tunisia (UR17AGR14), Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, Mateur, Tunisia.

 

Manel Ben Larbi
Research Unit of Biodiversity and Resource Development in Mountain Areas of Tunisia (UR17AGR14), Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, Mateur, Tunisia.

 

Naceur M’Hamdi
Animal and Food Resources Laboratory (LRAA), National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v2/5487.

Role of Postharvest Treatments Pomegranate Peel Extract and Calcium on Storage Behavior of Broad Beans (Vicia faba L.) | Chapter 8 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4

Vicia faba L is considered the fourth most important leguminous crop in the world, as it occupies an important place among food security crops in a number of countries. Calcium salts are used to increase the hardness of fruits and to treat many physiological disorders in fruits and resistance to damage. The present study aims to improve the storage ability of beans after treating them before storage with pomegranate peel extract and calcium. After harvesting the crop of broad beans grown in one of the orchards in Al-Hartha region, Basrah, Iraq for the agricultural season 2023-2024, the pods were separated to obtain the seeds by removing the pod, then the seeds were divided into three parts. The first was treated by dipping seeds in pomegranate peel extract at a concentration of 3 ml l‾¹ for 5 minutes. The second part of the seeds was dipped in calcium at a concentration of 2 ml l‾¹ for 5 minutes. The last part was dipped in distilled water only for 5 minutes. After drying, seeds were packed in perforated polyethylene bags (8 holes of 5 mm diameter) with an amount of 1 kg per bag and stored at a temperature of 4°C for two weeks. The mean differences were compared using the least significant difference (L.S.D) test at the probability level of 0.05. The experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment using a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replicates. The results showed that 2 ml l‾¹ calcium treatment was the best in reducing the weight loss of seeds and recording the highest percentage of total soluble solids and protein, while the treatment of pomegranate peel extract was superior to the rest of the treatments recorded the highest vitamin C. The results also showed that stored seeds treated by the two mentioned treatments did not record any significant decay after two weeks of storage compared to the control treatment. The weight loss of seeds, the percentage of decay, and the total soluble solids increased, while the protein percentage and vitamin C decreased with increasing storage period. The treatment of pomegranate peel extract was superior to the rest treatments in recording the highest vitamin C and the stored seeds dipped in pomegranate peel extract and calcium solution did not record any significant decay after two weeks of storage compared to the control treatment.

 

Author (s) Details

Dhia Ahmed Taain
Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq.

 

Noor Abdel-Zahra Jaber
Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v4/2726

 

Assessment of Biochemical Parameters of Mothers and Neonates in Cigarette Smoke Exposure: A Cross Sectional Study from Vidarbha Region, India | Chapter 2 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 8

Introduction: Vitamin D is a nutrient that is needed for bone growth and processing. Vitamin D and calcium are extremely important during certain stages of life, such as the baby’s development, childhood, childhood and adolescence, breastfeeding, lactation, and old age. Vitamin D and calcium deficiency have severe implications at this time. Maternal nutrition status is the most significant determinant of the nutritional status of a newborn and other maternal well-being and fertility outcomes.

Aim: This Study aims to analyse the biochemical parameters of mothers and neonates in cigarette smoke exposure in the Vidharbha region.

Material and Methods: Pregnant non-smoker women who were referred to a Tertiary Health Care Hospital in Vidarbha region were selected for the study.. Distribution was done on the basis of their history of exposure to tobacco smoke; 54 subjects were exposed to tobacco smoke and 54 subjects were not exposed to tobacco smoke.

Result: Maternal Vitamin D was highly significantly low in pregnant females exposed to tobacco smoke (13.71± 4.33 ng/ml) as compared to non –exposed pregnant females (21.02 ± 4.96 ng/ ml) ((p-value <0.0001) Based on self-reported exposure, maternal serum calcium levels was highly significantly low in exposed females (8.43 ± 0.64mg/dl) than in non-exposed females (10.04 ± 0.72mg/dl) (p <0.0001). There was no significant difference in serum Parathormone level and serum phosphorus levels between the 2 groups (P- value for Parathormone- 0.2163 and for Phosphorus-0.1904. Alkaline phosphatase levels in the exposed group were found to be significantly high than the non-exposed group (p = 0.0129).

In neonates of mothers exposed to tobacco smoke, cord blood serum Vitamin D and Calcium levels were significantly low as compared to neonates of non- exposed mothers.

Conclusion: The findings showed that, second-hand smoke consumption had a detrimental effect on pregnant women. In mothers and neonates exposed to the tobacco smoke, serum Vitamin D levels and Calcium level s were significantly lowas compared to the non exposed mothers and neonates. These studies recommend steps should be taken to minimize exposure to nicotine during pregnancy and to improve the use of vitamin D and calcium supplements during pregnancy, taking into account the risk to women during this crucial time of life and the effects on the well-being of the infant.

Author(s) Details:

Prajakta Warjukar,
Department of Biochemistry, Datta Meghe Medical College, Nagpur, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Sawangi, Wardha, India.

Ankush Mohabey,
Department of Orthopedics, AIIMS, Nagpur, India.

Gangaram Bhadarge,
Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Sawangi, Wardha, India.

Pratibha Dawande,
Department of Pathology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Nagpur, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Sawangi, Wardha, India.

Roshan Kumar Jha,
Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Sawangi, Wardha, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V8/article/view/13515 

A Case-control Study to Assess Bone Mineral Status in Sub-clinical Hypothyroidism| Chapter 4 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

 Introduction: The most governing thyroid condition, hypothyroidism, causes a number of metabolic irregularities.The most typical shortcoming is caused by an unevenness in the minerals that compensate the bones, calcium and planet seen at dawn.Considering that people accompanying thyroid hormone inequality don't have any syndromes, sub-dispassionate hypothyroidism is frequently ignored.The Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) level is used to make an related diagnosis of substitute-clinical hypothyroidism.In this condition, skilled is no change in the levels of the thyroid hormones T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) hereditary.Aim: Studying the Ca/P ratio, a forerunner to osteoporotic markers in hypothyroid things, is the goal.Materials and Methods: This case-control study contained 35 individuals accompanying normal thyroid function as controls and 35 things with substitute-clinical hypothyroidism, all of whom were middle from two points the ages of 20 and 45. The appropriate procedures were used to decide the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the serum samples. To maintain the parameters constant, the samples were examined on the unchanging day. Calculated was the calcium/planet seen at dawn ratio (Ca/P).Results: When distinguished to the control group, blood calcium levels in substitute-clinical hypothyroidism were erect to be lower (8.330.30) and antitoxin phosphorus levels expected higher (6.610.88). As a result, a change in the Ca/P percentage of (1.260.34) was observed.Conclusion: This study emphasises the need for family with subclinical hypothyroidism to have their cartilage mineral rank checked in order for fear that difficulties with their cartilage health.

Author(s) Details:

M. Vasanthan,
Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

V. M. Vinodhini,
Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V9/article/view/8781

Aspects of the Hydro-geochemistry of Groundwater in Agbor/Owa Communities of Delta State, Nigeria| Chapter 2 | Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 4

 The essences of barium, calcium, sodium, sulphate, phosphate, and cyanide in groundwater in Boji-Boji (BB) area and suburbs of Ika land, Delta state, Nigeria, were examined. Without some form of treatment, groundwater is the basic source of water for the locals of these societies. The essence concerning this exercise is to study few facets of the hydro-geochemistry of groundwater in these communities to authorize its excellence for devouring and the sustainable welfare of the people. There are 55 borehole water sites spread across these five sample substitute-fields. Solar Unicam flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used to analyse the metal ions. The colorimetric system was used to determine the sulphate, phosphate, and cyanide elements of larger object. The results show the ghost of sodium, calcium, sulphate, and phosphate. However, barium and cyanide were below the discovery limit. Second, the aquifer held a greater proportion of calcium and sulphate than sodium and phosphate.Third, a mean percentage value of 0,018 and 0.158 were noticed for Na+/Ca2+ and PO43-/SO42- individually. Fourth, sodium had a strong equating with all of the different limits. Finally, the concentrations of the studied limits are below the WHO's maximum contaminator levels, meaning that the water is free of analytes. However, the sodium concentrations in many sample fields continue to cause concern from a strength belief.

Author(s) Details:

Hector H. Oyem,
Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Delta, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria.

Ifeanyi M. Oyem,
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delta, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACMS-V4/article/view/8689

Study on a Potassium Recovery Method for the KCl Form in Biomass Incineration Ash Utilizing Different Extraction and Recovery Methods | Chapter 10 | Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 1

 The goal of this research was to separate potassium ion from calcium ion, which affects potassium purity when extracted and recovered from incineration ash, as well as to lessen the environmental burden of the final waste liquid. Potassium tartrate is made by extracting calcium as calcium tartrate using acetic acid, a weak acid, then adding tartaric acid to the filtrate to separate calcium as calcium tartrate, then concentrating and evaporating the solution. All of the experiments were carried out in a batch mode. When the solid–liquid ratio was 1:20, an acetic acid solution of 0.5 mol/L was utilised for extraction, and the extraction extent was 95.4 percent. Following the filtration of the extract, 10 mL of 10% tartaric acid was added to 20 mL of extract, resulting in solid precipitation. When the solids were separated and potassium was dissolved in the acid, 72 percent of the extract was recovered. The syngenite technique works best when a magnesium dosage of 5 mmol/L is added, and the Ca:K ratio is 1:2.1 with 42mol percent K at pH 11. This might be a suggestion as to which way of recovering K is most successful and efficient.

Author(s) Details:

Hiroyuki Harada,
Graduate School of Comprehensive Academic Studies, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Japan.

Endar Hidatat,
Graduate School of Comprehensive Academic Studies, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Japan.

Afan Bagus Mananda,
Graduate School of Comprehensive Academic Studies, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Japan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACMS-V1/article/view/7107

Determining the Levels of Glycated Hemoglobin, Serum Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphate, Uric Acid and Microalbuminuria in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | Chapter 15 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 

Background: Over the previous three decades, the global prevalence of diabetes mellitus has more than doubled, making it one of the most important public health challenges affecting all countries. As a result, researchers compared HbA1c, serum calcium, serum magnesium, serum phosphate, serum uric acid, and microalbuminuria levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients to normal healthy people.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in the Department of Biochemistry at SKIMS-MC&H, Bemina, Srinagar. The 300 people who took part in this study were divided into two groups. Group I: consisted of 150 healthy men and women between the ages of 30 and 80. A total of 150 newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in the same age group made up Group II. Fasting blood samples were tested for calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, uric acid, blood sugar, and HbA1c. To evaluate microalbuminuria, urine was collected for 24 hours and the results were compared to those of healthy people. The standard deviation of the means was calculated, and the significance level was determined using the student t-test.

FBS, HbA1c, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and uric acid levels in the blood were 89.71 9.22, 4.68 0.47, 9.61 0.84, 2.23 0.41, 3.45 0.46, 4.21 1.04 in controls (group-I) and 145.57 76.61, 8.94 2.38, 8.09 0.18, 1.92 0.27, 2.82 0.68, 7.01 0.27 in patients (group-II) (0.001). The mean difference in microalbuminuria between patients and controls was 35.01 41.30 and 15.35 2.60 (0.001).

Conclusion: There is a decrease in serum calcium, magnesium, and phosphate levels, which are all important in blood glucose management. As a result, oral supplementation of all of these ions is recommended in addition to food. Reduced glucose tolerance was linked to higher serum uric acid and microalbuminuria, therefore these parameters should be assessed early in the course of Type-2 diabetes monitoring to help reduce the risk of kidney issues. Glycated haemoglobin levels can also indicate early patient mobilisation to diabetic support services, treatment, and medication response, all of which can help to avoid micro and macro complications associated with uncontrolled Type-2 diabetes.

Author(S) Details

Qazi Najeeb Ahmad
Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Medical College Anantnag (J&K), India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V11/article/view/4657

Research on Sustainable Conversion of Agriculture and Food Waste into Activated Carbons Devoted to Fluoride Removal from Drinking Water in Senegal | Chapter 7 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 8

 The aim of this research was to look into the development of activated carbons (AC) from cashew shells and millet stalks, as well as their fluoride retention ability. Senegalese agricultural residues were collected. It is well known that certain Senegalese areas, known as the groundnut basin, suffer from a public health issue caused by an abundance of fluoride in the drinking water consumed by these people. No other chemical compounds were applied to the activated carbons, which were made by combining pyrolysis and activation with water steam. The activated carbonaceous materials collected from cashew shells and millet stalks, respectively, were dubbed CS-H₂O and MS-H₂O. CS-H₂O and MS-H2O have excellent adsorbent properties, with current carbon content ranging from 71 to 86 percent. For CS-H₂O and MS-H₂O, the BET surface areas are 942 m²:g ⁻¹ and 1234 m²:g ⁻¹, respectively. Under the same conditions, a third activated carbon was made from food wastes and coagulation-flocculation sludge (FW/CFS-H₂O). FW/CFS- H₂O contains 32.6 and 39.3 percent carbon and calcium, respectively. With all of these activated carbons, kinetics sorption was done, and the pseudo-first equation was used to explain the kinetics sorption. The best activated carbon from kinetics sorption was used to conduct fluoride adsorption isotherms with synthetic and natural water. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to explain the experimental results. In terms of equilibrium data, the Langmuir model better describes the experimental data than the Freundlich model. The results revealed that carbonaceous materials made from CS-H₂O and MS-H₂O were only marginally effective at removing fluoride. The adsorption potential of FW/CFS-H₂O is 28.48 m²:g ⁻¹ with r² = 0:99 as compared to synthetic water.

Author (s) Details

Mohamad M. Diémé
Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique des Matériaux, Université Assane Seck, BP 523, Ziguinchor, Sénégal.

Maxime Hervy
Ecole des Mines de Nantes, laboratoire GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes cedex 3, France.

Saïdou N. Diop
Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique des Matériaux, Université Assane Seck, BP 523, Ziguinchor, Sénégal.

Claire Gérente
Ecole des Mines de Nantes, laboratoire GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes cedex 3, France.

Audrey Villot
Ecole des Mines de Nantes, laboratoire GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes cedex 3, France.

Yves Andres
Ecole des Mines de Nantes, laboratoire GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes cedex 3, France.

Courfia K. Diawara
Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique des Matériaux, Université Assane Seck, BP 523, Ziguinchor, Sénégal.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CPCS-V8/issue/view/43

Effect of Dietary Ingestion of Ca and Mg on Cd and PbCo-induced Liver Damage in Rats | Chapter 5 | Recent Advances in Science and Technology Research Vol.3

This study was designed to determine the hepatoprotective effect of the combined administration of
calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) on cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) co-intoxicated rats. Wistar rats
were obtained from the animal House of Pharmacology Department, University of Jos, allowed to
acclimatized for seven days and then divided into five groups of four rats per group in metabolic
cages. Group one was fed with tap water only, while group two to five were fed with the combination
of 0.327 mg/L Pb and 0.079 mg/L Cd concurrently with graded concentrations of Mg and Ca. Their
food was mashed with the same water meant for each group. All the groups fed and freely drank from
the water for a period of fourteen (14) days. At the termination of the experiments, the rats were
humanely sacrificed under anaesthesia, sample of blood was obtained from each rat by decapitation.
Serum was obtained from clotted blood by centrifugation and kept frozen until required for the
measurement of liver biomarkers, while the liver was identified and fixed in 10% formal saline for
histopathological studies. The animal House of Pharmacology Department, Anatomy and
Biochemistry laboratories, University of Jos, Nigeria, were used for treatments, histochemical and
biochemical analyses respectively. Results showed that liver biomarkers in serum decreased as the
concentrations of Ca and Mg were elevated. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the liver
biomarkers concentrations of all the groups as compared with control. The histochemistry show that
there was mild damage to the liver integrity at the lower concentrations of Ca and Mg but as their
concentrations were elevated, there was no significant difference between the liver integrity of control
and the test groups. This suggests that as the concentrations of Ca and Mg were elevated, so also
the mitigation effect on the hepatotoxicities induced by Cd and Pb in the rats was increased.

Author (s) Details

Jonathan D. Dabak
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Nigeria.

Dr.Samuel Y. Gazuwa
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Nigeria.

Dr.Samuel Y. Gazuwa
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Nigeria

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/218

Pre Harvest Calcium Treatment under Selected Poly Films Improves Leaf Chlorophyll Content in Rose Cut Flower: Scientific Study | Chapter 14 | Advances and Trends in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4

Quality is a key attribute in marketing of cut flowers. This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of light transmission through selected poly films, rose cultivar and calcium foliar feed on leaf chlorophyll content. The study site was at an elevation of 2238 m above sea level with average maximum and minimum temperature ranges from 19°C to 22°C and 5°C to 8°C respectively. The area receives a total annual rainfall ranging from 1200 mm to 1400 mm. The experimental design was split split plot laid down in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with poly films forming the main plot treatments. Data collection involved use of Watch dog data logger mini weather station to determine Photosynthetically active radiation among other spectrum properties. Light transmission was evaluated using UV-1800 Shimadzu spectrophotometer. It was observed that leaf chlorophyll content increased with increase in calcium concentration in the foliar feed. The effect of temperature caused by varying light intensity on chlorophyll content is also discussed. The results obtained show impact of environmental and nutritional factors on rose cut flower quality.

Author(s) Details

G. Oloo-Abucheli
Department of Plant Sciences, Chuka University, P.O.Box 109-60400, Chuka, Kenya and Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soil Sciences, Egerton University, P.O.Box 536, Egerton, Kenya.

J. N. Aguyoh
Department of Agriculture and Environmental Studies, Rongo University College, P.O.Box 1023-40404, Rongo, Kenya.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/168