Advances in Neonatal Care: Latest Trends and Innovations in Neonatology | Chapter 6 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 7

Neonatology has witnessed transformative advancements over the past decade, significantly enhancing the survival and quality of life for preterm and critically ill newborns. This transformation is driven by the integration of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), genomics, non-invasive monitoring, and regenerative medicine. This chapter explores these emerging innovations and their expanding role in clinical practice. AI and machine learning (ML) are becoming vital components in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), supporting accurate predictions, real-time monitoring, and timely clinical decision-making. Breakthroughs in genomics have ushered in the era of precision medicine, enabling individualised treatment strategies tailored to each infant’s genetic profile. Meanwhile, non-invasive monitoring tools are enhancing the quality and safety of neonatal care by providing continuous physiological data without the risks associated with invasive procedures. As these technologies continue to evolve, they hold the promise of further improving neonatal outcomes and advancing care strategies that are finely tuned to the unique needs of newborns.

 

Author(s) Details

P. Ramu
Government Medical College, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v7/4624

A Literature Review on Neuroprotective Activities of Curcumin in Parkinson’s Disease | Chapter 11 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 6

Dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) are impacted by Parkinson's disease (PD), a multisystem condition that causes a decrease in dopamine (DA) at their striatal terminals. Levodopa or DA receptor agonists are used to treat Parkinson's disease because they replace the role of diminished DA in the striatum. Extended use of these medications for treatment has variable therapeutic outcomes and may cause undesirable dyskinesia. Therefore, a crucial unmet need in the treatment of Parkinson's disease is to develop novel methods to slow down, stop, or reverse the process of neurodegeneration. Researchers are looking into natural substances with neuroprotective characteristics as potential treatments. A polyphenolic compound called curcumin is obtained from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa (turmeric). As a potential therapeutic and nutraceutical agent for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, it has been demonstrated to possess potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, free radical scavenging, mitochondrial protecting, iron-chelating, and MAO inhibitory effects.

 

Author (s) Details

Eslam El Nebrisi

Department of Pharmacology, Dubai Medical College, Dubai 20170, United Arab Emirates.

 

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V6/article/view/7685

Neuroprotective Potential of Fragaria nubicola Juice on Ischemia Reperfusion Induced Brain Injury in Rats | Chapter 15 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 8

 Brain stroke is one of the primary causes of death in the absence of proper treatment. Fragaria nubicola has potential antioxidant action and may be cytoprotective against ischemia-reperfusion brain injury due to the presence of phenolic chemicals. ellagic acid and phenolic compounds are abundant in Fragaria nubicola. We used neurobehavioral tests such as the neurodeficit score, beam walk test, rota rod test, hanging wire test, and elevated plus maze to investigate the effect of fresh Fragaria nubicola fruit juice (10 ml/kg, p.o.) and vitamin E as a reference standard drug on 30 minutes of induced ischemia followed by reperfusion. The biochemical parameters of nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were evaluated in the brains of control and treated rats. Fragaria nubicola fresh fruit juice increased neurobehavioral measures such as motor performance [neurological status, significant increase in grasping ability (P0.05), forelimb strength (P0.05), improvement in balance and co-ordination (P0.05)]. In rat brains, biochemical measurements demonstrated a significant increase in the activity of enzyme antioxidants such as catalase (P0.01), superoxide dismutase (P0.01), total nitrite (P0.01), and lipid peroxidation (P0.01). The juice of F. nubicola fruits (strawberry) has the most strong cytoprotective action, according to the data.

Author(S) Details

Purushottam B. Rakhunde
Department of Pharmacology, Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Aurangabad (M.S.), India.

Syed Ayaz Ali
Department of Pharmacology, Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Aurangabad (M.S.), India.

Subur W. Khan
Department of Pharmacognosy, Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Aurangabad (M.S.), India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V8/article/view/5390

Insulin-Like Growth Factors in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Neurological Disorders in Children | Chapter 3 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 3

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are important for neuronal development, differentiation, survival, and synapse formation. IGF-1 has the greatest impact on the developing brain. We shall attempt to answer the following questions in this paper: Why is it vital to conduct research on children? What clinical research have been conducted in the areas of neonatal asphyxia, infantile spasms, progressive encephalopathy–hypsarrhythmia–optical atrophy (PEHO) syndrome, infantile ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)? Is there a therapeutic potential for IGF? Are there any therapeutic options?

The pathophysiology of several neurological problems in children that lead to intellectual disability, both acute and chronic, was investigated using IGFs in serum and CSF, as well as clinical data from the Finnish study and the literature.

Finally, there are high prospects for the therapeutic use of IGF-1 in the treatment of several neurological illnesses, including ASD.

Author (S) Details

Raili Riikonen

Children’s Hospital, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital,P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V3/article/view/3724