Therapeutic Effects of Asparagus officinalis Extract on Carrageenan-Induced Allergic Asthma in Swiss Albino Mice | Chapter 3 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 3

Background: Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory alteration of lung airways stimulated by immune-mediated reactions. The most represented symptoms of asthma are cough, chest tightness, shortness of breath and wheezing.

Purpose: To determine the inhibitory effect of Asparagus officinalis extract (AOE) on allergic asthma induced by carrageenan (CGN).

Methods: Forty male mice were divided into 4 groups: the 1st group was untreated control; the 2nd group was treated orally and daily with 500 mg/kg AOE for one week; the 3rd group was treated with a single dose of CGN 2 % w/v (200 µL/mice) intraperitoneally and left for one week; while the 4th group was treated first with CGN as in the 3rd group and treated with AOE as in the 2nd group after CGN injection for one week. After treatment, the animals were sacrificed, and blood samples were subjected to white blood cell count. IL-6 and TNF-α was measured in the lung homogenate while histopathological analysis was performed for lung samples.

Results: A single dose of CGN resulted in a significant increase in white blood cell (WBC) count and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (490) and TNF-α (980) pg/ml; p = 0). Histopathological analysis showed severe lung alterations such as accumulation of infiltration cells that blocked alveolar sacs, and over-secretion of collagenous fibers, extracellular matrix, and hyaline membranes. Moreover, treatment with AOE after CGN injection significantly reduced WBC count (14x109) (p = 0) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 (300) and TNF-α (830)pg/ml) that were raised by CGN (p = 0). Furthermore, AOE reduced the pathological signs that were induced by the matrix, and to the improvement of lung function and reduction of collagenous fibers and hyaline membranes.

Conclusion: Carrageenan is an allergen-induced inflammatory agent and causes marked pathological alterations, thereby increasing pulmonary pathological scarring in addition to increasing the WBC count and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Asparagus officinalis extract reduces the allergic effect and lung pathological signs induced by CGN. Since AOE inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines, it has the potential to be developed as a source of active pharmaceutical ingredients for the management of lung and airway injury.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Doaa M Elnagar
Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia and Zoology Department, Faculty of Women, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

 

Sarah A Banaeem
Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Wejdan S AL-Qahtani
Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Norah M Al- Qahtani
Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Ahmed M Rady
Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Khalid E Ibrahim
Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Aisha H Alqarni
Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Shaden A Alshareef
Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Samiah A Almalki
Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Nuha M Alabdulhadi
Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v3/4112

Penicillin Allergy Diagnostics by Specific IgE Study | Chapter 4 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 5

Aims: The aim of the study is to evaluate the allergic similarities between different penicillin forms and cefaclor.

Study Design:  Retrospective Laboratory Registry Data Analysis.

Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory Registry Data obtained from the Central Laboratory of the Kuopio University Hospital District with a population of 251,000. Data collection between Jan 2010 and Aug 2021.

Methodology: List of specific IgE analyses for phenoxymethylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin and cefaclor with total serum IgE.

Results: Penicillin forms of phenoxymethylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin and cefaclor did not share the same antigenic determinants. Only 14 cases of formally positive specific IgE results were detected but setting the cut-off limit of specific IgE to 0.8 kU/L, then the number of positively-interpreted allergies dropped to 5 cases.

Conclusion: We suggest that in case of suspicion of penicillin allergy, specific IgE analyses for phenoxymethylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin and cefaclor with total serum IgE be performed for a better estimation of specific penicillin allergy. Previously recommended penicillin allergy testing by oral 250 mg amoxicillin is not a fully diagnostic test. Real IgE-mediated penicillin allergy is very rare.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Rauno J. Harvima
Departments of Dermatology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.

 

Ilkka T. Harvima
Departments of Dermatology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v5/4221

Influence of Birth Season Climate on Adult Total Serum IgE Levels | Chapter 7 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

 Background: The effect of beginning season climate on adult IgE-arbitrated respiratory affliction is an important community health issue.Objective: To determine the effect of beginning season climate on adult total antitoxin IgE (TSIgE) levels.Study Design: The study is a backward-looking chart review with the following addition criteria: TSIgE calculation, age ≥16, and northeastern Tennessee birthplace. Main effect measures include TSIgE levels, beginning season climatic environments, and regional irritant-producing plant and irritant counts.Results: The records of 1,274 women (mean age 40.8 ± 17.5, age range 16-96) and 762 guys (mean age 38.1 ± 17, age range 16-82) seen in our Allergy Clinic were inspected. Persons born in the spring and vacation, the seasons with the best irritant counts and the most encouraging climatic environments for plant growth, had almost twice the probability of having TSIgE levels >1σ above the mean of the students that study together when compared to those innate in the fall or winter (probability ratio (OR) 1.75, 95% assurance interval (CI) 0.96-3.17 and OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.04-3.57, individually); odds were topmost for those born in March (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.37-4.74) and July (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.25-4.51) and shortest for those innate in November (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.0068-1.79). When averaged over the 95-years of study and five 30-period climate eras TSIgE levels increased linearly as the seasons advanced from fall to summertime (r2= 0.9475, P=0.0266). Of the climatic determinants, TSIgE levels correlated most powerfully with levels of drizzle (r2= 0.9145, P=0.0437).

Author(s) Details:

John Kelly Smith,
Department of Academic Affairs and Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V7/article/view/12159

Lifesaving Intravenous Bolus Epinephrine Administration in a Case of Severe Refractory Anaphylactic Shock| Chapter 3 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 8

 A conceivably inevitable response to various allergies is anaphylaxis. Reducing death demands early discovery and administration. In this record of what happened, a 31-period-old man accompanying a record of hypertension is given in summary. He bothered the emergency with migraine, sickness in stomach, disgorging, discomfort in welcome right thigh, and an elevated ancestry pressure (BP) of 212/134 mmHg.  The patient was begun on copy captopril 12.5 mg dose and copy amlodipine 5 mg capsule for his extreme BP and copy diclofenac 75 mg (1 mg/kg) intramuscular (IM) for welcome quarter pain. The patient's mucosal membranes started swelling two summary later, but skilled was no urticaria or rash. Additionally, welcome BP unexpectedly raze and enhanced unrecordable. First-line treatment was begun at once, and two conventional adult IM epinephrine dosages were likely five record apart. The BP waited imperceptible and a after second IM epinephrine measure of 500 mcg was executed along with an endovenous (IV) epinephrine trickle begun at a rate of 4 mcg/brief time period. The BP attained 60/40 mmHg but preserved falling, so an IV epinephrine tablet of 300 mcg (4 mcg/kg) was likely and the IV epinephrine drop resumed. BP risen to 126/75 mmHg and therefore discontinued to 88/59 mmHg; a second IV epinephrine tablet of 200 mcg (2.6 mcg/kg) was executed, and BP was rebuilt to 140/90 mmHg. Emergency positions demand quick labeling and operation. IM epinephrine is now the entree of situation for anaphylaxis. Multiple IM epinephrine injections might be necessary contingent upon the patient’s answer. By specifying a case place IV bolus epinephrine was favorably executed to thwart forthcoming cardiovascular collapse, we hope our case report increases the methodical study of part of material world on severe stubborn anaphylaxis. Highlighting the need for appropriate intensification of administration likely the chance of physicians with knowledge.

Author(s) Details:

Mustafa Mohamed Mohamed Hasan Hammad,
The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland – Medical University of Bahrain, Bahrain.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V8/article/view/9337

Essential Pediatric Immunopathology | Chapter 02 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

 The immune system is responsible for defence, vigilance, and homeostasis. Immunodeficiency, allergy, and autoimmune illnesses are caused by pathological changes in the immune system. Immunodeficiencies occur when the immune system is unable to generate a sufficient response to hostility from the outside environment. Allergies occur when the immune system encounters and perceives an environmental factor as an aggressor, resulting in an excessive response. An aggressive response to the body's own structures is developed in autoimmune disorders. Multiple origins and effector pathways are implicated in these various pathogenic immune response changes. The information in this text is intended for non-specialist physicians. The goal of this chapter is to provide a brief overview of the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of the most common immunopathological illnesses in children and adolescents.

Author(S) Details

Arnoldo Quezada
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.

David Martinez
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Luis Lira
Police Hospital (Hoscar), Santiago, Chile.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V2/article/view/6122

A Brief Study about Allergic Rhinitis | Chapter 18 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 The current research gives an overview of Allergic Rhinitis and how to treat it. It's a great resource for rhinology students and physicians that deal with this condition. It teaches them how to examine allergic rhinitis patients in a systematic way, which is quite frequent in most demographics and causes a lot of morbidity. Allergy is a difficult subject to learn in general, and treating individuals with this ailment requires a lot of perseverance. The first step in treating a patient with allergic rhinitis is to get a thorough medical history. Following that, a full assessment and inquiry will be conducted. The general practitioner is the first professional involved in the treatment of allergic rhinitis patients, followed by specialists, particularly otorhinolaryngologists, and finally allied healthcare staff. Nasal blockage, obstruction, or congestion, as well as nasal discharge, are all indications of inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Facial pain/pressure, as well as a diminution or loss of scent, are common symptoms. Endoscopic signs of nasal polyps, mucopurulent discharge, and mucosal oedema in the middle meatus, as well as CT changes of mucosa within the ostoemeatal complex and sinuses, are seen. Definitions, etiologies, clinical manifestations, diagnosis/prognosis, and therapy of allergic rhinitis are all discussed. The common allergens that cause the condition are examined, as well as the pathophysiology and classification of allergic rhinitis. Different forms of allergy testing are discussed, along with their functions and characteristics. Immunotherapy principles in the treatment of allergic rhinitis are explored in this article. The health repercussions of allergic rhinitis are discussed, as well as their impact on physical quality of life. The main purpose of this presentation is to improve diagnosis accuracy by encouraging appropriate use of ancillary tests including nasoendoscopy, allergy testing, computed tomography, and other comparable procedures, as well as minimising antibiotic use. The treatment strategy is determined on the severity and duration of allergic rhinitis. Allergy avoidance, medicine, allergen immunotherapy, and limited-function surgery are all covered.

Author(S) Details

Debashis Acharya
Primary Health Care Corporation, Govt. of Qatar, Qatar.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V7/article/view/5773

An Introduction to Seafood Allergy: With Special Mention on Shellfish Allergens | Chapter 09 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

 Seafood is a staple of most people's diets around the world. More frequent reports of adverse responses have come from increased production and consumption, stressing the need for more specific diagnosis and treatment of seafood allergy. The primary allergen in shellfish has been identified as tropomyosin, which induces IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. Oral allergy syndromes, urticaria, and anaphylaxis are among the symptoms. Shellfish have a lot of cross-reactivity. Clinical cross-reactivity with other species, as well as possible new therapy techniques, require further research. This chapter's information on diagnosis, treatment, and regulation can help you prevent developing a seafood allergy.

Author(S) Details

D. M. Affarin Tinku
Department of Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai-400061, Maharashtra, India.

P. Layana
Department of Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai-400061, Maharashtra, India.

Amjad K. Balange
Department of Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai-400061, Maharashtra, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V2/article/view/5572

The Impact of Bioresonance Therapy on Human Health | Chapter 8 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 10

 Introduction: Bioresonance is a holistic physical technique that can be used to diagnose and treat a variety of illnesses. The electromagnetic waves received from the patient are used by bioresonance. This biophysical treatment modifies the energy field of the diseased body, improving the autoimmune system's effectiveness and hence the patient's general health. Bioresonance isn't a cure-all, and it's not meant to take the place of traditional treatment. The researchers utilised a quasi-experimental method to see if bioresonance had an influence on the patients' symptoms. The examination of numerous characteristics such as age, gender, studies, occupation, intolerance or disease, as well as the existence and balancing of allergic charges, are all part of statistical data processing. 311 patients from doctors and bio-coordinating laboratories in Athens, Thessaloniki, Volos, and Xanthi participated in the study. The study's participants ranged in age from 2 to 76 years old and included both men (120 subjects – 38.58 percent) and women (191 subjects – 61.42 percent). Patients between the ages of 31 and 45 had the highest number of patients. The individuals with nose symptoms (61.09 percent) were the most common, followed by ocular, respiratory, cutaneous, and gastrointestinal complaints. After a year of bioresonance treatment, the majority of patients (90 percent) report no symptoms or significant improvement in their symptoms. These findings suggest that bioresonance intervention had a significant effect on symptom improvement, and that this improvement is still visible 12 months later; p.01. Conclusion: We hope that the upcoming findings will contribute to a greater knowledge of bioresonance's effect on the human body, as well as its role in avoiding and resolving health problems. Bioresonance is a relatively new concept in medicine that addresses the need for early diagnosis of abnormalities and organ malfunctions that could lead to illnesses.

Author (S) Details

Periklis Karakos
School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.

Tripsiannis Grigorios
School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.

Konstantinidis Theodoros
School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.

Lialiaris Theodoros
School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CDHR-V10/article/view/2549

A Critical Discussion: Possibility of the Strategic Treatment for Various Tumors Using the Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Based on the Common Pathologic Findings that Mast Cells and Leukotrienes are Involved in the Development and Proliferation of Tumors | Chapter 2 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 13

 One of the antiallergic drugs, the leukotriene receptor antagonist, is indicated with an asthmatic therapeutic drug. We discovered that mast cells and a leukotriene receptor were frequently present in a variety of malignant and benign tumours, proving that the allergic reaction was closely linked to tumour growth and proliferation. We also tested the effectiveness of using a leukotriene receptor antagonist to treat a spontaneous rat tumour and found it to be effective. Our findings indicate that this drug has a broad impact and has less side effects, which may lead to a debate about chemotherapy for the present malignant tumour. The latest evidence and potential prospects in the oncotherapy of the leukotriene receptor antagonist are briefly summarised in this commentary. Combination treatment with leukotriene receptor antagonists alone or other medications is expected to be a potential therapy for tumours. We also hope that preventive medicine will be created to prevent benign tumours from being malignant.

Author (s) Details

Masao Sugamata
Department of Pathology, Tochigi Institute of Clinical Pathology, Japan

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTMMR-V13/article/view/733

Monitoring the Risk Factors Associated with Asthma among Saudi Adults in Najran | Chapter 11 | Challenges in Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

Context: Asthma is a respiratory condition that affects individuals of all ages. Over the last few decades, its prevalence in Saudi Arabia has increased. The goal of this study was to explore common asthma-related risk factors among Saudi adults in Najran between December 2016 and October 2017. In addition to another 184 healthy people as a control group, the research population was one hundred and eighty four patients who were over 18 years of age and who were diagnosed with definite asthma (cases), which balanced the cases in terms of age and sex. A questionnaire was completed by instances as well as by controls as a data collection tool. It consisted of data that included environmental factors that could be possible risk factors for asthma, including personal, family and indoor factors. The mean case and control ages were respectively 21.3 (± 16.5) and 21.7 (± 16.8) years, respectively. There were 108 (58.7 percent) males in each group, alongside 76 (43.3 percent) females. There was no substantial correlation between the incidence of asthma and the degree of education and the P-value >0.05 of indoor plants. On the other hand, multivariate logistic regression analysis found that family history (OR=5.01 and CI=2.09-8.42), using sprays of insecticides or air fresheners (OR=8.5, CI=2.34-11.09), as well as rhinitis (OR=4.76, CI=2.19-6.45) were substantially correlated with asthma incidence. Additionally, active or passive smoking was significantly correlated with asthma among adults in Najran (P-value = 0.041 and 0.012). Based on the findings obtained, it was concluded that there are various trends of risk factors for asthma, those factors seem to play a significant role and are likely to contribute to the severity of this burden. It has been concluded that the most risk factors for developing asthma among Saudi adults are family background, smoking, allergic rhinitis and smoking. Further studies have been recommended for the investigation of other causes. In addition, health education services are widely recommended for educating people about risk factors, preventive measures, early detection and careful management.

Author(s) Details

N. K. Elfaki
Department of Community Health Nursing, Nursing College, Najran University, Saudi Arabia.

A. Y. Shiby
Department. of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Nursing College, Najran University, Saudi Arabia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CDHR-V5/issue/view/7