Design and Evaluation of Diltiazem Hydrochloride Microspheres Achieved by Spray Drying Method | Chapter 10 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 4

Microencapsulation technology plays a transformative role in drug delivery systems, facilitating controlled release formulations. In this study, Diltiazem Hydrochloride was encapsulated using various natural and synthetic polymers, including Guar Gum, Xanthan Gum, Eudragit L100, Eudragit S100, and HPMC K4M, with a focus on optimizing the formulation via spray drying. The formulation F6, employing Eudragit L100 at a 1:2 drug-to-polymer ratio in isopropyl alcohol, demonstrated the most favorable release profile, achieving 100.44% cumulative drug release over 12 hours, indicative of a controlled release mechanism. Other formulations, including those with HPMC K4M, Guar Gum, and Xanthan Gum, failed to exhibit similar release characteristics. Comprehensive evaluations revealed that all the formulations maintained drug content uniformity between 60-70%, with the optimized batch exhibiting 70% uniformity and following zero-order kinetics. In vitro, release studies were conducted in a dissolution medium maintained at physiologically relevant conditions, and various kinetic models were employed to analyze drug release mechanisms. Scanning Electron Microscopy confirmed the spherical morphology of the microspheres, emphasizing their uniformity and structural integrity. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was performed to assess polymer-drug compatibility, ensuring no adverse interactions. Overall, the study underscores the potential of spray-dried Eudragit L100 microspheres for enhanced, controlled drug delivery of Diltiazem Hydrochloride, contributing valuable insights into the field of pharmaceutical formulations.

 

Author (s) Details

Shubham Kamble
The Royal Gondwana College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, India.

 

Archana D. Kajale
P. Wadhwani College of Pharmacy, Moha Phata, Dhamangaon Road, Yavatmal, India.

 

Prafful P. Kothari
P. Wadhwani College of Pharmacy, Moha Phata, Dhamangaon Road, Yavatmal, India.

 

Monika Kherade
The Royal Gondwana College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, India.

 

Tirupati Rasala
The Royal Gondwana College of Pharmacy, Nagpur, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v4/4733

Determination of Anti-Microbial Textile Finish Using Cinnamon Bark (Dalchini) and Garcinia indica (Kokum) by Microencapsulation | Chapter 7 | Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Vol. 7

 The present study highlights about Eco-Friendly Anti-Microbial Textile Finish using Cinnamon Bark (Dalchini) and Garcinia indica (Kokum). Garcinia indica is a plant from mangosteen family and is commonly known as "Kokum". It can be easily found in almost all kitchens of India. There is a vast use of the fruit of Garcinia indica as remedial medicine in Indian system of medicine for treating various ailments.

 

The inherent properties of the textile fibres provide room for the growth of micro-organisms. There are many anti- bacterial fibres and chemicals available in the market but unfortunately, they are from synthetic base and are not eco- friendly. Consumers in India are taking the lead in encouraging firms to use clean technologies to create environmentally beneficial products. Many natural plant products, such as extracts from roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds, exhibit antimicrobial characteristics. In the present study, anti-microbial finish has been imparted to cotton fabric using ethanolic and acetonic extracts of Cinnamon Bark and Garcinia indica by direct application and by microencapsulation. The ethanolic extract was prepared by using10 gms of herbal material in 100 ml of ethanol and allowed to stand for 24 hours. The acetone extract of the herbs was prepared by refluxing 40gms of each herb in 400 ml of acetone in a Soxhlet extractor. The extracts were applied by directly soaking the fabric in ethanol extract overnight and also by Microencapsulation (for acetone extracts). For microencapsulation, the herbal extract was used as the core material and Gum acacia as the wall material. The treated samples were then tested for their anti-microbial efficiency and also the wash fastness of the finish. It was observed that both the herbal extracts when applied on cotton fabric gives it an excellent anti-microbial property against both gram positive and gram- negative bacteria i.e. Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonaiae. Regarding the wash fastness of the treated samples, it was observed that the finish does not last long. The anti-microbial activity diminishes with every wash and at the end of 5th wash cycle no activity was seen against the selected microbes. However, the limitation of this herbal anti-microbial finish is that it needs to be applied on fabric that is used for disposable products or the products that requires very less washing. The direct application method of Cinnamon extract, makes the treated fabric 91.1% anti-microbial efficient against Staphylococcus aureus and 87.9% against Klebsiella pneumonaiae. Whereas on the other hand, the direct application method of Garcinia indica on the cotton fabric makes the fabric 93.3% anti- microbial efficient against Staphylococcus aureus and to be noted; no anti-microbial activity was observed against Klebsiella pneumonaiae through this method of application.

 

The results indicate that the treated fabric is 99.99% anti-microbial and can be used in hygiene products where less washing is required like pillows, curtains, disposable bandages and quilts.

Author(s) Details:

Khushboo Shrimali,
Department of Textiles & Fashion Designing, SVT College of Home Science, SNDT Women's University, Mumbai, India.

Ela Manoj Dedhia,
Department Textile & Fashion Technology, Nirmala Niketan College of Home Science, Mumbai, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAER-V7/article/view/13687

Keywords: Anti-microbial textiles, Cinnamon Bark, Garcinia indica, microencapsulation

Utilization of Polysaccharides Extracted from Tofu Processing Wastewater for Microencapsulation Processes in the Food Industry: Experimental Investigation| Chapter 8 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

 The purpose concerning this research was to extract polysaccharides from tofu alter wastewater obtained from tofu factory situated at the outcast of Wuxi city, PR China. The feed sector working the extracted organic compound composed of carbon as a wall material for microencapsulation procedures. Due to the evidence that wastewater is transformed into advantageous polysaccharides that might be secondhand in the food manufacturing, this research strategy is anticipated expected ecologically friendly. Vegetable oil was the main component concerning this study, which dressed as a test case to see either a successful encapsulation process maybe accomplished, signifying the potential for the encapsulation of oil-dissolved vitamins and minerals. A successful result of microcapsules using the derived polysaccharides will serve as a inferior source of acquiring wall materials for encapsulation processes.  Polysaccharides culled from tofu processing wastewater were working as wall fabrics for vegetable fat load encapsulation. The fundamental approach secondhand in the microencapsulation process is that, upon the addition of polysaccharides, the interfacial coacervation between the protein and the sugar surrounding the lubricate droplets drives the result of microcapsules. On spray-dried microcapsules, the peroxide profit, microencapsulation effectiveness, and optic observation were examined.In order to create independent entities or microcapsules, the coating was thermally hardened to create microencapsulated capsules. To clearly display the microcapsules, photomicrographs were used. The microcapsules' microencapsulation effectiveness was investigated, and the judgments indicate that the maximum MEE (93.04%) was attained accompanying a comparably depressed vegetable fat content. This manifests a correlation between the portion fat load and MEE: the lower the microencapsulation efficiency, the larger the percentage fat load of herbs.  Studies on the peroxide content of the microcapsules told a reduced shelf-history at increased hotnesses of 38ºC in comparison to range temperature.

Author(s) Details:

T. S. Sonda,
Institute of Food Technology, Nutrition & Consumer Studies, School of Agriculture & Food Sciences, Njala University, Njala Campus, Sierra Leone.

Memuna K. Sawi,
Institute of Food Technology, Nutrition & Consumer Studies, School of Agriculture & Food Sciences, Njala University, Njala Campus, Sierra Leone.

Abigail Nyamawa,
Institute of Food Technology, Nutrition & Consumer Studies, School of Agriculture & Food Sciences, Njala University, Njala Campus, Sierra Leone.

M. S. Sonda,
Department of Agriculture Communication & Media, School of Agriculture & Food Sciences, Njala University, Sierra Leone.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V6/article/view/8847

Size Correlations Analysis of Polymeric Solution Microdroplets by Ultrasonic Atomization | Chapter 3 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 9

The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate how size correlation analysis can be used to forecast the size of polymeric solution droplets starting from process variables and material characteristics. The droplets are created using ultrasonic-assisted atomization, a mechanical technique for dispersing liquid into thin spray. These latter ones are created for the aim of microencapsulation, which is useful in the creation of medications. When compared to other atomization methods, the advantages of ultrasonic atomization include lower energy requirements, smaller apparatuses, lower levels of mechanical stress in materials, and others. traditional methods. An overview of spraying techniques and the fundamentals of atomization are provided for this purpose. This work specifically discusses the function of important parameters in atomization helped by ultrasonics and presents correlations to forecast droplet size. Alginate solution sprays are intentionally created and subjected to experimental (measurements) and theoretical (calculation) size observations due to the interest in microencapsulation for medicinal applications. Because the size of microdroplets plays such a crucial role in pharmaceutical manufacture and because the size of drug carriers can affect the rate and duration of release of encapsulated therapeutic agents, the ability to apply trustworthy empirical correlations is very helpful.

Author (s) Details

Anna Angela Barba
Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano SA, Italy and  Enhanced Systems and Technologies, EST Srl, University Spin-Off, , Via Circumvallazione n.39, 83100 Avellino, Italy and  Eng4Life Srl, University Spin-Off, , Via Circumvallazione n.39, 83100, Avellino, Italy.

Matteo d’Amore
Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano SA,  Italy and Eng4Life Srl, University Spin-Off, , Via Circumvallazione n.39, 83100, Avellino, Italy.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V9/article/view/7548

Recent Study on Production and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Microcapsules with Essential Oils Using Complex Coacervation | Chapter 5 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 6

 Today's needs and criteria for preventing infections during surgical procedures necessitate more creativity than ever before. The single-use textile substrates used in hospitals can also be employed to spread the antibacterial impact throughout the building. The major goal of this project is to use natural components to create antibacterial clothing and textile surfaces. Microencapsulation has demonstrated its ability to protect and vehiculize active principles that can be used in medical treatments on multiple occasions. Essential oils were utilised as an antibacterial agent in this study, and when mixed with shell polymers based on Chitosan with varying molecular weight distributions and Arabic gum, they were able to fight Gram (+) and Gram () bacteria. Chitosan has been demonstrated to be a biopolymer with a wide range of applications, but its molecular weight is extremely important. Due to its hydrogel-like characteristics, the examination of the efficiency of the final systems obtained presents highly valuable possibilities. In a layer by layer method (LbL), the influence of the molecular weight of biopolymers utilised has been established, and it provides a highly promising technique to assert a clear control over the delivery mechanisms. The essential oil used has a very volatile character generated by more than 40 components, and it was possible to confirm that all of its components were encapsulated using FT-IR and TGA. The impregnation of the various samples to the tissue was successful, allowing for the antibacterial research, which was carried out in duplicate on each sample and indicated bacterial activity.

Author(s) Details

A. López
INTEXTER-UPC, Barcelona, Spain.

M. J. Lis
INTEXTER-UPC, Barcelona, Spain.

F. Maesta Bezerra
Department of Textile Engineering, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Apucarana, Brasil.

M. Vilaseca
INTEXTER-UPC, Barcelona, Spain.

B. Vallés
INTEXTER-UPC, Barcelona, Spain.

R. Prieto
INTEXTER-UPC, Barcelona, Spain.

M. Simó
INTEXTER-UPC, Barcelona, Spain.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V6/article/view/998