Entomological Surveillance and Breeding Site Productivity of Aedes Aegypti at the Autonomous Port of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire | Chapter 12 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 10

 

Mosquitoes of the genus Aedes are major vectors of arboviruses of global public health importance and rank among the most invasive insect species, with their spread closely associated with international trade and transport. Entomological surveillance initiated in 2009 as part of strengthened epidemiological monitoring detected the presence of Aedes albopictus at the Port of Abidjan. To assess the population dynamics of Aedes mosquitoes and the associated health risks, a study was conducted from April to December 2014, combining ovitrap monitoring at ten-day intervals with monthly larval surveys. All adults emerging from ovitraps were identified as Aedes aegypti. Oviposition site selection was influenced by surrounding vegetation and the intensity of human activity. The larval habitats identified were dominated by tarpaulins and used tyres, habitats linked to port logistics and cargo handling. Aedes aegypti infested most positive breeding sites, with tarpaulins and cavities in concrete poles representing the most productive habitats. These findings indicate that port environments function as critical interfaces between local transmission and the international dissemination of vectors and arboviruses. They underscore the need to integrate entomological surveillance and control of artificial breeding sites into port biosecurity strategies to prevent the introduction, establishment, and export of vectors, in line with global health security priorities and the implementation of the International Health Regulations.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Lucien Yao Konan
Vector Control Department, National Institute of Public Hygiene, Côte d’Ivoire.

 

Blaise Atioumounan Koné
Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene, Côte d’Ivoire.

 

Daniel Kouadio Ekra
Expanded Program of Immunization, Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene, Côte d’Ivoire.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v10/7218

Ageing Populations and the Future of Geriatric Health Care | Chapter 11 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 10

 

Population ageing is likely to become a global concern as the proportion of the older population is rapidly increasing. This review intends to consolidate the evidence available in the world regarding the epidemiological, clinical, social and policy aspects of population ageing to emphasise its increasing burden and its impact on health-system preparedness. Based on a narrative review methodology which uses international databases, peer-reviewed literature and large organisational reports from 2000-2024, the research presents significant patterns of multimorbidity, non-communicable diseases, frailty, cognitive decline, social determinants, and gaps in geriatric care provision. Findings indicate that the accelerated pace of demographic ageing, particularly in low- and middle-income nations, has exacerbated the prevalence of chronic illnesses, functional impairment, and caregiving; and has revealed laggards in the current state of long-term care systems, labour shortages, disintegrated service provision, and endemic ageism. Solutions that have emerged, such as the integrated, person-centred care model, age-friendly environment, and technological innovations to aid in managing chronic diseases, are also observed as part of the analysis. The review finds that to deal with the multi-sectoral, equity-based solutions needed to face the complex challenges of global ageing, the health systems, social protection, and community structures need to be aligned to improve resilience, functional ability, and dignified and healthy ageing among diverse groups of people.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Abdulhameed G. Albeshr
King Abdulaziz Medical City for National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

 

Yazeed A. Alhabdan
King Abdulaziz Medical City for National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

 

Abeer M. Alghamdi
King Abdulaziz Medical City for National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

 

Amal H. Alshubeki
King Abdulaziz Medical City for National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

 

Amnah M. Alanazi
King Abdulaziz Medical City for National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

 

Ghadah A. Alzahrani
Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

 

Hadeel M. Almutairi
King Abdulaziz Medical City for National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

 

Ibtessam A. Hazazi
King Abdulaziz Medical City for National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

 

Joud A. Basfar
King Abdulaziz Medical City for National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

 

Muhannad I. Alhussaini
King Abdulaziz Medical City for National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

 

Nawaf A. Alghamdi
Marley Clinics, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

 

Reham F. Alsaleh
Private Dental Clinic, Riyad, Saudi Arabia.

 

Setah T. Alanazi
King Abdulaziz Medical City for National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

 

Fawaz H. Modahi
King Abdulaziz Medical City for National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v10/7309

Hospital Admission and Stay in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | Chapter 10 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 10

 

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the most common autoimmune disease in humans. This chapter addresses the clinical topic of patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and the most relevant but necessary aspects for the medical community, such as their medical history, key epidemiological data, clinical picture, diagnosis, SLE classification, and estimated lupus activity from the first contact. The most common causes of hospital admission, length of stay, rates of admission to the Intensive Care Unit, mortality and associated factors reported in international and Mexican research are reviewed. The topic of drug therapy is not addressed in this chapter because it was not the main reason for the research.

 

The in-depth reviews of experts and international groups were abandoned in favour of a simple, understandable, and concise narrative of each of the subtopics, supported by the most representative references, illustrated with tables and figures.

 

General practitioners, family physicians, emergency medicine specialists, and various subspecialists frequently have to care for patients with SLE because it is the autoimmune disease with the highest incidence and prevalence in the world. The intention of this chapter is for readers, whether experts or not, to quickly grasp at first glance the most important message of each topic, using a practical approach to facilitate the care of their patients with SLE and accurately answer the most common questions.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Juan Gustavo Vázquez Rodríguez
Intensive Care Unit, High Specialty Medical Unit, Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital No. 3, National Medical Center “La Raza”, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico.

 

Juan Antonio García Bello
High Specialty Medical Unit, Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital No. 3, National Medical Center “La Raza”, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico.

 

Juan Gustavo Vázquez Arredondo
Department of Internal Medicine, High Specialty Medical Unit “Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret” Specialty Hospital, National Medical Center “La Raza”, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v10/7273

Biophotonic Therapy on Hematologic Parameters in Diabetes | Chapter 12 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 6

 

In diabetic patients, haematological alterations are associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a consequence of long-term hyperglycemia. This chapter examines the beneficial effects of biophotonic therapy on hematologic parameters, with particular emphasis on its relevance to diabetes management. Sunlight, a primary natural source of photonic energy, has historically been associated with healing processes, including relief from infections, support of wound repair, and enhancement of general vitality. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying photon-mediated therapies remain incompletely defined, emerging evidence suggests that UV-derived light can modulate immune responses, inhibit microbial replication, and improve peripheral tissue oxygenation. The complex immunologic effects of UV exposure include both vitamin D–mediated immune support and, in excessive doses, immunosuppressive changes accompanied by DNA damage. Notably, biophotonic interventions have been linked to reductions in HbA1c concentrations, representing a potentially significant advance in diabetic care. These effects may stem from the photodissociation of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin, resulting in enhanced oxygen availability and improved tissue regeneration. Collectively, the chapter highlights the therapeutic promise of biophotonic approaches as adjunctive strategies for improving hematologic function and metabolic outcomes in individuals with diabetes.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Orien L. Tulp
Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Montserrat.

 

Syed A. A. Rizvi
Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Montserrat and Larkin Hospital, Miami FL, USA. 

 

George P Einstein
Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Montserrat.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v6/6845

Unusual Presentation of Solitary Fibrous Tumour Prostate: A Case Report | Chapter 11 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 6

 

Background: Solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm of fibroblastic differentiation, characterised by unpredictable biological behaviour. While SFTs are most commonly present in the fifth and sixth decades of life, they are frequently diagnosed incidentally.

 

Aim: This study aims to report and describe a rare case of a solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) involving the prostate/pelvic region, highlighting its clinical presentation, diagnostic process, surgical management, and patient outcome.

 

Case Presentation: A 57-year-old gentleman presented with lower abdominal pain and difficulty in passing urine for six months, and the examination revealed a suprapubic hard mass, which was bimanually palpable. A guided core biopsy from the prostate revealed a high-grade spindle cell neoplasm. The patient subsequently underwent resection of the pelvic tumour along with prostatectomy and permanent suprapubic cystostomy. Postoperative histology confirmed the preoperative diagnosis, and the patient completed adjuvant radiotherapy. He has been disease-free for the last 30 months.

 

Conclusion: SFTs typically arise from the pleura and are often pedunculated, representing about 30% of cases; other commonly affected areas include the meninges (27%), the abdominal cavity (20%), the trunk (10%), the extremities (8%), and the head and neck (5%). Due to their nonspecific clinical presentation, SFTs can be difficult to diagnose, but they are treatable when detected early. Surgical management of SFTs is similar to that of most soft tissue sarcomas, with a goal of wide resection margins and preservation of any critical surrounding organs. It is highly variable based on the location and involved structures. A multidisciplinary team approach with surgeons experienced in sarcoma surgery is recommended for the treatment and management of these tumours.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Ravisankar Palaniappan
Department of General Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Puducherry, 605102, India.

 

S. Narmadha
Department of General Surgery, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Puducherry, 605102, India.

 

M. Appumathi Rogarajan
Surgical Oncologist, ASM Cancer and Skin Clinic, Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Yojitha Sharatha Dalapathy Sankar
Kauvery Medical Centre, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v6/6661

Structural Response of High-Rise Buildings against Dynamic Effect of Wind Forces Coupled with SSI |Chapter 8 | Current Concepts in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 1

 

An effective design of a high-rise structure requires safeguarding both structural and non-structural components against wind-induced forces, which represent one of the primary lateral dynamic loads affecting the structural behaviour of tall buildings. The framed building superstructure consists of reinforced concrete beams, slabs, columns, and walls; it transfers gravity loads (including self-weight and occupancy/live loads) as well as wind forces to the foundation. In conventional structural analysis, the contributions of slab and masonry wall stiffness are frequently overlooked.  The foundation transmits these accumulated loads to the underlying soil, where vertical settlement occurs based on geotechnical characteristics of underlying founding strata, thereby inducing additional stresses within the structure. The foundation supports are typically modelled as either fixed or pinned; however, due to the complexity of full structural analysis, the influence of soil deformability is commonly disregarded.

 

This present research study incorporates a spring-based representation to assess the performance of G+13 RCC building while accounting for soil-foundation interaction, specifically considering a clayey soil layer overlying a soft rock-like medium. The research investigates the coupled effects of soil-structure interaction (SSI) and wind loading on the overall structural behaviour. The results indicate that SSI leads to greater overall resilience of the building against wind forces in comparison to the conventional analysis with the assumption of a fixed base. The increased flexibility introduced by the soft clay and soft rock-like soil at the base significantly amplifies the structural response parameters.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Aditya Kumar Singh
Department of Civil Engineering, MANIT Bhopal, India.

 

Surendra Pratap Singh
Department of Civil Engineering, MANIT Bhopal, India.

 

M. S. Hora
Department of Civil Engineering, MANIT Bhopal, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ccert/v1/7262

 

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Agricultural Production and Farmer Livelihoods in Raipur District, Chhattisgarh, India |Chapter 6 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 7

 

Background: The backbone of the Indian financial system, and the main source of income in rural India, is agriculture. Agriculture and allied businesses are crucial for the sustainable growth and development of the Indian economy. The COVID-19 illness significantly impacted the agricultural supply chain, from the industrial hub to the final consumer.

 

Aim: This study aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 on farmers’ production in Raipur District of Chhattisgarh.

 

Methods: The study was conducted in agricultural years 2019–20 and 2020–21. By selecting sample villages, the study's data were gathered from 300 households and 50 migrant and non-migrant workers in the Chhattisgarh district of Raipur. Primary data was collected from the farmers using a personal interview method, a well-planned schedule, and a questionnaire. Secondary data was gathered from Census reports, the Labour Bureau, Chhattisgarh, the Government of Chhattisgarh, the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, and various reputable journals, articles, and books. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and paired sample t-tests, were employed.

 

Results: The study found that the maize crop had the highest yield loss, mostly -5.13 per cent, which is due to untimely harvest and unavailability of labour. Also, lak/teora crop yield decreased by -2.83 per cent. Also, the findings indicated that the yield of paddy, vegetables (Bitter guard, brinjal ladies finger and bottle guard), and Arhar had increased by 16.18, 60.76, 61.39, 39.87, 59.74 and 14.28 per cent respectively from previous years yield. The real impact in the case of crop production was seen in the prices of farm produce. The return of migrant workers also increased production; it was found from the study that agriculture was the only source of income for every household during the lockdown. Farmers experienced a shortage of agricultural inputs like seeds, fertilisers, and pesticides as a result of world trade disruption.

 

Conclusion: A significant relationship was observed between the COVID-19 pandemic and agricultural production in the study area. The study recommends increasing investments in vital logistics to sustain the demand for agricultural commodities and supporting start-ups and e-commerce businesses through appropriate policies and incentives.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Pratiksha Tripathi
Department of Agricultural Economics, IGKV, Raipur, India.

 

Hulas Pathak
Department of Agricultural Economics, IGKV, Raipur, India.

 

V. K. Choudhary
Department of Agricultural Economics, IGKV, Raipur, India.

 

Maunika Akula
Department of Agricultural Economics, IGKV, Raipur, India.

 

Jwala Parte
Department of Agricultural Economics, IGKV, Raipur, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v7/7202