Evaluation of Origanum vulgare Essential Oil as a Natural Antibacterial Agent in Minced Meat | Chapter 5 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 10

 

The increasing consumer demand for natural, clean-label food preservation strategies has intensified interest in plant-derived essential oils as alternatives to synthetic preservatives. This study evaluates the antibacterial efficacy and preservative potential of Origanum vulgare essential oil in fresh minced meat under refrigerated storage. The oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and chemically characterised using GC–MS, revealing a carvacrol-rich chemotype with significant amounts of thymol, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene, which collectively contribute to its strong antimicrobial activity. Phenolic derivatives accounted for over 64% of the oil composition, explaining its pronounced efficacy against microorganisms.

 

When incorporated into minced meat at a sensorially acceptable concentration of 0.1%, the essential oil significantly reduced total aerobic mesophilic microflora and Staphylococcus aureus populations over 48 hours at 4 °C, without affecting sensory attributes such as taste and odour. The stronger reduction in S. aureus is attributed to the higher susceptibility of Gram-positive bacteria to phenolic compounds. The antibacterial mechanism involves disruption of bacterial cell membranes, ion leakage, ATP depletion, and collapse of the proton-motive force, while minor compounds like p-cymene and γ-terpinene enhance membrane penetration and synergistically boost antimicrobial activity. The essential oil also exhibits anti-biofilm properties, preventing adhesion and disrupting mature biofilms.

 

From an industrial perspective, challenges such as volatility, instability, and strong aroma can be mitigated using encapsulation technologies (nanoemulsions, liposomes, cyclodextrins, biopolymer-based matrices) and by combining essential oils with other multi-hurdle preservation strategies, including modified atmosphere packaging, edible coatings, organic acids, and mild thermal treatments.

 

In conclusion, Origanum vulgare essential oil is a promising natural preservative capable of enhancing food safety, extending shelf life, and meeting the consumer demand for minimally processed, natural meat products. Further studies are warranted to optimise encapsulation systems, synergistic preservation strategies, and industrial-scale applications.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Sonia Heni
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Biology of Materials, Higher Normal School of Technological Education of Skikda, Algeria.

 

Hicham Boughendjioua
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Biology of Materials, Higher Normal School of Technological Education of Skikda, Algeria.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v10/7083

Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Salvia freyniana Bornm. Ex Freyn (Endemic Species) and the Significance of its Major Constituents | Chapter 6 | New Horizons of Science, Technology and Culture Vol. 7

 

Lamiaceae, one of the world's richest plant families in terms of diversity, encompasses a significant portion of plant taxa endemic to the Mediterranean region. Salvia L., among the largest and most widespread genera of this family, comprises approximately 1.000 species in Central America, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia. In the Flora of Türkiye, the Salvia genus is represented by 100 species and 114 taxa, with a very high endemism rate of 50.88%. Taxa belonging to the Salvia genus have a very wide range of uses, primarily in the medical, pharmaceutical, food, perfumery, cosmetic, and cleaning product industries. Generally herbaceous, semi-shrub, or shrubby perennial plants, Salvia species rarely exhibit biennial or annual life forms and are characteristically strongly aromatic. These aromatic properties are due to the essential oils contained within the plants. Salvia freyniana Bornm. Ex Freyn, a species endemic to the Flora of Türkiye, is a perennial plant that can grow to a height of 15–35 cm and has clusters of lilac-blue flowers. The species flowers in May–June and is distributed at altitudes between 900 and 1200 m. The composition of the essential oil obtained from the flowering parts of S. freyniana collected from its natural distribution areas during full flowering was determined by GC-MS analysis. According to the analysis results, among the 30 components identified in essential oil, camphor (16.6%), eucalyptol (15.9%), and spathulenol (11.1%) stood out as the main components. When the component groups were evaluated, it was determined that oxygenated sesquiterpenes constituted the most dominant fraction and represent the main component group of S. freyniana essential oil. Camphor has particular importance due to its versatile potential for use in medicinal, cosmetic, and industrial fields. Eucalyptol (1,8-cineol) is a monoterpene widely used in pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Spathulenol, on the other hand, is an important biologically active component known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative effects. Consequently, S. freyniana essential oil, with its high camphor, eucalyptol, and spathulenol content, reveals that this endemic species is a valuable natural resource from a pharmaceutical and industrial perspective.

 

 

Author(s) Details

BELGİN COŞGE ŞENKAL
Yozgat Bozok University, Türkiye.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/nhstc/v7/7045

A Case Study Investigating the Role of Conventional Medicine in a Model of All Natural Protocols in Alzheimer’s Healing — What Makes it Inevitable? (Part II) | Chapter 8 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 5

Alzheimer’s Disease is a cognitive degenerative disease that has no known cure. A cause of this disease is the buildup of beta-amyloid and tau tangling. While cognitive damage to the brain is progressing, the limbic part of the brain continues to function. We can apply this fact to help us make progress toward reversing the effect of Alzheimer’s Disease. For example, an attempt can be made to train a subject to utilize the Limbic part of his brain to recall what he forgot or to acquire new knowledge. An attempt has been made to do so by applying aromatherapy, cognitive learning, and food therapy. This article discusses methods of restoring a subject that is effective and involves no medication in Stage 1 Treatment while the medication is added in Stage 2 treatment. In addition, this article will also mention resources that would further enhance healing.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Fai Chan
Department of Aromatic Medicine, Deli Aroma LLC World of Tennis, Austin, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v5/2063

 

Chemical Composition and Bioactivities of Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb Essential Oil | Chapter 5 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 4

In the present study, the antibacterial activity and antioxidant properties of Eugenia caryophyllata essential oil and its protective effect against lipid peroxidation were investigated. Gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometrical analyses were used to determine the chemical composition of the studied essential oil. The antibacterial activity of E.caryophyllata essential oil was evaluated by using disc diffusion method and agar incorporation method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the tested essential oil against four pathogenic bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33862, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by using tree different tests, DPPH radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Our finding indicated that E. caryophyllata essential oil has shown a strong antibacterial effect against all the tested bacterial strains with inhibition zone diameters varied from 17.5 to 20.5 mm and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) ranging between 0.8 μL / mL and 4.4 μL / mL. Gram-positive bacteria, B. cereus and S. aureus are the most sensitive species with a MIC value of 0.8 μL / mL, however P. aeruginosa is the most resistant species to the inhibitory effect of the studied essential oil with a MIC value of 4.4 μL /mL. The result of the antioxidant effect demonstrated that E. caryophyllata essential oil exhibited a powerful antioxidant activity higher than that of standard antioxidants: gallic acid, vitamin C and BHT. The tested essential oil showed a protective effect against lipid peroxidation better than that of the standard antioxidants: gallic acid and vitamin C, confirmed by a significant decrease in malonic dialdehyde (MDA) levels. These results suggest that the essential oil of E. caryophyllata may be alternative natural source medicine to prevent and treat many diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and oxidative stress.

 

Author (s) Details

Fatiha Abdellah
Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products, Ibn-Khaldoun University, 14000 Tiaret, Algeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v4/654

A Comprehensive Analysis of the Medicinal Use of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from the Genus Ehretia | Chapter 8 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 2

The roughly 150 species of plants that make up the genus Ehretia are primarily found in tropical regions of North America, Africa, Australia, and Asia. They have long been used as traditional and folk remedies in China, India, and Japan to cure a wide range of illnesses. Pharmacological investigations verified that the genus's crude extracts or specific components had anti-snake venom properties in addition to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-arthritic, anti- tubercular, and anti-allergic properties. Based on the available literature up to February 2024, summery of secondary metabolites that have been identified from several species of Ehretia in this literature. Chapter concentrated on the known biological activities of the Ehretia plants and covered them in detail here, in addition to their traditional therapeutic usage.

Author(s) Details:

Amanpreet Kaur,
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Abha Shukla,
Department of Chemistry, Kanya Gurukula Campus, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar-249404, Uttarakhand, India.

Sarika Arora,
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Trapti Pandey,
Department of Home Sciences, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Priyanka Pokhriyal,
Department of Chemistry, Kanya Gurukula Campus, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar-249404, Uttarakhand, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDCBR-V2/article/view/14254

Plant Essential Oil as a Preventive Measure for Mosquito Borne Diseases: A Review | Chapter 9 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8

 Mosquito borne diseases are major human and animal health problem in all tropical and subtropical countries. Malaria is considered endemic in 85 countries and territories around the world with higher share in the African region necessitating its control. Reports signify that annually 100-400 million cases of dengue fever and half a million cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) occur globally. The present article envisaged to review the reports of essential oils on its effectiveness as repellent. The easy availability and less adverse environmental impact have led to the increased interest in plant origin insecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticides. Essential oils belonging to various plant species and possessing mixtures of hydrocarbons have been seen to act as effective repellent against various pests. The monoterpenoids constituting the major component is found to be cytotoxic to plant and animal tissue thus impairing the normal functioning of these tissues. The commercially marketed repellents basically consist of essential oils from plants Cymbopogon nardus, Eucalyptus maculata, Cymbopogon excavatus, Mentha piperita, Azadirachta indica. The volatile nature of these components due to their short duration of efficacy has urged for the development of novel formulations, use of fixatives such as vanillin, combination essential oil and other innovative methods and devices for enhancing repellent effect.

Author(s) Details:

Bhupen Kalita,
NEF College of Pharmacy, Guwahati, Assam-781040, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V8/article/view/14046

Evaluation of the Antifugal and Antibacterial Potential of Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oil | Chapter 10 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 9

 The aim of our study is to determine the antimicrobial and antifungal effect of essential oils of plants Thymus vulgarison some pathogenic bacteria and fungal. Nowadays, plants are used by most inhabitants of the world due to their aromatic properties, as condiments or as a cure in traditional medicine. Essential oils have many therapeutic properties. In herbal medicine, they are used for their antiseptic properties against infectious diseases of fungal origin, against dermatophytes, those of bacterial origin.

Humans use plants for thousands of years to treat various ailments, in many developing countries; much of the population relies on traditional doctors and their collections of medicinal plants to cure them.

Thymus vulgaris is one of the most popular aromatic plants used in the world. The applications are very large and affect the food and medicine fields traditionally.

The antimicrobial test was carried out with five strains of bacteria. The test adopted, is based on the diffusion method on solid medium (Antibiogram), this method allows to determine the susceptibility or resistance of an organism according to the sample studied.

Our study reveals that the essential oil of the plant Thymus vulgaris has a different effect on the resistance of germs. We are recommending people to a reasonable use of medicinal plants, because improper use of these plants will probably lead to harmful side effects to human health.

Author(s) Details:

M. Mehani,
Laboratory of Process Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ouargla University, Ouargla, Algeria and Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Ghardaia, Ghardaia 47000, Algeria.

I. Mehani,
Laboratory for Bioressources Saharan Preservation and Enhancement, University of Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla, Algeria.

L. Segni,
Laboratory of Process Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ouargla University, Ouargla, Algeria and Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ouargla University, Ouargla, Algeria.

C. Morcia,
CREA-GB, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Fiorenzuola d’Arda (PC), Italy.

V. Terzi,
CREA-GB, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Fiorenzuola d’Arda (PC), Italy.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB/article/view/13230

Extraction of the Essential Oil of Minthostachys mollis: Effect of Storage on the Composition and Color | Chapter 1 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 4

 The objective of the study search out determine distillation variables in the volatile components, color, and use of the essential lubricate of Mintostachys mollis, an endemic plant variety with a acceptable aroma. It was raise between 2,500 to 3,000 meters above sea level in the responsibility of Carchi - Ecuador. The essential oil was got by the fumes stripping method and the composition of the oil in new and stored samples was contingent upon gas chromatography-bulk spectrophotometer (GC/MS). The results in the extraction indicate that the dampness of the sample affects the yield of essential lubricate at medium levels. The analysis of the changeable fraction (new sample) contains 42 components that show more than 95%, emphasize Carvacryl acetate, Trans-cariofillene and Germacrene D; while the results of the stored essential lubricate showed different arrangement and affected in color in 24 wealthes that represents in addition to 96%, highlighting the attendance of trans-Caryophyllene and cabinene, where particular flavoring traits with antioxidant features are important expected valued in the pharmacological, beautifying and food industry for next application purposes.

Author(s) Details:

Walter F. Quezada Moreno,
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad de Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Edwin Cevallos Carvajal,
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Ecuador.

Marcia Proaño Molina,
Faculty of Industry and Production, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Ecuador.

Elsa Quilumbaquin Toaquiza,
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Ecuador.

Josue Israel Sopalo Romero,
Higher School of Industrial Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, España.

Walter D. Quezada Torres,
Faculty of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Universidad Tecnológica Empresarial de Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Monica Tapia Zúñiga,
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agriculture, Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí, Ecuador.

Moraima C. Mera Aguas,
School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Ibarra, Ecuador.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V4/article/view/11970 

Bio Healing Cream Based on Lavender Essential Oil | Chapter 6 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

 The objective concerning this chapter was to plan a stable oil with anti-instigative and healing possessions. The anti-inflammatory 100% biocream has happened formulated in the presence of purple essential oil as an alive principle known by these appealing properties. The essential lubricate was obtained by steam distillate of the aromatic part (hydrosol, essential oil) of the fresh occurring in the air part of Lavandula Vera. The average yield of essential oil is 1 to 2%.Optimizing of the expression parameters fashioned it possible to have a stable oil. The Bio cream acquired has interesting dermal properties. This oil has reusable anti-catching and therapeutic statuses. It facilitates dermatological applications and yet productive research. The Bio oil's quality could be visualized by the Physicochemical Analysis, Sensory (With Diagram Properties Evaluation), and Comparative Study accompanying a Reference Cream (Conventional).  The therapeutic effect showed an main efficiency as for the restorative of more than the different effects which maybe brought for one existence of the beeswax. Neither not completely toxicological examination must complete this study.

Author(s) Details:

Djedri-Bani Safia,
Chemical Engineering Functional Analysis Laboratory, Saâd Dahlab Blida 1 University, P.O. Box 270, 09000 Blida, Algeria.

Boucherit Ahmed,
Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, University. Saâd Dahlab Blida 1 University, P.O. Box 270, 09000 Blida, Algeria.

Issaadi Rachid,
Hydrogen Energy Applications Laboratory, Saâd Dahlab Blida 1 University, P.O. Box 270, 09000 Blida, Algeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V6/article/view/11360

Determination of Chemical Characterization of Foeniculum vulgare Mill Essential Oil Composition and its Toxicological Effects against Mosquito (Aedes caspius, Pallas, 1771)| Chapter 5 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 3

 In this division, the essential lubricate (EO) of the occurring in the air parts of Foeniculum vulgare Mill (Umbelliferae: Apiaceae) was gleaned by hydro-distillate. Thereafter, its synthetic arrangement was checked utilizing vapor chromatography (GC), and the description was acknowledged utilizing smoke chromatography-bulk spectrometry (MS).The toxicity of the EO was evaluated, following in position or time 24h of uncovering occasion, against the divide into four equal parts instar larvae of Aedes caspius and the sublethal and deadly concentrations, LC25, LC50 and LC90 principles were supposed accompanying their assurance limits and their values are 27.65, 37.76 and 70.40 l individually. Based on the judgments of the toxicity of F. vulgare EO, it maybe decided that the current pungent plant variety proved a abundant toxicological effect and grant permission offer a suitable give assistance the control of mosquitoes. This verdict opens up interesting potential for allure use in the production of new beginnings of different larvicidal alive stuffs for the management of pest headings.

Determination of Chemical Characterization of Foeniculum vulgare Mill Essential Oil Composition and its Toxicological Effects against Mosquito (Aedes caspius, Pallas, 1771)| Chapter 5 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 3

 In this accessory, the essential grease (EO) of the feathered parts of Foeniculum vulgare Mill (Umbelliferae: Apiaceae) was wringed by hydro-entity shortened from whole. Thereafter, allure affected arrangement was quiet engaging mist chromatography (GC), and the manuscript was endorsed engaging seethe chromatography-most spectrometry (MS).The toxicity of the EO was deduced, following inclined or ending 24h of disclosing usefulness, against the separate into four equal parts instar larvae of Aedes caspius and the sublethal and giving small ground for hope concentrations, LC25, LC50 and LC90 society were dared following their assurance limits and their law are 27.65, 37.76 and 70.40 l individually. Based on the verdicts of the toxicity of F. vulgare EO, it likely persistent that the current lively plant class habitual a plentiful toxicological effect and permit an operation offer a appropriate present help the control of mosquitoes. This downfall opens up attractive potential for allure use in the blend of new inceptions of various larvicidal awake stuffs for the presidency of epidemic headings.

Author(s) Details:

Keffous Besma Safa,
Department of Biology and Animal Physiology, Research Laboratory of Improvement and Development of Animal and Plant Production, Ferhat Abbas University, Setif-19000, Algeria.

Aissaoui Lynda,
Department of Biology and Animal Physiology, Research Laboratory of Improvement and Development of Animal and Plant Production, Ferhat Abbas University, Setif-19000, Algeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V3/article/view/9197

Chemical Characterization and Intrinsic Antimicrobial Activity of Croton Blanchetianus Baill Essential Oil| Chapter 8 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 6

 The rise of bacterial species opposing to antibiotics has indicated the need for new substances that enjoy antimicrobial action or act by enhancing the exercise of existing drugs. In this synopsis, essential oils are an important alternative. The present study proposed to characterize chemically and judge the antimicrobial activity of Croton blanchetianus essential lubricate. The essential oil was got by hydrodistillation and analyzed for antimicrobial action against strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), and a strain opposing to multiple medicines to Staphylococcus aureus SA-1199B by the microdilution means. GC-MS analysis recognized 29 compounds (95.32%). The main constituents were α-pinene (19.19%), caryophyllene (11.85%) and bicyclogermacrene (10.42%). The antimicrobial action was observed on strains of Candida albicans at a aggregation of 512 μg mL-1 arising as a beginning of future research for the happening of antimicrobial drugs in the treatment of contaminations caused by this overreaching fungus.

Author(s) Details:

Sidney Gonçalo de Lima,
Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portela, Teresina - PI, 64049-550, Brazil.

Allan Kayk Sales Meneses,
Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portela, Teresina - PI, 64049-550, Brazil.

Marcelo Costa dos Santos,
Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portela, Teresina - PI, 64049-550, Brazil.

Wanessa Sales de Almeida,
Food and Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portela, Teresina - PI, 64049-550, Brazil.

Humberto Medeiros Barreto,
Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portela, Teresina - PI, 64049-550, Brazil.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V6/article/view/8776

Phenolic Compounds from Rumex L: Their Extraction, Structural Identification and Biological Activity| Chapter 3 | Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 5

 Rumex pamiricus roots' chloroform fraction extract yielded three known anthraquinone derivatives, while Rumex conglomeratus roots' ethyl acetate fraction extract yielded two known substances. The in vitro antimicrobial effects of Rumex confertus and Rumex pamiricus essential oils, as well as those of Rumex pamiricus aerial parts extracts in gasoline, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and alcohol, were studied.

Author(s) Details:

G. D. Shermatova,
Institute of The Chemistry of Plant Substances (Named After Acad. S.Yu. Yunusov Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan), 100170, 77, M. Ulugbek Street, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

K. A. Eshbakova,
Institute of The Chemistry of Plant Substances (Named After Acad. S.Yu. Yunusov Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan), 100170, 77, M. Ulugbek Street, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

S. M. Mavlyanov,
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry (Named After Acad. O.S. Sadykov Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan), 100125, 83, M. Ulugbek Street, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

B. A. Shamuratov,
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry (Named After Acad. O.S. Sadykov Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan), 100125, 83, M. Ulugbek Street, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PCSR-V5/article/view/8478

Bioactivity of Essential Oils of Species of the Lamiaceae Family | Chapter 1 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 Important medicinal, aromatic, and condiment plants used in both traditional and modern medicine are members of the Lamiaceae family. The biological properties of essential oils point to possible therapeutic possibilities, such as antibacterial and antioxidant properties and applications in a range of industries. The essential oils of Lavandula angustifolia, Pogostemon cablin, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Thymus vulgaris were tested for their antibacterial, antioxidant, and yield properties against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The experiment was carried out in Brazil's Federal University of Technology - Paraná's microbiology lab. The essential oils were examined using mass spectrometry and gas chromatography. The least inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were discovered using microdilution in broth to determine antibacterial activity. Through the scavenging of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical, the antioxidant activity was assessed (DPPH). Essential oil yields from L. angustifolia, P. cablin, R. officinalis, and T. vulgaris were, respectively, on the average, 0.85, 2.0, 1.20, and 1.19 percent. Linalyl acetate (40.1%) and linalool (35.2%) were the two main constituents of lavender essential oil, whereas patchoulol (31.5%), seichelene (13.6%), and -bulnesene (15.6%) were found in P. cablin, camphor (32.5%), 1.8-cineole (13.6%), and -pinene (9.8%) were found in rosemary, and thymol (47%), o-sc Thyme oil had the highest levels of antibacterial activity, and because it contains phenolic compounds that are effective against a wide range of pathogens, very small amounts (0.195 L mL-1) of the minimum inhibitory concentration were needed to inhibit S. aureus and S. enteritidis. We found that to suppress the bacteria tested, large quantities of the essential oils from L. angustifolia, P. cablin, and R. officinalis were required. The crucial

Author(s) Details:

Dalva Paulus,
Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Technology – Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos-85660-000, Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, Brazil.

Luana Aline Luchesi,
Postgraduate Program in Agroecosistemas, Federal University of Technology – Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos, Brazil.

Celso Eduardo Pereira Ramos,
Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Technology – Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos-85660-000, Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, Brazil.

Lizmeiry Del Valle Toro León,
Postgraduate Program in Agroecosistemas, Federal University of Technology – Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos, Brazil.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V4/article/view/8390

Study on Volatile Constituents, Cytotoxic Activity and Antioxidant Potential of Fixed Extracts of Copaifera luetzelburgii Harms | Chapter 2 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol.2

 Copaibas (Leguminosae - Caesalpinoideae) are native to Latin America's tropical regions and West Africa. Their stem barks are employed as a cicatrizing, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and anticancer agent in folk medicine. As a result, a phytochemical research of the qualitative and quantitative chemical composition of the volatile and fixed elements of the Copaifera luetzelburgii stem's leaves and bark is required, as well as their cytotoxicity, antioxidant capacity, and total phenol content. The goal of this study was to determine the chemical composition of volatile compounds, cytotoxic activity, and antioxidant potential of C. luetzelburgii Harms, which is abundantly spread in the Quilombola Community, municipality of So Miguel do Tapuio, State of Piau, Brazil. Hydrodistillation was used to extract the volatile components, which were then evaluated by GC-MS. LC-ESI-TOF-MS was also used to examine the ethanolic stem extract (EECC). The leaf and stem bark extracts (SBE) were screened for phytochemicals, with the SBE showing the most promise. While germacrene D (27.12 percent), -caryophilylene (16.43 percent), and germacrene B (12.58 percent) were found to be the major constituents in the essential oil from leaves (EOL), the oil of the stem bark contained -selinene (26.79 percent), 7-epi—selinene (24.73 percent), and -selinene (14.63 percent). Toxicity testing was carried out in Artemia salina, with inactive results (LC50 >1000g mL-1). The EECC had the highest total phenol content of 31.41 3.07, as well as the best antioxidant activity against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) with CE50 value of 40.11 2.31, while the ethanolic extract of copaiba leaves (EEFC) had CE50 value of 74.13 6.05, all ready for the test 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulf As a result, we believe that this work will contribute greatly to future phytochemistry and pharmacology studies on the species.

Author(s) Details

Sidney Goncalo de Lima
Organic Geochemistry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina-PI, Brazil.

Juliana de Sousa Figueredo
Organic Geochemistry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina-PI, Brazil.

Marcelo Costa dos Santos
Organic Geochemistry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina-PI, Brazil.

Allan Kayk Sales Meneses
Organic Geochemistry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina-PI, Brazil.

Marcio dos Santos Rocha
Organic Geochemistry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550, Teresina-PI, Brazil.

José Galberto Martins da Costa
Graduate Program in Molecular Bioprospection, Laboratory of Natural Products Research, URCA, Crato-CE, Brazil.

Rozeverter Moreno Fernandes
Federal University of Piauí, Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, University Campus Minister Petronio Portella, 64049-550, Teresina-PI, Brazil.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRD-V2/article/view/3950

An Advanced Review on Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Folklore Medicinal Plant Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit | Chapter 3 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 12

Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit belongs to the Lamiaceae family (Bush mint). It's a weed that has insecticidal characteristics. Lung infections, uterine infections, and skin disorders have all been treated with it in the past. Steroids, alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and essential oil are examples of phytochemicals obtained from plants that have medicinal and pharmacological applications. The current review paper focuses on the pharmacological and other relevant aspects of H. suaveolens.

Author (S) Details

M. Devi Priya
Department of Botany, St. Thomas College, Pazhavangadi P.O., Pathanamthitta, Kerala- 689 673, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V12/article/view/2364

Chemical Constituents of Mentha piperata L.(Lamiaceae) Essential Oil from Congo | Chapter 5 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 3

 Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the chemical composition of Mentha piperata essential oil from the Congo region. Methodology and Results: essential oil obtained by steam distillation of piperata Mentha L dry leaf stalks. The research was carried out in the northern part of Brazzaville (Poto-poto), Congo. After extraction, the yield achieved is 0.52 percent . The gas chromatography (GC) and gazeusechromatographic mass spectrometry (GC/MS) coupling study indicated the existence of 15 constituents comprising 96.18% of the total essential oil. In this essential oil, oxygenated monoterpenes are predominant (87.54 percent), oxygenated sesquiterpenes are representative (3.91 percent) and hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes are expressed by hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (3.20 percent ). The key constituents of the essential oil are menthol (41.81 percent), menthyl acetate (36.92 percent), menthone (5.12 percent) and acetate neomenthyl (3.04 percent). Conclusion and Application Results: This essential oil can be beneficial for food needs, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and perfumery, taking into account the proportion of menthol (41.81 percent) and the presence of menthone (5.12 percent).

Author(s) Details

B. Ndzeli Likibi
Unité de Chimie du Végétal et de la Vie (UC2V), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, BP 69, Brazzaville, Congof.

Gouollaly Tsiba
Unité de Chimie du Végétal et de la Vie (UC2V), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, BP 69, Brazzaville, Congo.

A. B. Madiélé Mabika
Unité de Chimie du Végétal et de la Vie (UC2V), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, BP 69, Brazzaville, Congo.

J. M. Moutsamboté
Unité de Chimie du Végétal et de la Vie (UC2V), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, BP 69, Brazzaville, Congo.

S. Nsikabaka
Unité de Chimie du Végétal et de la Vie (UC2V), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, BP 69, Brazzaville, Congo.

J. M. Ouamba
Unité de Chimie du Végétal et de la Vie (UC2V), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, BP 69, Brazzaville, Congo.

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Tea Tree Oil in Calcium Alginate Microparticles | Chapter 2 | Trends in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol.2

The aim of this work was the characterisation of tea tree oil calcium-alginate microparticles prepared using prilling vibration technology and drying according to three different methods (oven at 40°C, dynamic drying under air-flow at 22°C and freeze-drying). Microparticles were characterized by stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and as regarding essential oil content and in vitro release. After oven drying and air-flow drying processes, microparticles were partially aggregated. They had a high oil content (more than 50% w/w) and were able to release tea tree oil in about 3 hours. Freeze-drying gave microparticles well separated to each other, characterized by the highest dimensions (about 500 µm), a good essential oil content and the fastest release rate. For all systems, the oil content decreased during storage with a total loss, after 5 months, ranging from 10% (air-flow dried microparticles) to 24% (oven-dried microparticles).

Author(s) Details

Lorena Segale
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy and APTSol Srls, Largo Guido Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy.

Andrea Foglio Bonda
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy and APTSol Srls, Largo Guido Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy.

Lorella Giovannelli
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy and APTSol Srls, Largo Guido Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy.

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