Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Salvia freyniana Bornm. Ex Freyn (Endemic Species) and the Significance of its Major Constituents | Chapter 6 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 7

 

Lamiaceae, one of the world's richest plant families in terms of diversity, encompasses a significant portion of plant taxa endemic to the Mediterranean region. Salvia L., among the largest and most widespread genera of this family, comprises approximately 1.000 species in Central America, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia. In the Flora of Türkiye, the Salvia genus is represented by 100 species and 114 taxa, with a very high endemism rate of 50.88%. Taxa belonging to the Salvia genus have a very wide range of uses, primarily in the medical, pharmaceutical, food, perfumery, cosmetic, and cleaning product industries. Generally herbaceous, semi-shrub, or shrubby perennial plants, Salvia species rarely exhibit biennial or annual life forms and are characteristically strongly aromatic. These aromatic properties are due to the essential oils contained within the plants. Salvia freyniana Bornm. Ex Freyn, a species endemic to the Flora of Türkiye, is a perennial plant that can grow to a height of 15–35 cm and has clusters of lilac-blue flowers. The species flowers in May–June and is distributed at altitudes between 900 and 1200 m. The composition of the essential oil obtained from the flowering parts of S. freyniana collected from its natural distribution areas during full flowering was determined by GC-MS analysis. According to the analysis results, among the 30 components identified in essential oil, camphor (16.6%), eucalyptol (15.9%), and spathulenol (11.1%) stood out as the main components. When the component groups were evaluated, it was determined that oxygenated sesquiterpenes constituted the most dominant fraction and represent the main component group of S. freyniana essential oil. Camphor has particular importance due to its versatile potential for use in medicinal, cosmetic, and industrial fields. Eucalyptol (1,8-cineol) is a monoterpene widely used in pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Spathulenol, on the other hand, is an important biologically active component known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative effects. Consequently, S. freyniana essential oil, with its high camphor, eucalyptol, and spathulenol content, reveals that this endemic species is a valuable natural resource from a pharmaceutical and industrial perspective.

 

 

Author(s) Details

BELGİN COŞGE ŞENKAL
Yozgat Bozok University, Türkiye.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v7/7045

Employee Retention in AI-Enabled Hospitality Organisations: An Explanatory Study Using the Technology Acceptance Model | Chapter 5 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 7

 

Employee retention remains a persistent challenge in the hospitality industry due to high labour intensity, emotional labour demands, and volatile employment conditions. At the same time, hospitality organisations are increasingly adopting artificial intelligence (AI)–enabled human resource (HR) systems to improve efficiency and decision-making. While prior research emphasises the role of HR practices in shaping employee retention, it largely overlooks how employees’ acceptance of technology conditions the effectiveness of these practices in AI-enabled organisational contexts. Drawing on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and insights from established HR and motivation theories, this study examines the relationships between core HR practices, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and employees’ intention to stay in AI-enabled hospitality organisations. Using an explanatory research design, data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to employees of four- and five-star hotels in Kolkata, India. A total of 193 valid responses were analysed using reliability analysis, correlation analysis, hierarchical regression, and mediation–moderation testing with the PROCESS macro. The results indicate that compensation and benefits have a significant direct effect on intention to stay, while training and development, career development, and performance appraisal do not exhibit significant direct effects. Importantly, perceived usefulness mediates the relationship between HR practices and intention to stay, whereas perceived ease of use moderates the effectiveness of HR practices by shaping employees’ acceptance of AI-enabled HR systems.

 

The findings extend the Technology Acceptance Model beyond technology adoption to explain employee retention and offer a socio-technical perspective on HR effectiveness in AI-enabled hospitality contexts. The study provides actionable insights for hospitality managers seeking to leverage AI-enabled HR systems to strengthen employee retention.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Mahasweta Ghosh
NSHM, Durgapur, India.

 

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v7/7014

Fabrication of Novel Guar Gum-g-poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Superabsorbent Nanocomposite, Its Characterisation, Swelling Properties and Investigation of Reaction Parameters | Chapter 7 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 6

 

Superabsorbent polymers are high-performance synthetic polymers having outstanding water-absorbing capacity. This chapter emphasises the fabrication of novel biopolymer-based superabsorbent nanocomposite using guar gum (GG) and methylmethacrylate (MMA) by free radical graft copolymerisation reaction with boric acid as a cross-linking agent and hydrogen peroxide as an initiator in a complete aqueous solution.  The fabricated superabsorbent nanocomposite has excellent water absorption capacity. Absorbency of the superabsorbent composite was measured by the free swelling method and calculated in terms of percentage swelling. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was carried out to confirm the grafting of methyl methacrylate onto guar gum. The morphological study of the composite was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) confirms the stability of the nanocomposite. The composite was characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study its crystalline nature. The water absorption capacity of the superabsorbent was measured in distilled water by the free swelling method as a function of percentage swelling and found to be 3000%. The effect of reaction parameters such as guar gum concentration, monomer concentration, initiator concentration, cross-linker concentration and temperature was investigated. The percentage swelling of the superabsorbent composite was studied at various pH values between 2.0 and 13.0. The swelling behaviour of the composite was also examined in saline solutions. The swelling behaviour of the composite was also examined in saline solutions. The result shows that swelling capacity is decreased by increasing the ionic strength of the swelling medium. This behaviour is because of the charge screening effect for monovalent cations as well as ionic crosslinking for multivalent cations. The prepared superabsorbent composite can be used in various applications like agriculture, horticulture, removal of toxic dyes, oil spill cleaning, etc.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Kartika Rathore
Applied and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur–342011, Rajasthan, India.

 

Sangeeta Loonker
Applied and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur–342011, Rajasthan, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v6/6852

Utilisation of GG-g-PMMA/bentonite Superabsorbent Composite for the Effective Removal of Eriochrome Black-T Dye by the Process of Adsorption | Chapter 6 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 6

 

Release of dyeing effluents into water is one of the major factors contributing to water pollution. Eriochrome black T (EBT) is a synthetic dye which causes serious water pollution and affects humans due to its carcinogenic nature. This chapter emphasises the removal of EBT by the utilisation of GG-g-PMMA/bentonite composite by the process of adsorption. The adsorption experiments were carried out batch-wise in acidic as well as alkaline media. The concentration of dye was determined using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The various reaction parameters, such as pH, dye concentration, time till adsorption was carried out and adsorbent dose, were thoroughly studied to optimise the conditions for the removal of dye using the composite. The results obtained indicate that the prepared composite showed the maximum percentage removal of 89 % at 6 pH value. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were employed to evaluate the adsorption property of the composite. The results obtained show that the adsorption of dye on the surface of the composite follows Langmuir adsorption. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations were applied for the kinetic study. The findings indicate that pseudo second order kinetic reaction clearly explains the data obtained on the basis of the correlation coefficient.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Kartika Rathore
Applied and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur–342011, Rajasthan, India.

 

Sangeeta Loonker
Applied and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur–342011, Rajasthan, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v6/6885

Book of Economic Development and Entrepreneurship | Book Publisher International

 

The published book chapters and related research were shared at the International Conference for Business and Management Dynamics (ICBMD), which strives to stimulate research at the crossroads of business management and economic development. Like many ICBMD conferences, this book brings together several scholars and researchers to address the evolving landscape of economic development and entrepreneurship.

 

The entrepreneurial scholarship of this book seeks to explain the equity of position and value afforded to entrepreneurship in the development theory of contemporary societies. More specifically, it seeks to tackle the fundamental societal issues of structural disequilibrium, continuing unemployment, technological unemployment, and ultimately, the sustainable development of society as a whole. The entrepreneurship scholarship of this book is situated at the nexus of a firm, market, and socio-economic activities. Within the socio-economic activities, the book examines entrepreneurial activities within the systemic constraints of the culture, innovation, and public policy of the socio-economic systems. Most importantly, this book is the ICBMD's theory and practice integration to the global and regional development phenomenon.

 

We now have a wide variety of contributions from Africa and the Global South for this edition. This preference is noted in the ICBMD’s scholarship geographies. Peripheral regions in terms of the academic publishing of the sub-disciplines of economics are crucial for the inclusive growth, industrialisation and sustainable development scholarship streams. The contributions focus on: entrepreneurial ecosystems, small and medium enterprise (SME) development, innovation-driven growth, digital entrepreneurship, youth and women entrepreneurship, and the inputs of various development actors and institutions.

 

The book incorporates, for example, various empirical, analytical and constructive frameworks and pluralism of methodologies. The conference recognised that intricate development challenges are best addressed through the application of multiple methodologies and diversified perspectives. Such an approach broadens the development of the book and ensures it reaches a varied audience, from the academic world, policymakers and development actors to postgraduate students.

 

This volume, as an ICBMD-bound publication, aims to document current research, but also foster an ongoing dialogue regarding the possible role of entrepreneurship as a transformative vehicle for economic development. We hope that the insights provided will inspire research in new directions, advocacy for the development of evidence-based policies, and for entrepreneurial activities that are inclusive, resilient, and adaptive to the prevailing contexts of uncertainty.

 

 

Editor(s) Details

Prof. Michael Twum-Darko

Graduate Centre for Management, Faculty of Business and Management Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-998711-1-3

Probiotics from Fermented Foods and Human Health | Book Publisher International

 

For millennia, across the vast tapestry of human cultures and geographies, a quiet yet profound partnership has been nurtured not in laboratories or clinics, but in kitchens, cellars, and fields. This partnership is our age-old collaboration with the microbial world through the art and science of fermentation. From the tangy yogurt of the Eurasian steppes and the pungent kimchi of Korea to the sourdough breads of Europe, the miso and tempeh of Southeast Asia, and the fermented brews and vegetables found on every inhabited continent, humans have intuitively harnessed the transformative power of bacteria and yeasts. These practices, born of preservation necessity and culinary ingenuity, have unknowingly shaped not just our diets, but our very physiology. Today, standing at the confluence of nutrition, microbiology, and preventive medicine, we are beginning to decipher the scientific language of this ancient dialogue. This book, Probiotics from Fermented Foods and Human Health, explores this frontier, examining how these traditional microbial allies, now termed probiotics, are being reevaluated as crucial modulators of modern human health.

 

Editor(s) Details

 

Jianfei Mu

Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China.

 

Xin Zhao

Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China.

 

Fang Tan

Department of Public Health, Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela, Philippines.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-998711-9-9

 

 

Gas Pollution: A Parametric Analysis Adopting Drone-based Evaluation and IOTs | Chapter 9 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 12

 

In Nigeria, the Niger Delta region is faced with challenges of oil and gas exploitation. These activities increasingly affect human, aquatic life in the ocean, animals and the natural environment. Recent advancements in technology have introduced unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, as a viable and innovative solution to these challenges. This study presents a novel approach for monitoring air pollution with a drone and Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The specific objectives include developing a drone-based system capable of capturing gas pollution data, integrating various sensors to monitor environmental conditions and detect air pollutants (harmful gases) and developing a communication system for real-time data collection and dissemination. The design utilises sensors for the detection of hazardous gases and an ESP8266 module for real-time data transmission and cloud-based data presentation. The system facilitates sustainable environmental studies by providing access to areas that are hard or unsafe to reach, anytime. The research locations include Iko Town and Ukpenekang communities in Eastern Obolo LGA, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Data collected during drone test flights was compared with traditional air quality monitoring stations to evaluate accuracy. The results show an affordable method for measurement of air quality in real time, especially in the challenging areas that are affected by oil and gas exploration, production and refining processes, such as the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of using drones and IOT for real-time environmental monitoring aimed at equipping researchers and policy makers with data to protect human lives, public health and the environment. In the course of this study, minor limitations were observed, including restricted flight duration and short range. Future research will investigate advancements in long-range communication protocols and the application of machine learning technology.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Bassey Okon
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Ikot Abasi, Nigeria.

 

Ubong Ukommi

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Nigeria.

 

Isaac Udoetor
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Nigeria.

 

Enobong Akanimo
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v12/6960