Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum HFY05 on Regulating NF-κ B Pathway Related Inflammatory Response and Inhibiting Thrombosis | Chapter 6 | Application of Probiotics in Exercise and Thrombosis Inhibition

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Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases continue to threaten the lives of humans, especially those of middle-aged adults and the elderly. Thrombosis is the main cause of death due to cardiovascular diseases, which includes chronic thrombosis and results in cerebral ischemia, hypoxia, tissue softening, and necrosis. This study investigated the anti-thrombotic potential of Lactobacillus plantarum KFY05 (LP-KFY05) and its underlying mechanism via the NF-κB pathway in a murine carrageenan-induced thrombosis model. Biochemical assays, microscopic examination, qPCR, and western blotting were employed to analyse serum and tissue parameters, while faecal microbial abundance was assessed to determine changes in gut microbiota composition. Results demonstrated that LP-KFY05 significantly reduced tail blackening in thrombotic mice (n=10 per group), prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and decreased thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (FIB) level, and prothrombin time (PT). Furthermore, LP-KFY05 treatment lowered serum and renal tissue concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Histopathological analysis via hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that LP-KFY05 alleviated renal tissue injury and tail vein thrombosis. qPCR results indicated that LP-KFY05 downregulated mRNA expression of NF-κB p65, IL-6, TNF-α, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in renal tissues, as well as NF-κB p65, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin in tail vein vascular tissues. Western blot analysis confirmed the downregulation of NF-κB protein expression in both renal and tail vein tissues. Additionally, LP-KFY05 increased the abundances of Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium, while reducing the abundance of Firmicutes. In conclusion, LP-KFY05 effectively mitigates inflammation and inhibits thrombosis in mice, with high-dose LP-KFY05 exhibiting the most pronounced effects, comparable to those of the positive control drug dipyridamole. However, this study was conducted in a murine model, and further clinical investigations are necessary to confirm the efficacy and safety of LP-KFY05 in humans.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

Shi Zeng
Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, China.

 

Ruokun Yi
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China.

 

Fang Tan
Department of Public Health, Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela, Philippines.

 

Peng Sun
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China.

 

Qiang Cheng
Department of Neurosurgery, People’s Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, Chongqing, China.

 

Xin Zhao
Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-998509-9-6/CH6

Determination of Anti-inflammatory Properties of Asparagus officinalis Extract | Chapter 8 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 10

Aim: The present work was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of Asparagus officinalis (AO) extract on liver inflammation CGN-induced.

 

Background: Inflammation itself results in more hepatic cell damage, and a flow of cytokines and chemokines called inflammatory mediators is released, which in turn leads to the accumulation of leukocytes, mast cells, and macrophages in the inflammation site.

 

Materials and Methods: Forty male Swiss albino mice were divided randomly into four groups, 10/each. The first group acted as untreated control, the second group was treated daily with an oral dose of (500 mg/kg) AO extract for one week, the third group was treated with a single dose of 2%W/V carrageenan (CGN) intraperitoneally, and left for one week, the fourth group treated with carrageenan as a third group and AO extract as the second group.

 

Results: CGN injection resulted in a significant increase of WBCs and platelets, elevation of liver enzymes, and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-              α and IL6). Morphological features of the tails showed severe necrosis, and histopathological examination of tail tissue displayed a heavy incidence of inflammatory cells in the dermis layer and liver revealing severe inflammation, steatosis, and ballooning. The present study showed that a single dose of carrageenan could induce severe hepatic inflammation represented by an increase in liver enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP) which due to hepatocellular degeneration leads to the draining of enzymes in the bloodstream. Several studies declared that AO extracts improved the elevated liver enzymes by bisphenol A. Meanwhile, post-treatment with AO extract after CGN showed a significant decrease in WBCs, platelets, and physiological parameters. Histopathological analysis revealed less incidence of inflammation in the tail and liver tissue besides improvement of tissues and pathological score.

 

Conclusion: Post-treatment with AO extract after CGN injection showed significant improvement manifested by lowering liver enzymes, cytokines, and liver inflammation.

 

Author(s) Details

Doaa M. Elnagar
Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Egypt and Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v10/1975

Therapeutic Effects of Asparagus officinalis Extract on Carrageenan-Induced Allergic Asthma in Swiss Albino Mice | Chapter 3 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 3

Background: Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory alteration of lung airways stimulated by immune-mediated reactions. The most represented symptoms of asthma are cough, chest tightness, shortness of breath and wheezing.

Purpose: To determine the inhibitory effect of Asparagus officinalis extract (AOE) on allergic asthma induced by carrageenan (CGN).

Methods: Forty male mice were divided into 4 groups: the 1st group was untreated control; the 2nd group was treated orally and daily with 500 mg/kg AOE for one week; the 3rd group was treated with a single dose of CGN 2 % w/v (200 µL/mice) intraperitoneally and left for one week; while the 4th group was treated first with CGN as in the 3rd group and treated with AOE as in the 2nd group after CGN injection for one week. After treatment, the animals were sacrificed, and blood samples were subjected to white blood cell count. IL-6 and TNF-α was measured in the lung homogenate while histopathological analysis was performed for lung samples.

Results: A single dose of CGN resulted in a significant increase in white blood cell (WBC) count and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (490) and TNF-α (980) pg/ml; p = 0). Histopathological analysis showed severe lung alterations such as accumulation of infiltration cells that blocked alveolar sacs, and over-secretion of collagenous fibers, extracellular matrix, and hyaline membranes. Moreover, treatment with AOE after CGN injection significantly reduced WBC count (14x109) (p = 0) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 (300) and TNF-α (830)pg/ml) that were raised by CGN (p = 0). Furthermore, AOE reduced the pathological signs that were induced by the matrix, and to the improvement of lung function and reduction of collagenous fibers and hyaline membranes.

Conclusion: Carrageenan is an allergen-induced inflammatory agent and causes marked pathological alterations, thereby increasing pulmonary pathological scarring in addition to increasing the WBC count and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Asparagus officinalis extract reduces the allergic effect and lung pathological signs induced by CGN. Since AOE inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines, it has the potential to be developed as a source of active pharmaceutical ingredients for the management of lung and airway injury.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Doaa M Elnagar
Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia and Zoology Department, Faculty of Women, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

 

Sarah A Banaeem
Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Wejdan S AL-Qahtani
Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Norah M Al- Qahtani
Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Ahmed M Rady
Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Khalid E Ibrahim
Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Aisha H Alqarni
Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Shaden A Alshareef
Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Samiah A Almalki
Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Nuha M Alabdulhadi
Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v3/4112

Edible Coatings and Films in Grapevine By-Product Infusions and Freshly Processed Products | Chapter 7 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 1

This book chapter focuses on the environmental issues linked with the wine industry, mainly the amount of waste it generates. However, studies have shown that the by-products of this waste, including grapes, skins, seeds, and leaves, contain essential biocompounds and nutrients like phenolic compounds, flavonoids, procyanidins, and vitamin C that are beneficial to human health. These by-products have been found to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-aging, and anti-cancer properties. However, due to their perishable nature, they need preservation methods. This chapter recommends using edible films and coatings, a novel and eco-friendly post-harvest preservation technique. This method helps maintain the quality of lightly processed foods, preserve essential nutrients, protect against microorganisms, and maintain their original appearance. Therefore, this review aims to explore different techniques and types of edible coatings like chitosan, agar-agar, gelatin, alginate, guar gum, soy lecithin, maltodextrin, inulin, and propolis for the preparation of grape by-products in foods and drinks. More research is required to optimize coating formulations for the best quality.

Author(s) Details:

Teresa Pinto,
CITAB, Department of Biology and Environment, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agrifood Production, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.

Ana Pinto,
University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.

Alice Vilela,
CQ-VR, Department of Agronomy, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPMAB-V1/article/view/13852

Determining the Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Microbial Activity of Chalcone from Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Leaves | Chapter 13 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 6

 The isolation and characterization of a chalcone or okanin [(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(2,3,4-trihydroxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one] has been disclosed in this paper. Bio-assay-guided fractionation was used to isolate the cells. Methanol, hexane extracts, and isolated okanin from methanol extracts all had antibacterial action against gramme positive (Micrococcus luteus and Staphlococcus aureus) and gramme negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, R. planticola and Acinetobacter). Hexane extracts, methanol extracts of Dalbergia sisso Roxb, and okanin have all been examined for their anti-inflammatory properties. The methanolic extract was the most active. Dalbergia sissoo dried leaves have antibacterial, antiprotozoal, and anti-inflammatory properties. This is the first time a chalcone from the genus Dalbergia has been discovered. The discovery shows that more research is needed to determine the presence of novel phytoconstituents.

Author(S) Details

Padma C. Behera
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jharkhand Rai University, India.

S. M. Verma
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jharkhand Rai University, India.

Posa Mahesh Kumar
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jharkhand Rai University, India.

Nalin B. Das
Bioresource and Engineering Department, Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology (CSIR) Bhubaneswar 751013, Orissa, India.

Pravat M. Mishra
Bioresource and Engineering Department, Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology (CSIR) Bhubaneswar 751013, Orissa, India.

Sasmita Baliarsingh
Gandhi Engineering College, Bhubaneswar 751013, Orissa, India.

Hemendra Mishra
Department of Pharmacy, Jharkhand Rai University, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRD-V6/article/view/5191

Optimization of Extraction and Quality Assessment Based on Physicochemical Properties of Carrageenan from Red Algae (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Origin of South Sulawesi Indonesia: A Recent Study | Chapter 8 | Research Trends and Challenges in Physical Science Vol. 5

 Carrageenan, a chemical produced from the red algae Kappaphycus alvarezii, is one of the substances that can be created as a raw material for pharmaceuticals or excipients. This red algae species was chosen as the subject of study because, in addition to having a high carrageenan content, it can be found in abundance in the waters of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study began with the collection, washing, and processing of red algae, followed by carrageenan extraction using a modified extraction method. Because the percent RSD of both the repeatability and reproducibility calculations does not exceed 3%, the carrageenan extraction method using a technical ethanol precipitator and pro-analytical ethanol meets the repeatability and reproducibility precision requirements because it meets the Horwitz standard of a maximum RSD of 3%. To get carrageenan raw materials, the extracted products were separated, filtered, and dried. The products were then physically and chemically examined, as well as spectrophotometry and chromatography, to guarantee that the carrageenan obtained fulfilled the quality standards as excipient raw materials in pharmaceutical formulations. The results showed that the raw material from Kappaphycus alvarezii red algae meets Indonesian National Standard (SNI) quality criteria, and the carrageenan produced meets Food Agriculture Organization (FAO), Food Chemicals Codex (FCC), and European Economic Community quality standards (EEC).

Author(S) Details

Syaharuddin
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.

Subehan
Phytochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.

Gemini Alam
Phytochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.

Yusnita Rifai
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCPS-V5/article/view/4956

Liposome as Mucoadgesive Systems for Delivery Echinochrome-Carrageenan Complex | Chapter 9 | Current Advances in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 2

The incorporation of drugs in liposomes provides the potential for delivery to mucosal surfaces on a localized and sustained basis. Liposomes are lipid vesicles which contain or incorporate into their shell an aqueous solution of the active substance in their inner space. The inclusion of the echinochrome A carrageenan matrix ((Ech) - the active substance of the drug Histochrome) in liposomes has been studied. Ech was not oxidized according to spectral characteristics and maintained stability after encapsulation in the liposomes and the lyophilization process. The loading of liposomes with a negatively charged polysaccharide results in an increase of the zeta potential to more negative values (from -14.6 to -24.4 mV), which, along with an increase in liposome sizes (from 124.7 to 2.2 to 159.3 to 5.8 nm), implies the development of a polymer coating on liposomes. The DLS and SEM methods determined the interactions of liposomes with porcine stomach mucin. As a consequence of the interaction of liposomes with mucin, changes in the zeta-potential and size of the mucin particles were observed. A fresh-frozen inner surface of the pig's small intestine as a model of mucous tissue was used to determine the mucoadhesive properties of liposomes and the penetration of Ech into the mucosa. There are very strong mucoadhesive properties in polysaccharide-coated liposomes; 50 percent of Ech remains on the mucosa.

Author (s) Details

V. I. Gorbach
G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 Let Vladivostoku Prosp., 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.

V. P. Glazunov
G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 Let Vladivostoku Prosp., 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.

V. N. Davydova
G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 Let Vladivostoku Prosp., 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.

I. M. Yermak
G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 100 Let Vladivostoku Prosp., 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACB-V2/issue/view/16