Nutritional Assessment and its Associated Risk Factors of Adult Tuberculosis Patients in Namibia: A Cross Sectional Study | Chapter 7 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 7Nutritional Assessment and its Associated Risk Factors of Adult Tuberculosis Patients in Namibia: A Cross Sectional Study | Chapter 7 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a big problem for public health around the world, especially in developing countries. In Namibia, the incidence of TB is notably high and is often exacerbated by malnutrition and other socio-economic factors. Namibia is ranked 10th highest in the world, due to the incidence rate of 457 per 1000 population; with a population of about 3 million, it shared a percentage of the global TB burden. The aim of the study was to evaluate the importance of nutritional status and risk factors militating against the health and well-being of newly diagnosed TB patients in Windhoek, Namibia. This study was designed as a cross-sectional study, and non-probability, convenience sampling techniques were used. The study adopted a dynamic uncontrolled process, assessing the nutritional intake of TB patients and not testing an intervention. A total of 111 newly diagnosed TB patients participated in the study. A questionnaire-based survey was used to collect demographic information such as age, gender, education level, marital status, employment status, type of occupation, and household income level, as well as behavioural variables such as smoking habits and alcohol consumption. To get the Body Mass Index (BMI) of participants, height and weight were measured at Direct Observed Treatment (DOT) clinics. The BMI was measured and taken during the last four months of the treatment regime, taking measurements once a month as the participants were coming back for follow-up treatment. BMI evaluated their nutritional status. Males formed a significant majority, representing 67.6%, and females represented 32.4%. The study revealed that 38.7% of patients were malnourished. Malnutrition was more common in males than in females (27%). The result shows a significant association with age group (0.018), marital status (0), educational status (0.0252), and employment status (0.0106) with nutritional status. The data analysis and findings from this study highlight significant insights into the socio-economic and nutritional challenges faced by tuberculosis (TB) patients in Windhoek, Namibia. Moreover, the analysis identifies a strong correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and TB status, emphasising that lower BMI is associated with higher TB risk. Factors such as monthly income emerged as significant predictors of nutritional status, suggesting that economic stability was crucial for improving health outcomes among TB patients.

 

 

Author(s) Details

M Musuuo
Preventative Health Science Department, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 13388, Windhoek, Namibia.

 

O Awofolu
Preventative Health Science Department, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 13388, Windhoek, Namibia.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v7/6582

Tapestry of Mental Illnesses: Exploring Causes, Symptoms and Mechanisms Behind the Veil of Depression | Chapter 2 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 5

Depression, a pervasive mental illness globally, manifests as a state of despair leading to diminished motivation and interest in life's rewards. This chapter examines various risk factors contributing to depression, encompassing genetic, chemical, psychological, environmental, and biological elements. It delves into the multifaceted nature of depression, exploring its diverse endophenotypes such as anhedonia, anxiety, despair, and hopelessness. By synthesizing current understandings of depression's etiology, such as alterations in neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, the chapter underscores the need for future research to explore these biological mechanisms, particularly their implications for developing targeted interventions.  The chapter also discusses the detrimental impact of depression on brain regions like the amygdala, hippocampus, and pre-frontal cortices, as well as its effects on gastrointestinal, immune, and endocrine systems. Moreover, the possible treatment approaches for depression in the current scenario and its societal impacts are also included for a better understanding of depression as a common mental disorder. Additionally, the discussion on the impact of depression on critical brain regions and body systems emphasizes the necessity for integrated treatment approaches that consider both psychological and physiological aspects. This holistic perspective can inform clinical practices by advocating for personalized treatment plans that incorporate evidence-based therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based approaches, thus enhancing the effectiveness of interventions for individuals suffering from depression. Overall, the chapter contributes significantly to the field by not only elucidating the complexities of depression but also suggesting pathways for future exploration and improved clinical outcomes.

Author (s) Details

 

Karuna Gautam
Department of Zoology, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.

 

Poonam Singh
Department of Zoology, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v5/2988

The Challenges of Cesarean Delivery at Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure, Bamako Mali | Chapter 1 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 9

 Introduction: Cesarean permits to treat difficulties related to vaginal delivery and risk situations of fetal asphyxia. It also permits to save the mother and fetus. However, in developing countries as ours, complications related to this cesarean are not to be neglected. It constitutes an important cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Here, the experience of the structure of complications of cesarean is reported.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to study the complications of cesarean section at the teaching hospital Gabriel TOURE, Bamako, Mali.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study from January 1st 2003 to December 31st 2013 was carried out. All the patients who gave birth by cesarean operation in the gynecology-obstetric service of the teaching hospital Gabriel TOURE were included during this period of study. Descriptive statistics were used, Chi-square test, Pearson, and Cochran Armitage test have been used to calculate the P-value of trend. A multivariate analyses with a high alpha threshold of 10%, and then logistic regression multivariate was performed. It has been applied to appreciate the effect of maternal characteristics, obstetric practice, systemic factors, on the cesarean delivery rate and the complications.

Results: We have registered 28,376 deliveries with 9509 cases of cesarean (33.5%) and a complication cesarean rate of 32% (3049/9509). The main risk factors for cesarean operation completions were adolescence, primiparity, obesity, the non-realization of antenatal care, evacuations and co-morbidities. Intraoperative complications were dominated by hemorrhage 8.3% and bladder lesion 1.1%, whereas anemia (58.8%) and parietal infection (21.1%) dominated the postoperative complications table. The evacuation (Odds Ratio adjusted (ORa) = 1.96) as well as pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (ORa = 2.34) and the sickle cell disease (ORa = 9.99) were the main influencing factors of maternal death. Praevia placenta (ORa = 1.75) abruption placenta (ORa = 11.08) and fetal malformation (ORa = 2.21) dominated the influencing factors of perinatal death. Conclusion: The cesarean complications rates were high in our improvement of the quality of antenatal care. The reorganization and revitalization of the reference and against reference system will permit the program some cesarean operations to reduce the morbidity related to cesarean.

 

Author (s) Details

Abdoulaye Sissoko
Teaching Hospital Gabriel TOURE, Bamako, Mali.

 

Alassane Traore
Teaching Hospital, Bamako, Mali.

 

Ibrahim Kante
Teaching Hospital Point G, Bamako, Mali.

 

Amadou Bocoum
Teaching Hospital Gabriel TOURE, Bamako, Mali.

 

Soumana Oumar Traore
District Hospital Commune V, Bamako, Mali.

 

Seydou Fane
Teaching Hospital Gabriel TOURE, Bamako, Mali.

 

Daniel Dembele
Teaching Hospital Gabriel TOURE, Bamako, Mali.

 

Aminata Kouma
Teaching Hospital Kati, Bamako, Mali.

 

Mamadou Sima
Teaching Hospital Point G, Bamako, Mali.

 

Fatoumata K. Tounkara
Research Center CHU of Quebec, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada.

 

Amadou Fomba
Teaching Hospital Gabriel TOURE, Bamako, Mali.

 

Ibrahima Teguete
Teaching Hospital Gabriel TOURE, Bamako, Mali.

 

Youssouf Traore
Teaching Hospital Gabriel TOURE, Bamako, Mali.

Soumaila Keita
Teaching Hospital Point G, Bamako, Mali.

 

Niani Moukoro
Teaching Hospital Gabriel TOURE, Bamako, Mali.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v9/4224

The Association of Obesity with Isolated Systolic Hypertension: Evidence from a Nationwide Survey in Mongolia | Chapter 10 | Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 2

Purpose: To determine the association of obesity with Isolated systolic hypertension among people aged 15-64 years.

Materials and Methods: The study design is a population-based cross-sectional study. An association of obesity with Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) using data from the “Mongolian STEPS Survey on the prevalence of non-communicable disease and injury risk factors-2009” was examined. A total of 5456 people participated in this study. ISH was defined as systolic blood pressure≥140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure<90 mmHg. Body weight, height, waist circumference, body fat content, and blood pressure were measured in all survey participants. One in three survey participants was tested for blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein in serum.

Results: Mean body weight, mean body mass index and waist circumference in people with ISH were statistically and significantly higher compared to the people with normal blood pressure. The prevalence of obesity in the group with ISH was 21.3 percent. It was statistically and significantly higher than in the normotensive group (11.6 percent) (p=0.0001). The prevalence of central obesity was 55.0 percent in the group with ISH and 45.0 percent in the normotensive group. In terms of gender, central obesity was 76.3 percent in females with ISH and 42.0 percent in males with ISH (p=0.0001). The findings demonstrate that the prevalence of central obesity is significantly higher among females with ISH than males.  Body fat content was high and very high in 66.6 percent of the people with ISH and in 50.5 percent of the people with normal blood pressure (p=0.0001). Body fat content is higher in the group with ISH compared to the normotensive group without gender difference. (p=0.0001) . The association between obesity and ISH by univariate logistic regression analysis was studied. As the study result, the risk of ISH is 1.5 times more in people with central obesity, 2.3 times more in the obese by BMI, and 2.1 times more in people with increased body fat (p=0.003, p=0.0001). On confirmation of multiple logistic regression analysis, age, gender, central obesity, excessive salt intake and increasing blood glucose were independent risk factors for ISH. Central obesity, excessive salt intake and increasing blood glucose are related to the lifestyle of people and those are modifiable risk factors for ISH. 

Conclusions: It was revealed in our study that among 15-64-year-olds, an increase in body mass index, fat content and waist circumference are risk factors for Isolated systolic hypertension. The prevalence of central obesity is significantly higher among females with ISH than males. The risk for Isolated systolic hypertension is 2 times higher in people with central obesity.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Dechmaa J
Internal Department, Ach Medical University, Mongolia.

 

Bolormaa I
National Center for Public Health, Mongolia.

 

Otgontuya D
Asia Development Bank, Mongolia.

 

Davaalkham D
School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Mongolia.

 

Narantuya D
The Third State Central Hospital, Mongolia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrd/v2/3646

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) of the Oral Cavity: Evolving Patterns | Chapter 8 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 7

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) comprises 85-90% of all malignancies involving the oral cavity and is prevalent in young adults (≤40 years) and rare in paediatric subjects (<20 years). Recent interest in understanding the demographic distribution and pattern of SCC in young adults is being performed presently with little literature on SCC in paediatric patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity, its risk factors, site, and age of occurrence.

Materials and Methods: One hundred and nine cases of squamous cell carcinoma involving the oral cavity were retrieved from the records of the Regional Cancer Centre, Benghazi and were analysed. All patients ≤40 years of age were categorised “as young” to make the results comparable with other publications.

Results and Conclusion: The age range was 11–94 years with a male-female ratio of 1.9-1. The tongue (30.2 %) was the most common site of occurrence. Tobacco was found as a risk factor in male patients above 40 years old, however, no risk factors were found in other patients. Due to the changing trends of cancer patterns and associated risk factors, emphasis is placed on the need for an exhaustive evaluation to understand the biology and the role of non-conventional risk factors. Preventive measures and awareness campaigns should be arranged by international agencies and government authorities.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Rafa El Gehani
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Benghazi, Libya.

 

Saravana HL Goteti
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Abdulnasser Street, P.O. Box 7099, Benghazi, Libya.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v7/4397

Risk Factors for Postpartum Psychiatric Disorders. A Review of the Literature | Chapter 8 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors for the development of postpartum psychiatric disorders through international literature.

Materials and Methods: Throughout many articles in PubMed, Google scholar and PsycInfo, a great amount of recent data was gathered to identify the disorders that are most common as well as their risk factors.

Results: After childbirth, most commonly women experience postpartum depression, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and postpartum psychosis. All the disorders have many similar risk-factors with the main one being preexisting psychiatric disorder and many similar symptoms too.

Conclusions: Women after childbirth are at risk of experience many psychiatric disorders, such as postpartum distress, postpartum post traumatic stress disorder and even more rarely postpartum psychosis. It is important to provide comprehensive support to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the infant and this will be ensured by proper perinatal education and early diagnosis in pregnancy, as well as follow-up of the women that lead to risk factors.

Author(s) Details:

Maria Koukou,
Department of Midwifery, University of Western Macedonia, Keptse, 50200 Ptolemaida, Greece.

Evangelia Antoniou,
Department of Midwifery, University of West Attica, Agioy Spyridonos 28, 12243 Egaleo, Greece.

Eirini Orovou,
Department of Midwifery, University of Western Macedonia, Keptse, 50200 Ptolemaida, Greece.

Panagiotis Eskitzis,
Department of Midwifery, University of Western Macedonia, Keptse, 50200 Ptolemaida, Greece.

Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou,
Department of Midwifery, University of Western Macedonia, Keptse, 50200 Ptolemaida, Greece.


Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V4/article/view/14004

Assessing the Risk Factors of Diabetes to Increase the Mortality Rate Due to Coronavirus (COVID-19) in United States | Chapter 5 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 5

This chapter highlights about risk factors of diabetes to increasing the mortality rate due to COVID 19. Diabetic patients are more likely to suffer from serious infection due to hyperglycemia, chronic inflammatory state, microcirculation damage and other factors. COVID-19 mortality combined with diabetes is still not clear. The duration, age, gender, race and blood glucose control of diabetes may have effect on the mortality of COVID-19. We conducted a thorough statistical analysis of numerous datasets, including COVID-19 infection and mortality rate, diabetes and diseases that may contribute to the severity and risk factor of diabetes in individuals and this impact on COVID-19 and the mortality rate, in an effort to understand the effect of diabetes on the increasing rate of infection with COVID-19. These diseases include respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity. Equally significant is the statistical analysis on ethnicity, age, and sex on COVID-19 infection as well as mortality rate. Their possible contributions to increasing the severity and risk factor of diabetes as a risk to mortality to individuals who have COVID-19.

Author(s) Details:

Henry Zeidan,
College of Graduate & Professional Studies, University of New England, Portland, USA.

Iman Zeidan,
McLaren Central Michigan, Medical Center and Central Michigan University, School of Medicine, MT, Pleasant, USA.

Laura Scholer-Bland,
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V5/article/view/13305

Prevalence, Demographic and Non-Demographic Risk Factors of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders among Healthcare Workers in Five Referral Hospitals in the City of Douala, Cameroon: A Cross Sectional Study | Chapter 9 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 Installation: Recent investigations desire that environmental, psychosocial, non-distinguishing job stressors such as work encumber, and shift work could have a negative influence on the musculoskeletal structures of healthcare workers leading work-accompanying musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs). This study investigated the predominance and risk factors of WRMSDs among Healthcare peasants in five reference clinics in the City of Douala-Cameroon.Methods: A cross-sectional study was attended in 2022 among 561 healthcare traders working in five reference clinics in the city of Douala, Cameroon. Participants were picked using a convenient savoring technique. Data were calm with organized questionnaires; data on the demographics and risk determinants were collected utilizing a well-designed questionnaire while guess of the prevalence of WRMSDs was accomplished using the Modified Nordic inquiry. The collected dossier was then cleaned and resolved with the help of SPSS translation 26 and as well as confidence break calculator to reckon confidence intervals and probability ratios. Chi-square test was used to judge associations inside groups and multivariate logistic regression was done to judge the risk factors guide WRMSDs.Results: The overall prevalence rate of WRMSDs among healthcare laborers in Douala hospitals was 83.4% (468/561). The predominance per professional groups was as follows: 88.8% (71) for  Medical Workshop Scientists (MLS), 81.9% (289) for nurses, 80.8% (21) for Physiotherapists (PT) and 78.8% (41) for Healing Doctors (MD). There was a significant dissimilarity (X2 = 17.651; p = 0.001) in the prevalence of WRMSDs concerning place of work where healthcare workers from HLD written the highest predominance 89.9% (133/561), while Healthcare workers form NBDH where 3 occasions less likely (AOR = 2.91; 95% CI: 1.32-6.41; p = 0.001) to have WRMSDS than the other emergency rooms. With respect to body domain, the highest prevalence of WRMSDs was written on the lower back, 58.8% (330/561) with rude at the elbows 11.2 % (63/561).The age group 30 to 39 years was considerably associated with WRMSDs at level of the jostle (p = 0.002), upper back (p = 0.019), elbows (p < 0.001), knees (p = 0.006) and ankle/extremities (p = 0.047). Working on the alike position (AOR = 2.90; 95% CI = 1.74-4.83; P = 0.001), working with quivering objects (AOR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.10-3.40; P = 0.022) and job stress (AOR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.14-3.20; P = 0.014) were non-mathematical risk factors associated with WRMSDs.Decision: The general predominance of WRMSDs among healthcare workers in Douala emergency rooms was high. The predominance of WRMSDs is highest among MLS and nurses and ultimate affected body parts are; lower back, narrow connector and upper back. Occupied on the same posture, working accompanying vibrating objects, difficult job, and repetitive tasks were the big risk factors mixed to WRMSDs among healthcare workers in Douala nursing homes. Improving the occupied conditions, increase in staff, raised financial and legislative motivation may be key remedies to lower the prevalence of WRMSDs with healthcare workers in Douala-Cameroon hospitals.

Author(s) Details:

Meh Kum Basil,
Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Cameroon.

Bopda Mtopi Orélien Sylvain,
Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Cameroon.

Mekoulou Ndongo Jerson,
Physiology and Medicine of Physical Activities and Sports Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon.

Franklin Chu Buh,
Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Cameroon.

Bika Léle Claude Elysée,
Physiology and Medicine of Physical Activities and Sports Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon.

Ayina Ayina Clarisse Noël,
Physiology and Medicine of Physical Activities and Sports Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon.

Assomo Ndemba Peguy Brice,
Physiology and Medicine of Physical Activities and Sports Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon.

Bongue Bienvenu,
INSERM, UMR 1059, SAINBIOSE, Jean Monnet University, Saint Etienne, France.

Mandengue Samuel Honoré,
Physiology and Medicine of Physical Activities and Sports Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon.

Emmanuel Sako Haddison,
Director of District Hospital Bangangte, Cameroon.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V11/article/view/12893

Prostate Cancer: Current Status of Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment | Chapter 4 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

Prostate malignancy is the 2nd most commonly occurring malignancy in males providing major in the incidence and death of males due to tumor. Despite the progresses in the diagnosis as well as situation of prostate cancer, 1.4 heap new cases and more than 375,000 deaths from this virulence were reported in 2020 all over the sphere. Incidence of prostate malignancy are 3-times more in developed nations as compared to the developing countries. Currently, the landscape of up-to-the-minute diagnosis and treatment of prostate tumor is changing with the progress in up-to-date science and science. For the diagnosis of solid tumors, computerized axial tomography scanner (CT), Scintigram and bone scans are being trained conventionally for clinical uses. Even though chemotherapy has always happened the essential modality in guaranteeing prolonged survival of the subjects but precision medicine containing the use of prostate specific sheath antigen (PSMA) and PARP inhibitors based radionucleotides will offer new moment for treating advanced and metastatic prostate tumor. Overall, there are important improvements in the area of prostate tumor research that is course in continuous evolution of novel powers and treatment modalities. In this place, approaches like PSMA-PET theranostics can help in providing a potential modality for two together diagnosis and therapy also.

Author(s) Details:

Anil,
Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India.

Preeti Chauhan,
Department of Biotechnology, CCT, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Mohali, Chandigarh-140307, India.

Shalu Ranga,
Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India.

Ritu Yadav,
Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana-124001, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V10/article/view/12818

Prevalence and Risk Factors in Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality in the Hospital Environment of Kinshasa, DRC | Chapter 16 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 This episode aimed to decide the prevalence and risk determinants of perinatal morbidity and mortality in wards in the City Province of Kinshasa. The outcome of neonates sustaining hospitalization at early postnatal growth is associated with fetal and postnatal morbidities.We conducted a descriptive-correlational cross-divided study in the city province of Kinshasa, in two well-being zones drawn by portion in order to guarantee the haphazard aspect of the participants. Data were filed in Excel 2013 and then exported to SPSS 21 program for statistical reasoning. The determination of risk determinants for perinatal morbidity and mortality is fashioned possible on account of logistic regression at the meaning level of 0.05.The prevalence of prematurity in the emergency room setting was 13.8%; that of low beginning weight was 5.6% and the perinatal humanness rate was 50.4 per thousand live births. The perinatal mortality rate was 50.4‰ accompanying 35.1‰ of stillbirths and 15.9‰ of early neonatal mortality. The results of a logistic reversion analysis indicated that birth outside of a healing facility, polygyny, primigravida, strenuous work before birth, the presence of at least two ailments during pregnancy, and lack of tetanus immunization were risk factors for perinatal melancholy and mortality.Improving the mom's sociodemographic, economic, and cultural dowry as well as providing her accompanying high-quality fetal and postnatal care will be essential to guaranteeing the security of perinatal life. It would likewise be desirable to complete activity similar best studies for a broad reflection concerning this scourge throughout the City and the country as far as likely.

Author(s) Details:

Pascal Mamenepi Atuba,
Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Louise Lohatame Pala,
Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Lodja, Lodja, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Angel Ngongo Andjelani,
Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V5/article/view/12593

Risk Assesment Study to Develop or Reduce the Severity of Cardiovascular Diseases by Mindful Meditation, Physical Activity, and Meditation: An Overview in Saudi Arabia | Chapter 7 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

 The purpose concerning this systematic review search out investigate the effect of mindful contemplation, physical activity, and diet on Cardiovascular dDsease (CVD) in Saudi Arabia (SA). The behavior in SA increases the prevalence of corpulence, cholesterol level, and high blood pressure, and is followed by rising CVD occurrence. CVD is one of ultimate common chronic ailments in SA, causing disadvantage and death. CVD risk changes according to age, gender, instruction, socioeconomic circumstances, and place of residence or business where one can be contacted. Physical inactivity, lazy lifestyle, saturated fatty acid burdensome diet, smoking, and stress are again CVD risk factors. This means of electronic search was conducted orderly utilizing Google Scholar, PubMed, and Medline. The narrative study contained forty disclosures that were gathered between 2015 and 2022. Physical exercise, diet, and aware meditation are with the factors that can reduce the chance of developing CVD or the severity of ailment in CVD patients. This orderly review stressed the significance of physical exercise, diet, and mindful contemplation in lowering the risk of expanding CVDs in Saudis and reducing the asperity of CVD patients in SA. The findings show the function of physical activity, attentive meditation, and diet in lowering the onset or severity of heart failure.

Author(s) Details:

Arwa Al-Saber,
Health Science College of the Saudi Electronic University (SEU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia and Colorado State University (CSU), Fort Collins, USA and King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam (KFSHD), Saudi Arabia.

Al-Nabaheen May,
Health Science College of the Saudi Electronic University (SEU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V9/article/view/12255

Assessment of Mortality Risk Factors in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome | Chapter 15 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

 The aim concerning this study was to identify risk determinants predicting humanness in patients with harsh COVID-19 complicated with ARDS. We particularly tested the friendship of these clinical outcomes accompanying the changes in PaO2/FiO2 ratio (P/F), arterial blood pH the fortification to ground glass opacities percentage (C/ GGO) the Murray lung injury score (MLIS). COVID-19 affliction caused by severe severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that originated in China, has made a global outbreak that has touched more than 70 million society worldwide. . The dispassionate characteristics of COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors ARDS groups were compared clinically, workshop, and radiographically.Results indicated that the median age of non-survivors ARDS sufferers was 68.4 years traditional, which was significantly earlier than those with survivors ARDS by 9,9 years. Male and subjects with BMI>30 were more inclined die from ARDS. The prevalence of fortification (Consolidation\ground glass opacities ratio>1) in alveolus, secondary bacterial contamination, mechanical ventilation and pack beneficial dexamethasone before intubation were common among non-survivors ARDS.The principles of assessing scores (MLIS, Cons/GGO percentage, P/F ratio and SOFA) were changed otherwise. Among non-survivor group these scores were getting decaying by time, and in contrary to these with survivor all these scores were recover and to the end of the 16-th were near usual ranges. Partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) event of admission again was significantly lower compared to survivors ARDS inmates (p<0.05) and arterial blood gas reasoning values were considerably differ: partial pressure of colorless odorless gas (PaCO2) was markedly higher (p=0.023), PaO2 was lower (p=0.026) and acridness of the blood pH was likewise lower (p=0.02).We discovered risk factors for oblivion in ARDS patients with harsh COVID-19. The clinical effects of patients with harsh COVID-19 complicated by ARDS may be jolted by the healthcare providers' use of these verdicts.

Author(s) Details:

Alizamin Sadigov,
Terapeutic Education Clinic, Medical University, Baku City, Azerbaijan.

Malahat Sultanova,
Surgery Education Clinic, Medical University, Baku City, Azerbaijan.

Emil Gasimov,
New Hospital, Baku City, Azerbaijan.

Gunel Sadigova,
Terapeutic Education Clinic, Medical University, Baku City, Azerbaijan.

Sharaf Huseynova,
Healthcare Center of Baku, Baku City, Azerbaijan.

Cavid Pashayev,
Baku Medical Center, Baku City, Azerbaijan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V6/article/view/10996

Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with Low-Birth-Weight Neonates | Chapter 12 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 Low beginning weight (LBW) is a important public health issue worldwide and has happened associated with various short- and long-term results. This study aimed to identify the risk determinants associated with LBW neonates in a country tertiary care ward. The study was conducted as a prospective practical case-control study in the Department of Pediatrics (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The study included a sample of 240 daughters who were permitted for delivery, and data was composed using questionnaires (Proforma). The results of the study accompanied that the area of condo, parental education, anaemia between pregnant wives, mid upper arm perimeter (MUAC) less than 23 cm, motherly age, and antenatal visits <4 were significant risk determinants associated with LBW. The study found that 91.3% of cases were from country areas, distinguished to 71% of controls from the same extent. Similarly, anaemia was prevalent in both case and control groups, but it was visualized as a significant prophet more in the case group. The study also written other factors in the way that parity, organize between babies, and devouring of drugs and alcohol by pregnant wives, which were establish to be securing of LBW. In conclusion, this study suggests that delaying the age of first gestation, lacking iron/folic acid supplementation, not attractive nutritional meal during pregnancy, anaemia, and other determinants were independently guide LBW. These findings focal point the importance of antenatal care, proper food, and education for significant women for fear that LBW and its associated results. Public health interventions mean these risk factors can considerably reduce the incidence of LBW and allure associated melancholy and mortality.

Author(s) Details:

Rajesh Hadia,
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara-391760, Gujarat, India.

Rahul Trivedi,
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara-391760, Gujarat, India.

Cyril Sajan,
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara-391760, Gujarat, India.

Varunsingh Saggu,
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara-391760, Gujarat, India.

Sunil Baile,
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara-391760, Gujarat, India.

Sunil Kardani,
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara-391760, Gujarat, India.

Hemraj Singh Rajput,
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara-391760, Gujarat, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V4/article/view/10715

Assessment of Microbial Etiology of Febrile Neutropenia | Chapter 20 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

 Bacterial and fungal contaminations are a leading cause of melancholy and mortality in neutropenic patients. The practical antimicrobial regimen is preferred based on the susceptibleness pattern of locally prevalent pathogens. Blood and added clinical samples from 64 febrile neutropenic sufferers with clinical infection of blood have been treated to ascertain the bacterial and fungal range and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. A case-control study was used to identify risk determinants for developing infection of blood.A total of 68 organisms were cured. Fifteen (22.05%) were Gram-positive cocci with reign of methicillin Sensitive S. aureus (10.29%), 47 (69.11%) were Gramnegative rods with reign of Klebsiella pneumoniae (30.88%) and four were Non albicans Candida. 81% and 60% of Klebsiella and E. coli were ESBL producers. All variety of Candida were sensitive to amphoterecin B and voriconazole. The event and severity of neutropenia, chemotherapy, immunosuppressive analysis, altered mucosal hurdles, and the existence of main venous lines were all statistically significant risk factors for cultivating sepsis. Gram-negative microorganisms were the most accepted isolates. Amongst the fungal isolates, non-albicans candida spp. were predominant. The selection of remedy for neutropenic patients concede possibility be based on the local range of microbes as well as local and local resistance patterns.

Author(s) Details:

Swati Mudshingkar,
Department of Microbiology, PCMC’s PG Institute and YCM Hospital, Pimpri Pune, India.

Gita Natraj,
Department of Microbiology, Seth GSMC & KEMH, Mumbai, India.

Sujata Bavej,
Department of Microbiology, LTMC & sion Hospital, Mumbai, India.

Preeti Mehta,
Department of Microbiology, Seth GSMC & KEMH, Mumbai, India.

Farah Jijina,
Department of Hematology, Seth GSMC & KEMH, Mumbai, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V7/article/view/10126

Epidemiological Studies of Polyparasitism and Associated Risk Factors in Women in Igede Land | Chapter 3 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

 The present study review the epidemiological perspectives of polyparasitism in Women of Reproductive age in Igede land of Benue State, Nigeria. Polyparasitism is still one of ultimate pressing community health issues, with one-after second of the world's population thinking to be polluted. Furthermore, women are of particular concern because of their neuter roles, which is impressionable because infirmity and/or the illness of family appendages generally show greater burdens for poor mothers than poor men.A cross-divided study design was adopted for this study. Fresh seat, urine and blood samples were composed from women in Igede Land of Benue State and processed for within parasites, excretion parasites and malaria deadbeat respectively from September 2019 to August, 2021 using orderly random sampling method. The overall rate of polyparasitism is this study was 3.50% while a prevalence of 33.50% was recorded for distinct parasitic infection. The main parasite was Plasmodium spp. (52.16%) while the slightest was Strongyloides stercoralis (1.44%). Parasite combination involving Schistosoma haematobium and Malaria bootlicker recorded chief prevalence (36.11%) while least predominance was recorded for coinfection with Hookworm, Entamoeba histolytica and Asccaris lumbricoides (8.33%). Also, joined factors of expelling and water source were significant (P<0.05) while gist consumption and sanitation were not meaningful P>0.05). Women who resort to rainwater recorded topmost prevalence rates (10.60%) while the least predominance was recorded with women who use well additional sources of water (1.70%). For meat devouring, women the one consume pock ultimate recorded the least predominance of infection (2.10%) while those the one consume goat core recorded the capital prevalence of infection (4.60%). Also, daughters who use other resources of sanitary disposition recorded least predominance of infection with polyparasites while those the one utilize litter pits recorded the highest predominance of infection (4.80%).Polyparasitism among daughters in Igedeland of Benue State is relatively reduced with malaria barnacle being the most dominant groupie. It is suggested that the girls of Igede land be educated on the health risks guide polyparasitism. In addition, the government bear provide free insecticide-medicated nets and other antihelminth drugs to infected daughters in order to help humble the burden of polyparasitism in the study area.

Author(s) Details:

P. O. Uweh,
Department of Biology, Akawe Torkula Polytechnic, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.

E. A. Omudu,
Department of Biological Sciences, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V1/article/view/9620

Dietary Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer in an Indigenous East African Population| Chapter 4 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 2

 Introduction: Low-proceeds countries in East Africa have a lower occurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) than well-paid countries; however, the occurrence has steadily raised in the last few decades. In East Africa, the extent at which point genetic and incidental factors, particularly digestive factors, help the aetiology of CRC is unclear. Therefore, the objective of our study search out determine the connection between abstinence from food factors and CRC in an indigenous populace in East Africa.Methods: We conducted a case-control study and inducted 128 cases and 256 controls, block matched for age (±5 age) and sex. Data concerning diet were obtained from all the participants utilizing an interview-based inquiry. The potential dietary risk determinants and protective determinants evaluated contained the type, frequency of meat exhausted and the type and frequency of fibre snacks consumed. The commonness was either 4x and above/week or 2-3x/period or 1x/week or never. Ordinal and dependent logistic regression analyses were used to decide the odds percentages associated with the various risk and protective determinants.Results: The mean age (SD) was 53.5(16.2) years and the male:female ratio was 1:1 for all the shareholders. The most significant risk determinants included devouring of boiled beef 2-3x/temporal length of event or entity's existence (aOR:1.63; p<0.001) and consumption of deep-fried chicken 2-3x/week (aOR: 2.60; p=0.027). Consumption of extreme fibre foods, containing:- cassava for ≥4x/week (aOR: 0.40; p=0.016), millet for 1x/period (aOR: 0.49; p=0.034) and for ≥4x/week (aOR:0.32; p=0.001), undetailed lie for ≥4x/week (aOR:0.30; p=0.003), and potatoes 2-3x/period (aOR: 0.44; p=0.041), were protective against CRC.Conclusions: The use of cooked core increases the risk of CRC, while the intake of extreme-fibre foods grant permission reduce the risk of CRC among Ugandans. We approve nutritional instructional programmes to increase public awareness concerning the protective part of a high fibre diet and to limit the intake of barbecued meat in our native East African population.

Author(s) Details:

Richard Wismayer,
Department of Surgery, Masaka Regional Referral Hospital, Masaka, Uganda and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, IUIU University, Kampala, Uganda and Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

Julius Kiwanuka,
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

Henry Wabinga,
Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

Michael Odida,
Department of Pathology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V2/article/view/9013

Endometrial Cancer: Histopathology and Diagnostic Procedures| Chapter 1 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10

 Endometrial malignancy (EC) is one of the most prevalent types of female cancers. The incidence and death from EC has been observed to increase in current decades. Abnormal bleeding, foul vaginal discharge, trouble or pain during urination, pain all along copulation, surprising weight loss, pain in lower tummy and legs, proneness in body etc. are the main signs and symptoms of EC. Age, nulliparity, Polycystic ovary condition, obesity, tamoxifen use, early menarche, late midlife depression, diabetes, high blood pressure, kill syndrome, cowden condition etc. are the major risk factors when in fact physical activity, dignified multiparity, combined contraceptive pills and hot acts as the protective determinants in EC. The diagnosis of this affliction mainly happens at later stages due to the late appearance of manifestations hence the state-of-the-art methods of early diagnosis are necessary to be grown. Here are described the histopathological types and subtypes of EC along with the ordinarily used demonstrative procedures that will help to understand the existent strategies and further aid in evolving efficient and accurate early discovery methods.

Author(s) Details:

Ritu Yadav,
Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak (Haryana)-124001, India.

Shalu Ranga,
Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak (Haryana)-124001, India.

Vaishali Yadav,
Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi-110070, India.

Chetna Yadav,
Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak (Haryana)-124001, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V10/article/view/8795

Determination of Risk Factors for Hypertension among Women in Rural Area of Andhra Pradesh, India| Chapter 4 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

 The present study aims to question the prevalence of risk factors for hypertension with women in land distant from settled area of South India. Due to an increase in longevity and the prevalence of risk determinants like obesity, inaction, and poor food, hypertension should a widespread fitness issue across the world.A community located cross-sectional study was attended among 837 women picked from rural area of Andhra Pradesh from January to June 2008.Out of 837 women,22.58 % were hypertensive.The age distinguishing prevalence of hypertension was maximum(50.44%) in the group of same status > 60 yrs.Risk factors such as offspring h/o HTN,h/o DM,tobacco use, midriff circumference  and BMI were significantly guide hypertension.Problem of hypertension is increasing between rural women so well-being education strategies bear be directed towards country women also. In city area IEC ventures for prevention and control of hypertension has been begun but has not reached the land distant from settled area, so health education plannings should be mean towards rural women.

Author(s) Details:

Keerti S. Jogdand,
Department of Community Medicine, Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chhindwara (M.P.), India.

Pravin N. Yerpude,
Department of Community Medicine, Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chhindwara (M.P.), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V6/article/view/8600

Determination of Obesity and Overweight among Urban Adolescents in India| Chapter 14 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 11

 The current study's objectives were to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among urban teenagers and to investigate the various risk factors for these conditions. Obesity is characterised as the abnormal growth of adipose tissue caused by an increase in the number, size, or both of fat cells. Adolescents are a particularly vulnerable age group in terms of nutrition due to their growing nutritional needs, dietary habits, lifestyle, and susceptibility to outside stressors.

In Pune, Maharashtra, India, 872 adolescents of both sexes participated in a community-based cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and various factors influencing overweight and obesity, particularly the type of diet, frequency of junk food consumption, physical activity, and sleeping patterns. According to WHO growth guidelines, the Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) were employed to classify overweight and obesity. Urban teenagers had a prevalence of obesity and overweight according to BMI of 17.4% and 6.9%, respectively. The total prevalence was 24.3%, whereas the prevalence according to Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) was 43.1%. Fast food and junk food consumption, carbonated beverages, and physical inactivity were risk factors in metropolitan areas, while afternoon naps were not a major risk factor. This study shows a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity among urban adolescents, especially in those who consume more fast food and fizzy drinks and exercise less than 30 minutes per day. Large-scale, nationwide initiatives directed at more specialised groups are necessary to stop the epidemic of kid obesity that is spreading throughout developing nations.

Author(s) Details:

Ansh Chaudhary,
Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Research Centre, Pune,Maharashtra, India.

Aarati Pokale,
Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Research Centre, Pune,Maharashtra, India.

A. P. S. Narula,
Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Research Centre, Pune,Maharashtra, India.

Bhupendra Chaudhary,
Department of Clinical Medicine, Jaswant Rai Speciality Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Ankita Misra,
Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Research Centre, Pune,Maharashtra, India.

Ayush Jain,
Department of Community Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Research Centre, Pune,Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V11/article/view/8038