Utilization of Peanut Shell Biomass for Effective Removal of Fluoride from Groundwater Using Pyrolytic Activated Carbon Synthesis | Chapter 4 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 2

 The injurious impacts of groundwater pollutants, particularly fluoride and nitrate, on human and animal health are widely recognised on a worldwide scale. The rural domains possess a important amount of agricultural waste biomass, that can be utilised to create porous biochar through easy, eco-friendly, and careful techniques. The current inspection was proposed  for the  utilisation of Peanut covering biomass to produce active carbons through a uncomplicated pyrolytic process. The alive carbons were then judged for their efficacy in adsorbing fluoride ions from groundwater samples got from the Shekhawati region of Rajasthan, India. The result of amorphous absorbent activated element, or PSAC, was carried out through a pyrolytic process accompanying alkaline provocation and nitrogen flow, reaching a maximum hotness of 550°C. The resulting material shown a specific surface field of 479.569 m2/g and a micropore volume of 0.124 cm3/g. A range of spectrometric means, such as XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, BET, and pHzpc, were utilised to analyse and characterise the synthesised material. A study was attended to investigate differing adsorption parameters, adsorption isotherms, and energetic studies through a batch experiment. The study on adsorption displays that the PSAC demonstrated adept elimination of fluoride from a answer containing water, presenting a sorption capacity of 7.75 mg/gm and 80% influence in removal. The judgments of the study on adsorption isotherms indicate that the Freundlich isotherm was ultimate suitable model for the equilibrium study, as proved by a linear reversion value of 0.993. The energetic data were analysed to evaluate the applicability of the artificial-first and pseudo-second-order models, in addition to the intra-piece diffusion idea. The kinetics case revealed that the process of adsorption was regular with a fake-second order reaction. Consequently, it was expected that the investigation would improve and augment the financial exploitation of nut shell biomass for the purpose of water cleansing.

Author(s) Details:

Anurag Choudhary,
Department of Chemistry, JNV University, Jodhpur, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V2/article/view/10662

Geogenic Enrichment of Flouride in Groundwater of Tosham, Haryana, India | Chapter 11 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 4

 To recognize the mechanism and beginnings of fluoride enrichment in the groundwater, hydrogeochemical tests were administered in the eight villages of Tosham Block, district Bhiwani, Haryana. The groundwater status could be ranked for various uses, like modern, drinking agriculture on the action of the physico-chemical limits. According to the findings, groundwater sample fluoride concentrations can reach 1.9 mg/l. Fluorine maybe discharged into the groundwater on account of the soils' overall fluorine levels, which range from 1.1 to 2.7 mg/kg. The solubility of fluorite, the amount of evapotranspiration, the distance of residency, and the ruling weathering processes in the Tosham extent are the main factors doing the fluoride enrichment in groundwater. The concentrations of calcium, magnesium, carbonate, bicarbonate, and chloride were too estimated, in addition to a number of additional water quality indicators containing pH, electrical generated power, total hardness, and total alkalinity. Between various physico-chemical limits, correlation coefficients were rationally calculated. Sixty-seven portion of groundwater samples do not meet WHO limits for fluoride in drinking water. Dental fluorosis influences people, particularly children, by way of the increased fluoride aggregation in the groundwater of the villages under study. With the exception of any villages, the overall quality of water was regarded unfit for drinking.

Author(s) Details:

Savita Kumari,
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.

Naresh Kumar,
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.

Naresh Kochhar,
Punjab University, Chandigarh, India.

. Yashpaul,
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.

Balram Sharma,
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V4/article/view/9675

Geogenic Enrichment of Flouride in Groundwater of Tosham, Haryana, India | Chapter 11 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 4

 To identify the mechanism and sources of fluoride enrichment in the groundwater, hydrogeochemical tests were conducted in the eight villages of Tosham Block, district Bhiwani, Haryana. The groundwater quality could be rated for various uses, like industrial, drinking agriculture on the basis of the physico-chemical parameters. According to the findings, groundwater sample fluoride concentrations can reach 1.9 mg/l. Fluorine could be discharged into the groundwater due to the soils' overall fluorine levels, which range from 1.1 to 2.7 mg/kg. The solubility of fluorite, the amount of evapotranspiration, the length of residency, and the predominant weathering processes in the Tosham area are the main factors influencing the fluoride enrichment in groundwater. The concentrations of calcium, magnesium, carbonate, bicarbonate, and chloride were also estimated, along with a number of other water quality indicators including pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, and total alkalinity. Between several physico-chemical parameters, correlation coefficients were logically calculated. Sixty-seven percent of groundwater samples do not meet WHO limits for fluoride in drinking water. Dental fluorosis affects people, especially children, because of the increased fluoride concentration in the groundwater of the villages under study. With the exception of a few villages, the overall quality of water was deemed unfit for drinking.

Author(s) Details:

Savita Kumari,
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.

Naresh Kumar,
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.

Naresh Kochhar,
Punjab University, Chandigarh, India.

. Yashpaul,
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.

Balram Sharma,
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V4/article/view/9675

Bioremediation Dairy Wastewater through Vermifiltration | Chapter 2 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

 The harsh exhaustion of water maybe offset through the bioremediation of wastewater. In this study an attempt has existed fashioned to remediate the buttery wastewater through the endeavor of regionally convenient earthworms. All the physicochemical limits are considerably transformed on transition of wastewater through gut of earthworm. By 30 days the pH, TDS, TSS, BOD, COD, Fluoride, Chloride, Phosphate and Nitrate shortened by 7.2, 46, 88.3, 62.9, 51.4, 59, 66.2 and 60.9 %, individually when gived through vermibed.

Author(s) Details:

Aliva Patnaik,
School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Odisha, PIN-768019, India.

Anupama Bhagat,
School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Odisha, PIN-768019, India.S

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V9/article/view/9461

Estimation of Fluoride and Sirtuin1 in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy in Kolar District of Karnataka, India | Book Publisher International

 Introduction: In Asian nations, the prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic nephropathy is quickly increasing, impacting low- and middle-income people. Fluorosis is an epidemiological concern in the Kolar district, and the current study includes advanced glycation end products, carboxymethyl lysine (CML), and a protein of interest, Sirtuin1. The main goal of the study was to determine the amount of renal injury by correlating fluoride and CML with sirtuin1 of patients.

Materials and Methods: This is a three-group comparative cross-sectional research.

In comparison to group 3, sirtuin1 levels are considerably lower in group 2. In groups 2 and 3, urine F excretion is lower, which is a sign of declining renal function. All of the metrics in group 2 showed a substantial decrease, with the exception of CML, which showed a significant rise when compared to controls. When compared to Group 1, Group 3 had a significant rise in CML. For all of the criteria, the level of significance between groups was fair to exceptional, supporting the premise and goal of the study.

Conclusion: The severity of damage caused by stress during hyperglycemia and fluoride poisoning is indicated by changes in serum sirtuin1 levels. As a result, sirtuin1 can be used as an ageing biomarker. The link between CML, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and fluoride and sirtuin1 suggests that boosting sirtuin1 might help protect against future damage and could be used as a treatment.

Author(s) Details:

R. Sai Deepika
Department of Biochemistry, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India.

K. N. Shashidhar
Department of Biochemistry, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India.

A. Raveesha
Department of General Medicine, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India.

View Book: https://stm.bookpi.org/EFSPDNKDKI/article/view/7155

Determining the Physicochemical Parameters of Soil and Groundwater in Kaltungo LGA, Gombe State, Nigeria | Chapter 12 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

 Groundwater and soil samples were collected in Kaltungo LGA, Gombe State, in April 2012 to determine the quality of the groundwater (dry season). The purpose of this research was to look at various physicochemical parameters of drinking water samples collected from hand-dug wells and boreholes that had not been treated before use. The purpose was to establish the quality of water from various sources as a result of reported dental fluorosis. Intake of large amounts of fluoride during the early infancy years, when both the deciduous and permanent dentition are growing, has been linked to dental fluorosis. Ten soil and groundwater samples were gathered from four sampling sites, with two samples collected as a control from the Billiri LGA. On the samples obtained, the parameters nitrate, sulphate, phosphate, chloride, fluoride, electrical conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, temperature, turbidity, total hardness, and total alkalinity were determined using a standard procedure. The following variances in the examined parameters in samples were discovered by the data: Temperature: 24.5-27.3oC, pH: 5.47-7.50, electrical conductivity (EC): 700-20,000 s/cm, total hardness: 60.70-979.6 mg/L, alkalinity: 24.10-79.03 mg/L, turbidity: 0.06-95.40 NTU, phosphate: 0.05-0.80 mg/L, fluoride: 1.31-1.97 mg/L, nitrate: 19.40- The bulk of the examined indicators were found in excess of the World Health Organization's permissible thresholds for drinking water quality criteria in the Kaltungo samples. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation were used to describe the findings.

Author(S) Details

Casimir E. Gimba
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.

George I. Ndukwe
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.

Elaoyi D. Paul
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.

James D. Habila
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.

Lamis A. Madaki
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V3/article/view/4016

Investigation on Groundwater Quality and Treatment for Fluoride Reduction in Kaltungo, Gombe State, Nigeria | Chapter 4 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 3

The residents of Kaltungo town rely on groundwater from hand dug wells and boreholes to meet their water demands, however children who grow up in the town during their teething years develop mottled teeth. The mottling of teeth is hypothesised to be induced by chemical properties in the town's drinking water sources. The physico-chemical characteristics of Kaltungo groundwater were determined over a 12-month period. Conductivity, pH, chloride, iron, copper, lead, zinc, fluoride, cadmium, nitrates, TH, total alkalinity (TA), and fluoride were investigated as physical qualities, while conductivity, pH, chloride, iron, copper, lead, zinc, fluoride, cadmium, nitrates, TH, total alkalinity (TA), and fluoride were investigated as chemical characteristics. Nine water samples were gathered monthly during the experiment, three from three manually dug wells and six from six boreholes. Except for iron and fluoride, all physical parameters were within their maximum ranges, with the exception of temperature, which had a mean of 29.7°C, which was still within ambient temperature. The majority of the chemical values were lower than the maximum levels recommended. Hand dug wells had iron concentrations ranging from 0.13 to 1.60 mg/l and boreholes had concentrations ranging from 0.07 to 2.35 mg/l, while fluoride concentrations in hand dug wells were 1.58 to 2.30 mg/l and boreholes were 1.29 to 1.90 mg/l. Iron had mean monthly levels of 0.9 mg/l, while fluoride had 1.66 mg/l, both of which are over the required iron and fluoride amounts of 0.3 mg/l and 1.5 mg/l, respectively. Treatments for flouride elimination were carried out utilising readily available and economical materials such as alum, bone charcoal, and Moringa olifera seeds. When treated with doses greater than 10g/l of raw water, fluoride concentrations in the water were lowered by 15% to 43%. To avoid tooth mottling, it is advised that Kaltungo groundwater be treated for fluoride removal before ingestion.

Author (S) Details

S. B. Onoja

Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.

M. O. Udochukwu

Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.

J. F. Malum

Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V3/article/view/37245

 

White Spot Lesions in Patients with Orthodontic Appliances| Chapter 3 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 14

 White spot lesions (WSLs) can appear as an undesirable situation on the teeth during and after fixed orthodontic treatment, compromising treatment results and facial esthetic. White spots lesions are areas of demineralization on the surface of the tooth enamel that can occur during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances, such as brackets, tubes, or orthodontic rings. They are found on the labial surface of the teeth, primarily on the labial-gingival portion of the crown of the teeth. White spots can be seen even after one month of bonding fixed appliances, or after six or twelve months. The appearance of WSLs is caused by the process of demineralization of the tooth enamel. Orthodontists can and should reduce unfavorable complications during orthodontic treatment. WSLs can appear due to a number of risk factors. The most common cause of this occurrence is improper and poor oral hygiene. Before bonding fixed orthodontic appliances, excellent oral hygiene is required to avoid side effects of having orthodontic braces. There are numerous studies in the literature for the prevention and treatment of white spot lesions. Fluoride (in toothpaste, gels and solutions for the mouth, bonding materials for orthodontic braces, fluoride varnish), Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) in topical crème, micro abrasion, and using resin to full fil lesions can all help with the remineralization process.

Author (S) Details

Dr. Irena Gavrilovikj
Faculty of Dental Medicine, University “Ss Cyril and Methodious”, Dental Clinical Centar, Majka Tereza br 17 Skopje, N. Macedonia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V14/article/view/1649

Research on Sustainable Conversion of Agriculture and Food Waste into Activated Carbons Devoted to Fluoride Removal from Drinking Water in Senegal | Chapter 7 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 8

 The aim of this research was to look into the development of activated carbons (AC) from cashew shells and millet stalks, as well as their fluoride retention ability. Senegalese agricultural residues were collected. It is well known that certain Senegalese areas, known as the groundnut basin, suffer from a public health issue caused by an abundance of fluoride in the drinking water consumed by these people. No other chemical compounds were applied to the activated carbons, which were made by combining pyrolysis and activation with water steam. The activated carbonaceous materials collected from cashew shells and millet stalks, respectively, were dubbed CS-H₂O and MS-H₂O. CS-H₂O and MS-H2O have excellent adsorbent properties, with current carbon content ranging from 71 to 86 percent. For CS-H₂O and MS-H₂O, the BET surface areas are 942 m²:g ⁻¹ and 1234 m²:g ⁻¹, respectively. Under the same conditions, a third activated carbon was made from food wastes and coagulation-flocculation sludge (FW/CFS-H₂O). FW/CFS- H₂O contains 32.6 and 39.3 percent carbon and calcium, respectively. With all of these activated carbons, kinetics sorption was done, and the pseudo-first equation was used to explain the kinetics sorption. The best activated carbon from kinetics sorption was used to conduct fluoride adsorption isotherms with synthetic and natural water. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to explain the experimental results. In terms of equilibrium data, the Langmuir model better describes the experimental data than the Freundlich model. The results revealed that carbonaceous materials made from CS-H₂O and MS-H₂O were only marginally effective at removing fluoride. The adsorption potential of FW/CFS-H₂O is 28.48 m²:g ⁻¹ with r² = 0:99 as compared to synthetic water.

Author (s) Details

Mohamad M. Diémé
Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique des Matériaux, Université Assane Seck, BP 523, Ziguinchor, Sénégal.

Maxime Hervy
Ecole des Mines de Nantes, laboratoire GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes cedex 3, France.

Saïdou N. Diop
Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique des Matériaux, Université Assane Seck, BP 523, Ziguinchor, Sénégal.

Claire Gérente
Ecole des Mines de Nantes, laboratoire GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes cedex 3, France.

Audrey Villot
Ecole des Mines de Nantes, laboratoire GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes cedex 3, France.

Yves Andres
Ecole des Mines de Nantes, laboratoire GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes cedex 3, France.

Courfia K. Diawara
Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique des Matériaux, Université Assane Seck, BP 523, Ziguinchor, Sénégal.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CPCS-V8/issue/view/43