Foundations of Mathematical Modeling and Dynamical Systems with Applications | Book Publisher International

 

One of the most effective methods for comprehending, evaluating, and forecasting the behaviour of real-world systems that arise in the fields of science, engineering, biology, economics, and the social sciences is mathematical modelling. Models give researchers a methodical framework for investigating system dynamics, testing theories, and directing decision-making by converting physical, biological, or socioeconomic processes into mathematical language.

 

The goal of this book is to present a thorough, organised, and understandable introduction to mathematical modelling based on continuous dynamical systems, with a focus on ordinary differential equations. The presentation integrates theoretical foundations, qualitative analysis, and computational tools, allowing readers to transition seamlessly from model creation to analytical insight and numerical exploration.

 

The introductory chapters present essential ideas of mathematical modelling, encompassing modelling assumptions, variable selection, parameter interpretation, and dimensional consistency. Continuous first-order differential equations are formulated using compelling examples from natural and applied sciences, thus building a robust conceptual foundation.

 

The qualitative theory of dynamical systems, including linearization, equilibrium analysis, and stability theory, is the main topic of the following chapters. These methods make it possible to comprehend the behaviour of long-term systems without depending on explicit solutions, which are frequently not available for nonlinear models.

 

Then, bifurcation theory is introduced to show how qualitative changes in system dynamics can result from minor changes in parameters. In applied models, bifurcations that are often encountered are given particular consideration. Biological, ecological, and engineering systems are used to illustrate the analytical and geometric methods for identifying and characterizing periodic solutions that are developed in the limit cycles chapter.

 

The final chapter is dedicated to simulation techniques, acknowledging the essential role of computation in contemporary modelling. Numerical approaches, phase-plane simulations, and computational tools like MATLAB are employed to enhance analytical findings and to explore intricate systems that exceed closed-form analysis.

 

This book is designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, along with academics and practitioners pursuing a comprehensive introduction to mathematical modelling and dynamical systems. The information is appropriate for courses in applied mathematics, mathematical biology, engineering mathematics, and associated fields. The literature reinforces theory using examples, pictures, and simulations to enhance intuition and practical comprehension.

 

It is intended that this book will give readers the mathematical rigour and modelling understanding they need to examine real-world occurrences and create insightful models for a variety of application domains

 

 

Author(s) Details

Dr. K. Ramesh
Anurag University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

 

Dr. G. Ranjith Kumar
Anurag University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

 

Dr. K. Lakshmi Narayan
Department of Humanities & Sciences, VJIT, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

 

Dr. A. V. Papa Rao
Department of Mathematics, JNTU-GV College of Engineering, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-69006-52-1

Critical Success Factors in the Implementation of Healthcare Information Systems in Developing Countries | Chapter 10 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 6

 

Many developing countries face persistent barriers to implementing healthcare information systems (HIS). Weak regulatory frameworks and outdated digital infrastructure remain key challenges. Bangladesh illustrates this situation, where fragmented services and limited electronic patient records reduce access to quality healthcare. Evidence suggests that standardised hospital information systems can improve patient management and service efficiency. However, successful adoption requires strong institutional and policy support. This chapter synthesises the critical factors influencing HIS implementation in developing country contexts. It draws on a systematic literature review grounded in information systems research. Eight core studies were identified from IEEE Xplore, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect following rigorous screening of 4,014 records. Twelve success factors emerged and were grouped into four policy-relevant themes. Effective resource allocation and governance capacity were identified as the most decisive factors for sustainable HIS implementation.

 

Author(s) Details

 

Shafiqur Rahman
International Open University, Australia.

 

Aminul Islam
Prince Mohammad bin Fahd University, KSA.

 

Sweta Thakur
IT School, King’s Own Institute, Australia.

 

Md Badiuzzaman
Information Technology and Engineering, Sydney Metropolitan Institute of Technology, Australia.

 

Nasrin Huda
University Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v6/7133

Implementing Healthcare Information Systems in Developing Countries: Challenges and Lessons Learned | Chapter 9 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 6

 

Information systems (IS) have permeated every facet of life, including healthcare. While developed nations efficiently employ information systems in healthcare, developing countries face significant challenges. In many developing countries, sustainable Healthcare Information Systems (HIS) are constrained by weak policies and outdated technologies. In Bangladesh, fragmented and largely non-digital health records continue to limit access to effective care. Evidence shows that standardised hospital information systems can improve patient management and allow healthcare providers to serve more patients efficiently. This study reviews the main barriers to HIS implementation in developing countries using a systematic literature review (SLR). Relevant studies were drawn from IEEE Xplore, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect. From an initial pool of 4,014 papers, 11 studies were selected through rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria. The review identifies 24 key barriers to HIS adoption, grouped into six categories: limited funding, poor infrastructure, low education and awareness, cultural and political constraints, resistance to change, and weak system quality. The study concludes that addressing these barriers is a complex, long-term process often compounded by limited research in developing countries. To overcome these barriers and promote the effective adoption of IS in healthcare, the study recommends focusing on improving infrastructure, securing funding, enhancing training, ensuring system quality, addressing cultural barriers, managing resistance, planning long-term, fostering collaboration, leveraging data-driven decisions, and building local capacity. The journey towards effective HIS implementation in developing countries is marked by complex challenges, but this study highlights critical areas for intervention. Future research and collaborative efforts are crucial to bridging the healthcare technology gap and ultimately improving healthcare outcomes for the populations of these countries.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Shafiqur Rahman
International Open University, Australia.

 

Aminul Islam
Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, KSA.

 

Sweta Thakur
King’s Own Institute, Australia.

 

Md Badiuzzaman
Information Technology and Engineering, Sydney Metropolitan Institute of Technology, Australia.

 

Nasrin Huda
University Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v6/7132

Dairy Calcium Supplementation and Its Effects on Body Fat, Plasma Leptin and Glucose Levels in Obese Postmenopausal Women | Chapter 6 | Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 6

 

The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CADIA) study of young overweight adults, black and white, demonstrated that dietary patterns characterised by increased dairy consumption had an inverse association with insulin resistance in their study population. The inclusion of low or non-fat dairy products, which provide additional calcium in the diet, may promote increased weight loss and improve insulin resistance. Therefore, supplementing dairy products to obese subjects on a caloric-restricted diet may be a useful strategy to enhance weight loss and improve insulin resistance. The study assesses dairy Calcium supplementation and its effects on body Fat, plasma leptin and glucose levels in obese postmenopausal women. This prospective randomised study of 3 months, parallel trial on the effect of non-fat / low-fat dairy calcium combined with energy restriction in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. The study therefore tested the short-term effects of supplementing 56 overweight or obese (body mass index [BMI] >26 kg/m2) post menopausal women on a caloric-restricted diet (1,400 kilocalories [kcal]) with two levels of dairy as yoghurt on body composition, blood insulin, leptin and glucose concentration. The group consuming four supplemented dairy servings (DS-4) was provided ~1400 mg Ca/day, and the group consuming two supplemented dairy servings (DS-2) were provided ~800 mg Ca/day.

 

Over the 3-months daily energy intake averaged 51% carbohydrate, 20.7% of protein and 27.6% of fat for both groups. At 3 months, the DS-4 group demonstrated decreased weight (87.7 to 86.2 kg, P=0.001), BMI (33.5 to 32.8 kg/m2, P < 0.001), total fat (36.1 to 34.7 kg, P<0.001), and trunk fat (18.3 to 17.6 kg, P < 0.001). There were non-significant decreases in plasma glucose (74.7 to 71.1 mg/dl, P=0.494), leptin (32.5 to 31.3 µg/L, P=0.231) and insulin. For the DS-2 group, there was decreased weight (86.4 to 84.4 kg, p<0.02), BMI (32.5 to 31.8 kg/m2, P=0.002), total fat (37.3 to 35.4 kg, P=0.003), trunk fat (17.1 to 16.5 kg, P = 0.27) and plasma leptin (27.8 to 25.2 µg/L, P=0.114). The DS-2 group demonstrated a surprising and significant increase in the fasting blood glucose, with a marginally significant increase in insulin resistance as measured by HOMA at 3 months. We observed a significant treatment effect between the DS-2 and DS-4 groups for: % energy from fat (P=0.025), % energy from protein (P=0.047) and leptin (P=0.044). The study report that in a population of obese/overweight postmenopausal women supplementing their diet with dairy which provided a total estimated calcium intake of ~1400 mg/day (i.e. DS-4) was successful in the reduction of trunk fat and plasma glucose, while dairy calcium and caloric restriction decreased weight, BMI, total body fat, and insulin and leptin during the intervention. In contrast, the supplemented group ingesting 800 mg/d of dairy calcium (i.e. DS-2) in combination with caloric restriction provided significant increases in plasma glucose and insulin resistance.

 

Our study demonstrated the expected weight loss with caloric restriction, but a paradoxical increase in blood glucose levels with dairy supplementation provided to maintain baseline calcium intake. Increasing dairy supplementation abrogated this small increase in fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance. The benefits of dairy calcium supplementation may be dependent on both the dose and the context of overall caloric intake.

 

Author(s) Details

Dina H. Fakhrawi
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.

 

Carol J. Lammi-Keefe
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA and College of Agriculture, LSU, Agricultural Center, and Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.

 

W. Lawrence Beeson
School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA and Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, USA.

 

T. Allan Darnell
School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

 

Anthony Firek
J L Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Endocrinology, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

 

Zaida R. Cordero-MacIntyre
School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, USA and Whittier College, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Whittier, CA, USA.

 

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/fsarh/v6/7123

Effects of Energy Restriction and Dairy Consumption on Lipids and Bone Health in Overweight and Obese Postmenopausal Women | Chapter 5 | Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 6

 

Background: Women in the post-menopausal stage of life are susceptible to a number of chronic health conditions related to obesity and osteoporosis. Dairy products represent one of the five core food groups embedded in most dietary guidelines worldwide. Dietary calcium, particularly from dairy sources, has been widely studied for its potential role in improving bone health and supporting weight management.

 

Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the association between lipids and bone mineral density (BMD) in overweight/obese postmenopausal women placed on a dairy calcium weight-reduction diet.

 

Methodology: A total of 56 overweight/obese postmenopausal women (mean age: 55.61±8.19; mean BMI: 32.95±6.12 kg/m2; mean weight: 86.88±17.25 kg; and mean BMD level: 1.05±0.17 g/cm2) were randomly assigned into a low dairy servings [DS-2] (800 mg/d of calcium or high diary servings [DS-4] (1400 mg/d of calcium) diet to evaluate differences in bone mineral density (BMD), body mass index (BMI) and lipid profiles (total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-C), and triacylglycerol (TAG)) during a 3 month lifestyle education program. The study conducted repeated measures ANOVA (group × time interaction) with Tukey-Kramer post hoc tests, Spearman and Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regression analyses.

 

Results: For the high calcium group, the change “D” in values at 3 months compared to baseline were: ∆BMD: 0.03 (p=0.31); DBMI: -0.69 (P=0.005); ∆LDL: -25.41 (p<0.001); DHDL: 3.49 (p=0.365); ∆TC: -22.14 (p=0.004) and ∆TAG: -1.97 (p=0.998). In the low calcium group, the 3 month – baseline changes were: ∆BMD: -0.04 (p=0.69); DBMI: -0.74 (P=0.002); ∆LDL: -10.86 (p=0.314); DHDL: 3.99 (p=0.269); ∆TC: -5.96 (p=0.769) and ∆TAG: 4.53 (p=0.97). ∆BMD was correlated with ∆LDL and ∆TC: r=-0.27 (p=0.052) and r=-0.27 (p=0.054), respectively.

 

Conclusion: This study concludes that overweight/obese post-menopausal women who were placed on a dairy calcium weight-reduction diet during a 3-month educational program had lower in BMI, LDL, TC and higher HDL values. Although this study observed a positive correlation between ∆LDL and ∆TC, and a negative correlation for ∆BMD with ∆LDL and ∆TC, the study concluded suggest an association between bone mineral density and lipid profile in postmenopausal overweight and obese women. Further research and analysis using larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to clarify the relationship between an atherogenic lipid profile and bone mineral density.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Dina H. Fakhrawi
Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

 

W. Lawrence Beeson
Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA and Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

 

Narmina Mamed
Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

 

T. Allan Darnell
Center for Health Promotion, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

 

Zaida Cordero-MacIntyre
Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA and Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/fsarh/v6/7122

 

Financing Fixed Assets of SMEs in Cameroon: The Rule of Minimum Financial Balance in this Context| Chapter 6 | Economics, Business and Management: Recent Advances Vol. 1

 

The balanced financial structure of firms is not a new issue in financial analysis. However, the respect of the rule of minimum financial balance within the context of SMEs, characterised by the rationing of capital, particularly bank credit, constitutes a new avenue for research. The main aim of this study is to highlight the breaking of the minimum financial balance rule by companies and propose ways of financing the long and medium term needs of SMEs in a context of excessive rationing of bank credit in order to obtain a balanced financial structure. In order to highlight the sources of financing for the long and medium-term needs of SMEs, a simple random sampling method was used. The researcher collected data from two surveys, the first based on the observation of 100 Cameroonian SMEs, from 2017 to 2023, in which we focus on the frequencies of the alternative methods of financing the assets of SMEs. On the data of the second survey performed between 2013 and 2016 on 452 SMEs in Cameroon, the researcher applied a Logit regression to empirically explain the probability of the choice of the mode of financing made in the presence of credit rationing and used the techniques leading to a mode of financing to highlight the modes of financing chosen by SMEs. The sample was made up mainly of companies having 9 years of experience (68.6%). They are followed by SMEs with more than 10 years of survival (28.57%) and those with 5 years (2.85%). The study results show the following modes of financing: For the first survey, equity, savings and loan associations (tontines), assistance from friends and family members, microfinance institutions, intercompany credit, leasing institutions, and bank credit. For the second survey: savings and loan associations, microfinance institutions, intercompany credit, help from friends and family members, contributions of partners, leasing institutions, and the issue of new shares are found as the main modes of financing. The field study reveals that the structure of financing of SMEs violates the rule of minimum financial balance. Therefore, the study proposed ways of enabling SMEs to comply with this rule and ensure their financial safety. These findings can be important in line with the Modigliani and Miller, Myers and Majluf, and Quintart models if the question of the financing of SMEs in the context of excessive credit rationing is to be addressed.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Ndjeck Noé
FSEGA, University of Douala, Cameroon.

 

Eugène Mohe
ENSET, University of Douala, Cameroon.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ebmra/v1/2939

Ethical Leadership of Managers in Jubail City, Saudi Arabia: A Case Study |Chapter 5 | Economics, Business and Management: Recent Advances Vol. 1

 

This book chapter examines the ethical leadership of managers in organisations in Jubail City, Saudi Arabia. The need for ethical leadership in organization steam from many scandals both in the public and corporate sectors, which have created an interest in studying ethical leadership in organisations. Furthermore, in an increasingly complex and interconnected world, the role of managers in Jubail, Saudi Arabia, extends beyond traditional operational oversight to encompass the ethical dimensions of leadership. "Ethical Leadership of Managers" delves into the crucial intersection of management practices and ethical decision-making, offering a comprehensive examination of how ethical leadership can shape organisational culture, influence employee behaviour, and drive sustainable success. This insightful volume draws on interdisciplinary research, blending theories from management, psychology, and philosophy to provide a robust framework for understanding ethical leadership in contemporary organisations. Through real-world case studies and empirical evidence, the book illustrates the profound impact that ethical leaders can have in fostering an environment of trust, accountability, and inclusivity. The result show that most managers in various organizations in Saudi Arabia agree that ethical issues such as communicating clear ethical standards for members, being honest can be trusted to tell the truth, insisting on doing what is fair and ethical even if it is difficult, acknowledging mistakes and accepting responsibility for them, and regard honesty and integrity as important personal values were things on which they agreed completely. Most of the managers were in disagreement with issues related to holding members accountable for using ethical practice in their work and putting the needs of others above their own self-interest, being fair and objective when evaluating member performance and providing rewards, and finally setting out an example of dedication and self-sacrifice for the organisation. The highest disagreement in percentage 20% disagree that they hold members accountable for using ethical practice in their work and seconded by 23.34% disagreement of managers in putting the needs of others above their own self-interest, 6.66% disagree on being fair and objective when evaluating member performance and providing rewards, 6.64% disagrees on setting out an example of dedication and self-sacrifice for the organization.

 

Readers of this book chapter will explore key themes such as the role of ethical leadership in crisis management, the implications of ethical decision-making for stakeholder engagement, and the necessity of cultivating an ethical organisational climate. Furthermore, the book presents practical strategies and actionable insights for current and aspiring managers, equipping them with the tools to navigate ethical dilemmas and promote ethical standards within their teams. By emphasising the importance of self-awareness, moral reasoning, and effective communication, "Ethical Leadership of Managers" serves as an essential guide for those seeking to lead with integrity in their organisations. Ultimately, this book advocates for a transformative approach to leadership—one that prioritises ethical considerations as fundamental to achieving long-term organisational success and societal benefit, reaffirming the vital role of managers as ethical stewards in the workplace.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Asan Vernyuy Wirba

Department of Business Administration, Jubail Industrial College (JIC), The Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu, KSA.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ebmra/v1/1706