Assessment of Biochemical Parameters of Mothers and Neonates in Cigarette Smoke Exposure: A Cross Sectional Study from Vidarbha Region, India | Chapter 2 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 8

Introduction: Vitamin D is a nutrient that is needed for bone growth and processing. Vitamin D and calcium are extremely important during certain stages of life, such as the baby’s development, childhood, childhood and adolescence, breastfeeding, lactation, and old age. Vitamin D and calcium deficiency have severe implications at this time. Maternal nutrition status is the most significant determinant of the nutritional status of a newborn and other maternal well-being and fertility outcomes.

Aim: This Study aims to analyse the biochemical parameters of mothers and neonates in cigarette smoke exposure in the Vidharbha region.

Material and Methods: Pregnant non-smoker women who were referred to a Tertiary Health Care Hospital in Vidarbha region were selected for the study.. Distribution was done on the basis of their history of exposure to tobacco smoke; 54 subjects were exposed to tobacco smoke and 54 subjects were not exposed to tobacco smoke.

Result: Maternal Vitamin D was highly significantly low in pregnant females exposed to tobacco smoke (13.71± 4.33 ng/ml) as compared to non –exposed pregnant females (21.02 ± 4.96 ng/ ml) ((p-value <0.0001) Based on self-reported exposure, maternal serum calcium levels was highly significantly low in exposed females (8.43 ± 0.64mg/dl) than in non-exposed females (10.04 ± 0.72mg/dl) (p <0.0001). There was no significant difference in serum Parathormone level and serum phosphorus levels between the 2 groups (P- value for Parathormone- 0.2163 and for Phosphorus-0.1904. Alkaline phosphatase levels in the exposed group were found to be significantly high than the non-exposed group (p = 0.0129).

In neonates of mothers exposed to tobacco smoke, cord blood serum Vitamin D and Calcium levels were significantly low as compared to neonates of non- exposed mothers.

Conclusion: The findings showed that, second-hand smoke consumption had a detrimental effect on pregnant women. In mothers and neonates exposed to the tobacco smoke, serum Vitamin D levels and Calcium level s were significantly lowas compared to the non exposed mothers and neonates. These studies recommend steps should be taken to minimize exposure to nicotine during pregnancy and to improve the use of vitamin D and calcium supplements during pregnancy, taking into account the risk to women during this crucial time of life and the effects on the well-being of the infant.

Author(s) Details:

Prajakta Warjukar,
Department of Biochemistry, Datta Meghe Medical College, Nagpur, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Sawangi, Wardha, India.

Ankush Mohabey,
Department of Orthopedics, AIIMS, Nagpur, India.

Gangaram Bhadarge,
Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Sawangi, Wardha, India.

Pratibha Dawande,
Department of Pathology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Nagpur, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Sawangi, Wardha, India.

Roshan Kumar Jha,
Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Sawangi, Wardha, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V8/article/view/13515 

Influence of Birth Season Climate on Adult Total Serum IgE Levels | Chapter 7 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

 Background: The effect of beginning season climate on adult IgE-arbitrated respiratory affliction is an important community health issue.Objective: To determine the effect of beginning season climate on adult total antitoxin IgE (TSIgE) levels.Study Design: The study is a backward-looking chart review with the following addition criteria: TSIgE calculation, age ≥16, and northeastern Tennessee birthplace. Main effect measures include TSIgE levels, beginning season climatic environments, and regional irritant-producing plant and irritant counts.Results: The records of 1,274 women (mean age 40.8 ± 17.5, age range 16-96) and 762 guys (mean age 38.1 ± 17, age range 16-82) seen in our Allergy Clinic were inspected. Persons born in the spring and vacation, the seasons with the best irritant counts and the most encouraging climatic environments for plant growth, had almost twice the probability of having TSIgE levels >1σ above the mean of the students that study together when compared to those innate in the fall or winter (probability ratio (OR) 1.75, 95% assurance interval (CI) 0.96-3.17 and OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.04-3.57, individually); odds were topmost for those born in March (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.37-4.74) and July (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.25-4.51) and shortest for those innate in November (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.0068-1.79). When averaged over the 95-years of study and five 30-period climate eras TSIgE levels increased linearly as the seasons advanced from fall to summertime (r2= 0.9475, P=0.0266). Of the climatic determinants, TSIgE levels correlated most powerfully with levels of drizzle (r2= 0.9145, P=0.0437).

Author(s) Details:

John Kelly Smith,
Department of Academic Affairs and Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V7/article/view/12159

Clinical Profile and Outcome in Neonates and Pediatric Children with COVID-19 Infection at a Tertiary Care Center in South India | Chapter 2 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

 The present study shows that by what method the third wave of Covid 19 youngsters were mostly asymptomatic or mild syndromes in both neonates and youngsters with no significant increase in melancholy and mortality when distinguished to the previous waves of Covid. Covid 19 disease has happened less severe in juveniles causing fewer contaminations, severity, and extermination. The majority of affected youngsters are asymptomatic (>70%) and in those symptomatic, the disease has been mild accompanying <1.5% of children needing hospitalizations. In order to understand the clinical, depression profile, and consequences in neonates born to Covid positive founders and children the one are Covid positive, this study was conducted at a after second paediatric Covid care centre during the after second wave. .Neonates born to Covid positive founders and children middle from two points the age group 1 month to 12 age admitted in Government General Hospital, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh from 1st January 2022 to 31st March 2022 were contained in the study. Their demographic, clinical, depression profile, situation details were famous and outcomes observed.All neonates were erect to be RTPCR negative. The cause of respiring distress in these newborns was prematurity, birth asphyxia, and meconium hope. Fever and gastrointestinal symptoms as visualized in infected neonates in other studies were absent in this study. Similar verdicts were noted by NNF India Covid 19 registry. Prematurity, beginning asphyxia and respiring distress were the most presenting illnesses. Four newborns died on account of perinatal complications. Pediatric admissions were more in children inferior 10 years accompanying 15% of children being asymptomatic.Symptomatic children had delirium, cough, and running nose as the most giving complaints. Two children the one had co-morbidities at the time of admittance died. As routine vaccines like the measles vaccine have proved cross-protection against Covid 19 in few studies, routine vaccination of children bear be strongly heartened. It is necessary to monitor all Covid-infected kids, either they are exhibiting manifestations or not, in order to expect long-term issues like MIS-C.

Author(s) Details:

N. Madhavi,
Department of Pediatrics, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India

M. Madan Mohan,
Department of Pediatrics, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

K. Jhansi Padma,
Department of Pediatrics, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

V. Venkata Vijayalakshmi,
Department of Pediatrics, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHDHR-V8/article/view/10843

Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with Low-Birth-Weight Neonates | Chapter 12 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 Low beginning weight (LBW) is a important public health issue worldwide and has happened associated with various short- and long-term results. This study aimed to identify the risk determinants associated with LBW neonates in a country tertiary care ward. The study was conducted as a prospective practical case-control study in the Department of Pediatrics (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The study included a sample of 240 daughters who were permitted for delivery, and data was composed using questionnaires (Proforma). The results of the study accompanied that the area of condo, parental education, anaemia between pregnant wives, mid upper arm perimeter (MUAC) less than 23 cm, motherly age, and antenatal visits <4 were significant risk determinants associated with LBW. The study found that 91.3% of cases were from country areas, distinguished to 71% of controls from the same extent. Similarly, anaemia was prevalent in both case and control groups, but it was visualized as a significant prophet more in the case group. The study also written other factors in the way that parity, organize between babies, and devouring of drugs and alcohol by pregnant wives, which were establish to be securing of LBW. In conclusion, this study suggests that delaying the age of first gestation, lacking iron/folic acid supplementation, not attractive nutritional meal during pregnancy, anaemia, and other determinants were independently guide LBW. These findings focal point the importance of antenatal care, proper food, and education for significant women for fear that LBW and its associated results. Public health interventions mean these risk factors can considerably reduce the incidence of LBW and allure associated melancholy and mortality.

Author(s) Details:

Rajesh Hadia,
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara-391760, Gujarat, India.

Rahul Trivedi,
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara-391760, Gujarat, India.

Cyril Sajan,
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara-391760, Gujarat, India.

Varunsingh Saggu,
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara-391760, Gujarat, India.

Sunil Baile,
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara-391760, Gujarat, India.

Sunil Kardani,
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara-391760, Gujarat, India.

Hemraj Singh Rajput,
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara-391760, Gujarat, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V4/article/view/10715

Fetomaternal Outcome in Covid 19 Positive Pregnant Women in a Single Center in Abu Dhabi, UAE over a Period of One Year | Chapter 3 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 COVID 19 universal is the most current health issue finish for dress goods the world. Its effect on gestation and the unborn fetus is still under plenty evaluation. This restrospective study is accomplished to evaluate the effect on the parent and the fetus of meaningful women the one were positive for COVID 19 in Mediclinic Al Noor Hospital over a ending of 1 year.1.7% of total meaningful women (1145) accompanying or admitted to our hospital over a event of 1 year were habitual positive for COVID 19. Most of the babies succeed in their postnatal period and the NICU admissions were for prematurity and neonatal jaundice. In our students that study together, the rate of comorbid factors in significant women accompanying Covid 19 were low and the fetomaternal consequence were favourable in most of bureaucracy. Given the physiologic and immune function changes that occur before birth, they may bother a higher risk of cultivating more complications, but a more protracted study with a best sample size is necessary. Statistical analysis was not attainable in our study due to the limited sample size, and we intend to extend the study in the future to achieve a larger pool of dossier to more accurately justify the findings.

Author(s) Details:

Riem Farah,
Mediclinic Al Noor Hospital, Abu Dhabi, The United Arab Emirates.

Rimpi Datta,
Mediclinic Al Noor Hospital, Abu Dhabi, The United Arab Emirates.

Raoya Farah,
Mediclinic Al Noor Hospital, Abu Dhabi, The United Arab Emirates.

Fahmida Nasir Patel,
Mediclinic Al Noor Hospital, Abu Dhabi, The United Arab Emirates.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V4/article/view/9832

Study about Temperature Measurements in Neonates: Assessing the Agreement of Two Methods | Chapter 12 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 5

 The purpose of this study was to compare the forehead non-contact infrared thermometer (NTIT) with the axillary mercury-in-glass (MIGT) method of measuring temperature in neonates.

Between August 2016 and May 2017, 400 newborns aged 1 to 28 days were recruited from the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital's immunisation clinic. Temperatures were measured and recorded using both NTIT and MIGT in the customary manner.

The mean age and standard deviation were 5.10 4.28 days. Pearson correlation revealed a significant positive relationship between the Axillary Mercury-in-Glass and Forehead Non-Touch Infrared thermometry readings (r = 0.426, p 0.001). The Bland-Altman approach demonstrated good agreement between the two thermometry methods, with 95.5 percent of the values falling within the bounds of agreement.

Conclusion: The axillary mercury-in-glass thermometer and the forehead non-touch infrared thermometer agree well and can be used interchangeably in neonates.

Author(S) Details

Yetunde Olasinde
Department of Paediatrics, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

Moninuola Ernest
Department of Dental Surgery, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.

Gbenga Popoola
Resaerch Clinician, WHO Randomized Clinical Trial of Poliomyelitis Vaccines, Ilorin, Nigeria.

Omotayo Adesiyun
Department of Paediatrics, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.

Kolade Ernest
Department of Paediatrics, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V5/article/view/6150

Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Gram Negative Isolates in Neonates | Chapter 3 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 2

 The emergence of clinical isolates capable of manufacturing extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) has posed treatment problems. As a result, ESBLs are becoming a growing clinical problem around the world because they transmit resistance to broad range -lactam antibiotics. Because neonates are more susceptible to infections, infections are a serious issue in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). When newborns are treated with cephalosporins, it causes therapeutic failure and neonatal mortality; thus, its detection and awareness of the current prevalence scenario are critical for infection control. The current investigation looked into the prevalence of ESBL producers among the infected neonates who were included in the study.

Materials and Procedures: During a 25-month investigation, 1611 suspected instances of newborn infections were included (December 2010 to January 2013). 211 of the 342 positive cases were determined to be gramme negative by rigorous microbiological standards and tested for the generation of ESBLs. The double disc diffusion test was used to suspect ESBL production, and the double disc synergy test (DDST) and the phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test were utilised to confirm it (PCDDT).

The results showed that 39.34% of the 212 isolates tested positive for ESBLs. DDST affirmed 29.39 percent, while PCDDT confirmed 27.97 percent. The most common ESBL producers discovered were Escherichia coli and K. pneumoniae. Finally, because of the high incidence of ESBL producers in N.I.C.Us, it is critical to detect ESBL production on a regular basis with sensitivity reports that can help neonatologists meet the therapeutic challenge.

Author(S) Details

Manisha N. Shah
Department of Microbiology, Shree Ramakrishna Institute of Computer Education and Applied Sciences, Sarvajanik University, Surat, Gujarat, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V2/article/view/4715

Insulin-Like Growth Factors in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Neurological Disorders in Children | Chapter 3 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 3

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are important for neuronal development, differentiation, survival, and synapse formation. IGF-1 has the greatest impact on the developing brain. We shall attempt to answer the following questions in this paper: Why is it vital to conduct research on children? What clinical research have been conducted in the areas of neonatal asphyxia, infantile spasms, progressive encephalopathy–hypsarrhythmia–optical atrophy (PEHO) syndrome, infantile ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)? Is there a therapeutic potential for IGF? Are there any therapeutic options?

The pathophysiology of several neurological problems in children that lead to intellectual disability, both acute and chronic, was investigated using IGFs in serum and CSF, as well as clinical data from the Finnish study and the literature.

Finally, there are high prospects for the therapeutic use of IGF-1 in the treatment of several neurological illnesses, including ASD.

Author (S) Details

Raili Riikonen

Children’s Hospital, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital,P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V3/article/view/3724

Clinical and Microbiological Aspects of Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Disease – A Review | Chapter 5 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 13

 Background: Group B streptococci (GBS) continue to be a common cause of early-onset sepsis in babies. Universal maternal screening for recto-vaginal GBS carriage at 35-37 weeks of pregnancy, along with intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for colonised mothers, is now the most effective technique for minimising early-onset neonatal GBS illness. It hasn't exhibited any signs of diminution. for newborns who have been in the hospital for a long time and have had a lot of contact with the professionals. It's uncertain whether increased antibiotic use during the peripartum period has an impact on the incidence and antibiotic resistance profiles of GBS and other perinatally acquired bacterial illnesses. GBS vaccines may out to be the most effective and long-term prevention approach available.

Author (S) Details

Allison Riddle
University of South Florida, College of Arts and Sciences, USA.

M. D. Silvana B. Carr
Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases; University of South Florida, College of Medicine, USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V13/article/view/1544

The Validation of Immunoblot Sds-Page as a Qualitative and Quantitative Method for the Determination of Urinary Cystatin C Inneonates | Chapter 4 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

 The first paragraph is an introduction. The quantitative determination of urinary Cystatin C (cyst-C) in conjunction with the qualitative study of its polymorphisms is an excellent tool for detecting newborns who are predisposed to renal function deficiency early on. The immunometric methods PETIA, PENIA, and EIA are used to quantify cyst-C in human biologic fluid, but they have limitations and do not allow for qualitative study. The aim of this study is to prove that Immunoblot SDS-PAGE can be used to analyse urinary cyst-C in both qualitative and quantitative ways. Urine was obtained from newborns in the S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital nursey. The immunoblot SDS-PAGE and optical density reading were used to investigate urinary cyst-C.

The qualitative analysis revealed two molecular forms: a reactivity around 70 KDa in all samples and a reactivity around 13 KDa in a small number of samples. This research helps researchers to link cyst-C polymorphisms to specific changes in renal function in newborns. The quantitative analysis is targeted, sensitive, and precise.

In reality, the assay precision and accuracy coefficients of variance were both 10%, the detection limit was 0.009 ng/L, and the calibration line had adequate linearity (range 0.02-0.3 ng/L). Also without the use of protease inhibitors, the stability of urinary cyst-C was sufficient as long as the assay was performed on newly recruited urine or immediately after thawing samples that had been frozen for up to six months.

Conclusion: Immunoblot SDS-PAGE study of urinary cyst-C is a reliable tool for obtaining a qualitative and quantitative analysis. This method reveals previously unknown knowledge about a 70 KDa cyst-C shape. The assay could provide diagnostic information that isn't accessible through immunometric methods.

Author (s) Details

C. Grasselli
Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

A. Barbati
Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

L. Cesarini
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

R. Pellegrino
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

G. C. Di Renzo
Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy and GEBISA, Research Foundation, Perugia, Italy.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V8/article/view/821

An Overview of Advances in the Treatment of Mycoses in Pediatric Patients | Chapter 5 | Recent Progress in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

 Excessive morbidity and mortality in paediatrics are significant causes of invasive fungal infections (IFIs). There are different variables that can increase the risk in paediatrics of developing an IFI. The key indications for the administration of antifungal drugs in paediatrics are checked, as well as an update of the antifungal agent evidence and the antifungal policies carried out. Specifically, in three main areas, antifungal treatment is revised as follows: (a) premature neonate prophylaxis against invasive candidiasis; (b) candidemia and meningoencephalitis control in neonates; and (c) in children with primary or secondary immunodeficiencies, prophylaxis, empirical treatment and targeted antifungal therapy. The most popular antifungal prophylactic agent prescribed to high-risk neonates and children remains Fluconazole. However, during preventive or empirical therapy, the emergence of fluconazole resistance, especially in non-albicans of the Candida genus, should be considered. While fluconazole is used as an antifungal prophylaxis in neonatal intensive care units (NICU's) with a relatively high incidence of invasive candidiasis (IC), its position is under continuous debate in very low birth-weight neonates. The key therapy for treating neonatal and paediatric yeast and mould infections remains amphotericin B, mainly in its liposomal formulation. Except for mucormycosis in children > 2 years of age, Voriconazole is indicated for mould infections. New triazoles, such as posaconazole and isavuconazole, and echinocandins are either approved or under review for first-line or rescue therapy, while in refractory situations, combination therapy is maintained.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Elias Iosifidis

Infectious Diseases Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Savvas Papachristou

Infectious Diseases Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Emmanuel Roilides
Infectious Diseases Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University School of Health Sciences, Konstantinoupoleos 49, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/359