Marine Biopolymers in Advanced Wound Care: Mechanisms and Clinical Applications | Chapter 10 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 10

 

Wound healing is a complex physiological process that can be disrupted by pathological conditions, causing chronic wounds when they represent a significant burden on health systems. Marine-based biopolymers, particularly chitosan and alginate, have attracted attention as wound care biomaterials due to their properties, such as being biocompatible and biodegradable with intrinsic bioactivities. Nutritional interventions are also predominantly carried out to promote the wound-healing process, and this chapter provides a detailed panorama on the clinical uses of chitosan and alginate, which are already utilised in wound healing amidst nutritional interventions as observed. The present study describes mechanisms of action along with haemostatic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. The chapter summarises the experimental and clinical evidence, including randomised controlled trials, showing that chitosan-based dressings are effective in promoting healing of chronic ulcers such as diabetic foot ulcers. Instead, with clinical experience, alginate dressings used in high-exudate wounds are shown as beneficial; yet, systematic reviews revealed that this type of dressing did not promote healing rates better than other alternative modern dressings. It also addresses the synergetic effects of a composite dressing that consists of chitosan and alginate, as they demonstrate superior mechanical and therapeutic features in preclinical models. Oral chitosan and alginate are nutritional supplements that are generally believed to promote wound healing (although this is speculative without clear clinical evidence). Future studies could enable the development of “smart” dressings, and larger, more definitive clinical trials are required to realise the true potential of these marine-derived biomaterials in advanced wound care.

 

 

Author(s) Details

A. A. Zubair
PG and Research Department of Aquaculture and Fishery Microbiology, MES Ponnani College, Ponnani South, Malappuram, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v10/7253

Edible Coatings and Films in Grapevine By-Product Infusions and Freshly Processed Products | Chapter 7 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 1

This book chapter focuses on the environmental issues linked with the wine industry, mainly the amount of waste it generates. However, studies have shown that the by-products of this waste, including grapes, skins, seeds, and leaves, contain essential biocompounds and nutrients like phenolic compounds, flavonoids, procyanidins, and vitamin C that are beneficial to human health. These by-products have been found to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-aging, and anti-cancer properties. However, due to their perishable nature, they need preservation methods. This chapter recommends using edible films and coatings, a novel and eco-friendly post-harvest preservation technique. This method helps maintain the quality of lightly processed foods, preserve essential nutrients, protect against microorganisms, and maintain their original appearance. Therefore, this review aims to explore different techniques and types of edible coatings like chitosan, agar-agar, gelatin, alginate, guar gum, soy lecithin, maltodextrin, inulin, and propolis for the preparation of grape by-products in foods and drinks. More research is required to optimize coating formulations for the best quality.

Author(s) Details:

Teresa Pinto,
CITAB, Department of Biology and Environment, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agrifood Production, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.

Ana Pinto,
University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.

Alice Vilela,
CQ-VR, Department of Agronomy, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPMAB-V1/article/view/13852

Bioelectromechanical Properties of Alginate through Piezoresponse Force Microscopy: An Insight with a Computer Simulation with Free Radicals | Chapter 2 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol.7

 

 The alginate biopolymer from Tropicalgin C302245 was studied using computer models, scanning electron microscopy, powder X-rays, infrared spectroscopy, and piezoresponse force microscope imaging. Local piezoresponse force microscopy pictures in the out of plane mode show possible ferroelectric zones, which are confirmed by second harmonic generation analysis. Alginate powder is composed of cristobalite-like diatom frustules, amorphous silica, and chitin. Computer simulations using the models MM+ and PM3 demonstrate how the self-assembly of alginate molecules raises the molecular collective dipole moment, boosting polarisation, and provide an explanation for the experimental observations. Initial free radical simulations reveal that the alginate biopolymer has poorer thermodynamic stability, which reduces hydrogen bonding and, consequently, ferroelectric characteristics. Alginate's molecular characteristics may provide new opportunities for organic green technology.

Author(s) Details:

A. Heredia-Barbero,
Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Ciudad Universitaria, Departamento de química de radiaciones y radioquímica. Circuito Exterior S/N, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

J. J. Gervacio-Arciniega,
Conacyt-Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apartado Postal 1152, Puebla, Puebla, 72000, México.

V. Duarte-Alaniz,
Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Cd. Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México.

O. Amelines-Sarria,
Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Energías Renovables, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Libramiento Norte Poniente No. 1150, Col. Lajas Maciel, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México and  Facultad de ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Cali, Calle 5 # 62-00, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia.

A. Rodríguez-Galván,
Carrera de Biología, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México 54090, México.

J. M. Siqueiros,
Departamento Materiales Avanzados, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, km 107 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada. Ensenada, Baja California. Teléfono-(646) 175-0650, México.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V7/article/view/7778  

Size Correlations Analysis of Polymeric Solution Microdroplets by Ultrasonic Atomization | Chapter 3 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 9

The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate how size correlation analysis can be used to forecast the size of polymeric solution droplets starting from process variables and material characteristics. The droplets are created using ultrasonic-assisted atomization, a mechanical technique for dispersing liquid into thin spray. These latter ones are created for the aim of microencapsulation, which is useful in the creation of medications. When compared to other atomization methods, the advantages of ultrasonic atomization include lower energy requirements, smaller apparatuses, lower levels of mechanical stress in materials, and others. traditional methods. An overview of spraying techniques and the fundamentals of atomization are provided for this purpose. This work specifically discusses the function of important parameters in atomization helped by ultrasonics and presents correlations to forecast droplet size. Alginate solution sprays are intentionally created and subjected to experimental (measurements) and theoretical (calculation) size observations due to the interest in microencapsulation for medicinal applications. Because the size of microdroplets plays such a crucial role in pharmaceutical manufacture and because the size of drug carriers can affect the rate and duration of release of encapsulated therapeutic agents, the ability to apply trustworthy empirical correlations is very helpful.

Author (s) Details

Anna Angela Barba
Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano SA, Italy and  Enhanced Systems and Technologies, EST Srl, University Spin-Off, , Via Circumvallazione n.39, 83100 Avellino, Italy and  Eng4Life Srl, University Spin-Off, , Via Circumvallazione n.39, 83100, Avellino, Italy.

Matteo d’Amore
Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano SA,  Italy and Eng4Life Srl, University Spin-Off, , Via Circumvallazione n.39, 83100, Avellino, Italy.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V9/article/view/7548

A Descriptive Study on Preparation and Characterization of Keratin/Alginate Blend Microparticles| Chapter 10 | Recent Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 9

 Because of their greater environmental protection than synthetic materials, the analysis of protein materials such as collagen, gelatin, albumin, and silk fibroin and keratin has been increasingly increased. For the production of keratin (Ker), alginate (Alg), and Ker/Alg blend microparticles, the water-in-oil (W/O) emulsification-diffusion method was used. The solutions of the Ker, Alg, and Ker/Alg blend were used as the water phase, while the oil phase was used with ethyl acetate. Firstly, to find appropriate material, various concentrations of the Ker solution were used. For further microparticle construction, 1.6 percent w/v Ker solution was blended with the same Alg solution concentration. Scanning electron microscope research findings indicate that the microparticles have various shapes: spherical, bowl-like, porous, and hollow, depending on the blend ratio, with many sizes. FTIR and TG studies suggested that the Ker/Alg blend ratio was influenced by the secondary structure and thermal stability of the microparticles. The relationship between keratin and alginate functional groups was the key factor for both β-sheet Structure and microparticles Td,max values. The results indicated that by adjusting the Ker/Alg ratio, Ker/Alg blend microparticles could be used in several fields. The microparticles obtained from this work are promising for the loading and delivery of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic functional molecules through the blood circulation system to the target organ.

Author (s) Details

Yaowalak Srisuwan
Creative and Innovation Chemistry Research Unit, The Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.

Prasong Srihanam
Creative and Innovation Chemistry Research Unit, The Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/351

Tea Tree Oil in Calcium Alginate Microparticles | Chapter 2 | Trends in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol.2

The aim of this work was the characterisation of tea tree oil calcium-alginate microparticles prepared using prilling vibration technology and drying according to three different methods (oven at 40°C, dynamic drying under air-flow at 22°C and freeze-drying). Microparticles were characterized by stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and as regarding essential oil content and in vitro release. After oven drying and air-flow drying processes, microparticles were partially aggregated. They had a high oil content (more than 50% w/w) and were able to release tea tree oil in about 3 hours. Freeze-drying gave microparticles well separated to each other, characterized by the highest dimensions (about 500 µm), a good essential oil content and the fastest release rate. For all systems, the oil content decreased during storage with a total loss, after 5 months, ranging from 10% (air-flow dried microparticles) to 24% (oven-dried microparticles).

Author(s) Details

Lorena Segale
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy and APTSol Srls, Largo Guido Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy.

Andrea Foglio Bonda
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy and APTSol Srls, Largo Guido Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy.

Lorella Giovannelli
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy and APTSol Srls, Largo Guido Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/192