Antibacterial Activity of Commercially Available Plant Extracts on Relevant Campylobacter Jejuni Strains Isolated from Both Human and Poultry | Chapter 1 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

 

Food contaminated with bacterial pathogens is still a problem worldwide.  Campylobacter jejuni causes over 99% of the foodborne infections associated with Campylobacter in the United States. This study involves the evaluation of commercially available plant extracts of oregano, green tea, hawthorn, and curcumin against four isolates of C. jejuni.  In this study, four different strains of C. jejuni were used: one human strain (81176) and three poultry strains isolated from different stages of poultry processing including a pre-chilled chicken carcass (PRCC), a post-chilled chicken carcass (POCC) and a retail chicken carcass (RECC).  Initial studies were first carried out in broth cultures to determine the general effectiveness of the extracts.  The study then was carried out on chicken breast meat to determine the effect of the plant extracts in marinades.  Cell counts were determined at intervals of 0, 2, 6 and 24 hours and bacterial viability was determined using different concentrations of the above extracts.  Both oregano and green tea extracts were found to be antibacterial even at low concentrations in broth cultures and killed all bacteria in 24 hours. But as marinades on chicken breast meat, the extracts were found to be effective only at higher concentrations.  No significant differences were found in the antibacterial effects of the extracts on different C. jejuni strains.  These results demonstrate that commercially available plant extracts such as oregano and green tea have the potential to reduce and/or eliminate C. jejuni in chicken meat. Combinations of plant extracts have to be explored to resolve the problem of the high concentration required to inhibit C. jejuni strains in meat.

 

Author(s) Details

G. S. Kumar-Phillips
Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.

D. O. Sivasankaran
Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.

N. C. Rath
Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA and Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.

J. Marcy
Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.

M. F. Slavik
Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v5/257

Synthesis and Structural Features of Curcumin: A Multitargeted Bioactive Component of Turmeric | Chapter 11 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 6

Curcumin can act as an antioxidant agent by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The important role of turmeric has been investigated as an antispasmodic to reduce menstrual cramping. The multiparametric features of curcumin lead to its various biological importance and are becoming a site of attraction for many researchers. The presence of labile hydrogens, 1,3-diketo groups, and their tautomeric forms, α, β -unsaturated linker portions, and aromatic systems is important in various reactions during biological pathways. Curcumin, which has multiple properties, prompted us to investigate the chemistry behind its actions. The literature has provided a limited collection of data that clarifies the importance of each substituent for various biological activities. Extensive research is still needed to fully explore and understand the underlying chemistry and therapeutic potential of these medicinally important entities. the step has been taken to critically analyse the synthetic methodology of curcumin and to understand the chemistry behind the structural interactions of different moieties towards different biological activities.

Author(s) Details

Gurmeet Kaur
Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, India.

 

Amandeep Kaur
Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, India

Manisha Bansal
Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, India

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v6/5732

Nanotеchnology-based Solutions for Bеta-thalassеmia: Unravelling Curcumin as a Promising Therapeutic Agent | Chapter 1 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 4

 

Background: Beta thalassemia is a blood disorder that affects the production of hеmoglobin, thе protein responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. It is caused by a mutation in thе gеnе that controls the production of hеmoglobin bеta globin chains. Beta thalassemia is a group of inherited blood disorders characterised by decreased Hb production, which leads to anaemia, and the body does not have healthy RBCs. Individuals need regular blood transfusions. Thus, transfusions frequently result in side effects, including iron toxicity. A polyphenol called curcumin has anti-inflammatory effects and can raise the body's level of antioxidants. The use of nanocurcumin has shown a better treatment option for beta-thalassemia conditions.

Objective: To evaluate the better treatment option for beta thalassеmia using nano curcumin as a therapeutic tool.

Methods: A comprehensive search to identify the relevant studies was conducted in online databases, mainly Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. Around 100 articles were identified, and after the title and abstract review, 23 students were included in the review. A literature search was conducted to gather information on beta-thalassemia, nanotechnology, and curcumin. Peer-reviewed articles, scientific journals, and relevant databases were utilised to identify relevant studies and research findings. The search was focused on studies that investigated the application of nanotechnology in beta-thalassemia management and the potential benefits of curcumin in this context.

Results: Nanotechnology offers promising strategies for beta-thalassemia management, enhancing drug delivery and gene therapy. Curcumin, with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is being explored for beta-thalassemia but faces bioavailability challenges. Strategies like nanoformulations are being investigated for curcumin's delivery.

Conclusion: Nanotеchnology-based diagnostics, including non-sensory and nano-biosensors, hold promise for еarly detection and monitoring of bеta-thalassеmia. Curcumin mitigatе oxidative strеss, rеducе inflammation, and potеntially allеviatе thе damagе to bеta-thalamic RBCs. Howеvеr, thе bioavailability of curcumin rеmains a challеngе, and stratеgiеs to еnhancе its dеlivеry and stability nееd to bе invеstigatеd.

 

Author (s) Details

Rahul. E
Acharya Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Bengaluru, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v4/4756

Antioxidant Effect of Curcumin on the Body Weight of Male Albino Wistar Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid Based Mosquito Vaporizers Fumes: An Experimental Study | Chapter 11 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 5

 

Introduction: Pyrethroid based mosquito vaporisers are commonly used as Personal Protective Measures (PPM) to avoid mosquito-borne diseases. Effective control of mosquito-borne diseases with the use of general public health measures is yet to be achieved in our country, so there is increasing use of PPM like mosquito coils, liquid vaporisers, mats, and insecticide-treated bed nets in the Indian population but data regarding the safety profile of PPM is still scarce. Curcumin is the main biologically active phytochemical component of turmeric. Extensive studies within the last half a century have demonstrated the protective action of curcumin in almost all the disorders of the body. The molecule is known to possess anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-cytotoxic and many other useful properties. The molecule is known to possess neuroprotective properties as well [1].

Aim: To analyse the change in the body weight of male albino wistar rats exposed to pyrethroid based mosquito vaporizers and the protective role of turmeric with withdrawal effect.

Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study on a total of 24 male albino Wistar rats from July 2015 to October 2016. They were randomly divided into groups I, II, III and IV. Each group contained six rats. Group I animals served as control, Group II animals were exposed to mosquito vaporiser, 8 hours/day for six days in a week for 90 days, Group III received the same treatment as group II and thereafter retained for 4 weeks of withdrawal to see the reversal changes and Group IV is exposure along with turmeric administration in a dose of 20mg/kg body weight orally. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Comparison of body weight among different groups at different time intervals is done by paired t-test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be significant.

Results: Pyrethroid exposure results in reduced weight gain in exposed group rats. The mean difference in body weight between groups I and II, I and III and I and IV at the end of study was 37.32±24.47gm (p=0.443), 42.02±24.47gm (p=0.343) and 8.29±25.67gm (p=0.988). Weight gain in all the group rats was almost similar till the 8th post-exposure week, after that from the 9th week onwards decremented trend in weight was seen in groups II and III but the group IV rats showed an increasing trend in weight gain.

Conclusion: The assessment suggests that inhalation of pyrethroid based mosquito vaporisers fumes has toxic effects, reflected as reduced weight gain following subchronic exposure and one-month withdrawal is not a sufficient time to overcome the damage induced by pyrethroids. Turmeric shows a protective effect which is reflected in the form of weight gain.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Swati Yadav
Department of Anatomy, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Mau, Ataria, Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Rakesh Kumar Dewan
Department of Anatomy, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Anita Rani
Department of Anatomy, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Jyoti Chopra
Department of Anatomy, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v5/8519E

Role of Indian Spices and Biotherapeutics in Managing Chronic Disease| Chapter 4 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 4

The acceleration in the rate of chronic disease that involves insulin resistance has become of concern in various countries. The rate of most prevalent chronic diseases involve metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which is closely associated with diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. The primary aim of the study is to review the role of Indian spices and biotherapeutics in health and chronic disease. Databases searched for medical literature in this study include Pubmed database, Medline database, Research Gate Researcher Network, Mendeley Research Network and Academia.edu. Biotherapeutics and nutritional biotherapy have become important to reverse these global diseases. Drug biotherapeutics are essential to stabilize chronic disease with dietary interventions and fat consumption that determine biotherapeutics important to the treatment of endocrine and metabolic diseases. Biotherapeutics that involves Indian spice therapy requires assessment with relevance to insulin therapy, immunotherapy, antimicrobial therapy and drug therapeutics. Combined insulin therapy and Indian spice therapy regulate human insulin biological activity with relevance to the prevention of uncontrolled intracellular glucose levels and mitochondrial apoptosis. Biotherapeutics with nutritional biotherapy that involves the use of various nutrients such as magnesium and phosphatidylinositol (gm/day) is essential to insulin therapy. Factors such as stress, core body temperature and food quality influence biotherapeutics and Indian spice therapy with delayed spice clearance associated with mitochondrial dysfunction (cell apoptosis) and altered drug/caffeine therapy with relevance to the global diabetes pandemic. Monitoring of long-term Indian spice therapy may be required in future clinical trials in men with relevance to safety compared to diabetic individuals with insulin therapy and without Indian spice therapy.

Author(s) Details:

Ian James Martins,
Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, Australia, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia, McCusker Alzheimer’s Research Foundation, Hollywood Medical Centre, Nedlands, Australia and School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Nedlands, Australia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RUDHR-V4/article/view/13755

The Molecular Mechanism Tetrahydrocurcumin as an Antihyperlipidemic Agent | Chapter 2 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

 Hyperlipidemia is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular complication in diabetes. A study was undertaken to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic activity of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC). Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) is commonly used in the treatment of diabetes by ayurvedic physicians. Curcumin is a biologically active component isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa that possess antidiabetic and has been proven scientifically for high antioxidant activity and anticancer properties. THC is one of the major colorless metabolite of curcumin. THC has been reported to exhibit the same physiological and pharmacological properties of curcumin. Curcumin is rapidly metabolized during absorption from the intestine, yielding THC, which has shown the strongest antioxidant activity among all curcuminoids. The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and HMG-CoA reductase activity were significantly increased whereas the level of HDL-cholesterol was significantly decreased in serum, liver and kidney of STZ and nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. In STZ diabetic rats treated with THC and curcumin, the levels of lipids and HMG-CoA reductase activity were significantly decreased while the level of HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased. It was observed that antihyperlipidemic effect may be due to improvement in glycaemic control and increased plasma insulin activity, which may result in STZ and nicotinamide induced diabetic rats treated with THC and curcumin to maintain serum and tissue lipids in normal level. The THC administration showed more effective than curcumin. Fatty acids composition of total lipids was significantly altered in liver, kidney and brain of STZ and nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. There was an increase in the levels of palmitic acid and stearic acid with significant decrease in the levels of linolenic acid and arachidonic acid were observed in the tissue of diabetic rats. These polyunsaturated fatty acids are the major targets for reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage. This study showed that administration of THC and curcumin resulted in a significant protection against the changes in the fatty acid composition in STZ and nicotinamide induced diabetic rats.

Author(s) Details:

P. Murugan,
Bharathidhasan University, Tiruchirapalli - 620 024, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V12/article/view/12967

Strong Anti-inflammatory Effect of Soluble Curcumin Shown at Cellular Level | Chapter 11 | Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

 This phase aims to explore potential of a suitable drug molecule that can symbolize an ideal candidate for bringing to bear its therapeutic conduct in order to cure or manage pathological conditions at instigative levels. Inflammatory mechanisms have combine of the strongest underlying creative factors private of the diseases. Atherosclerosis is individual such inflammatory synopsis wherein Endothelial container (EC) activation and chronic swelling can cause the initiation and progress of the disease. A promising competitor medicine accompanying few negative effects is curcumin (CM). However, its healing usage is forced by poor water solubility, a lack of bioavailability, and important hydrolytic breakdown. Conjugation of CM to Albumin (Alb) producing CM-Alb increases the solubility of the potential drug in addition to targeted drug transfer with negligible antagonistic effects from the drug one who carries or transmits something. This study evaluates an albumin-CM conjugate for cellular rude answer demonstrating bioavailability, deciding the non-cytotoxic concentrations and anti-inflammatory answer in human in the middle vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The maximum indulged biocompatible dose driven in HUVEC (EC) culture is 30µM; therefore, this study evaluates an anti-inflammatory answer at non-toxic concentrations. The experiments utilizing fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry confirmed the endocytosis of glowing-tagged CM-Alb and granted comparable cellular rude answer of native albumin. Cytokine- induced incitement of inflammation in EC culture was patterned as in vitro model for judging the response to CM-Alb. A important increase in the expression of VCAM-1 in EC upon incubating accompanying TNF-α for a period of 24h gives a good model method to study the effect of the anti-inflammatory drug particle. Further, the treatment of swelling-induced ECs with CM-Alb combine at 5, 10, 20µM concentrations down-controlled the expression of VCAM-1 significantly distinguished to the TNF-α treated containers. Expressions of markers at a protein level in cytokine-mobilized EC drop down to normalcy when doctored with CM-Alb. In the swelling-induced culture example, the improved liquid solubility and receptor-mediated absorption of the CM- Alb compound by ECs developed in an anti-instigative response, suggesting the possibility for further research as an drip medicinal expression.

Author(s) Details:

Deepa Sathee,
Division of Thrombosis Research, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Lissy Kalliyana Krishnan,
Division of Thrombosis Research, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V8/article/view/11742

Exploring the Biological Perspective of Curcumin Inspired Dihydropyrazoles | Chapter 8 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 2

 Pyrazoles are examined and very important fundamental analogues of chalcones and have very special place in synthetic curative due to allure pharmacological importance. Presence of pyrazole ring system in a lot of naturally happening molecules is one of the distinguishing characteristics concerning this heterocyclic system. Inspired by wonderful biological activity and fundamental complexity of pyrazole analogues we are occupied in area of chalcone and pyrazole synthesis.  By reacting chalcone products with phenylhydrazine, a atheneum of novel dihydropyrazole compounds was created from well-designed Curcumin analogues. All the combined compounds were characterized by spectroscopic (1H and 13C NMR, IR ranges), spectrometric (Mass spectra) dossier and elemental analysis. Due to the occupancy of optically active element in the pyrazole ring, dihydropyrazoles exhibited the characteristic dd (double doublet). All of the combined compounds were tested for antifungal venture against six distinct fungal starins.  With MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) values until 3.12µg/ml., evaluated heterocyles shown strong inhibitory features against the tested fungal strains.  Antifungal activity was excellent in heterocyles containing nitro and methoxy modifications. SAR has existed created between the many substitutions at the phenyl ring of produced heterocycles with 20 distinct derivatives determined for biological venture.

Author(s) Details:

Vishwa Deepak Tripathi,
Department of Chemistry, C. M. Science College, Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar-846003, India.

Nausheen Amber,
Department of Chemistry, C. M. Science College, Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar-846003, India.

Siyaram Prasad,
Department of Chemistry, Millat College, Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar-846003, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V2/article/view/10666

A Review on the Pharmacological Effects of Curcumin in Diabetes, Cancer, and Neurodegenerative Diseases | Chapter 6 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 2

 As a diet-derivative agent, curcumin has been secondhand traditionally in many forms for the treatment of swelling and pain but most of the recent studies exposed the role of curcumin as an antidiabetic, anti-malignant, anti-infectious, antidepressant, and antipsychotic power. This dietary supplement has the ability to block any of cells indicating pathways at various levels which underlies allure diverse effect. By modulating cell phases and interacting directly accompanying molecular targets like glutathione peroxidase, basic factor kappa-B containers, cyclooxygenase-2, hepatic superoxide dismutase, reactive oxygen species swelling necrosis factors, etc. curcumin can halt the development of cancer. In this episode, we demonstrated the therapeutic belongings of curcumin in various cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, microbial contaminations, and diabetes interconnected with allure molecular pathways during preclinical tests.

Author(s) Details:

Nidhi Agrawal,
Siddhi Vinayaka Institute of Technology and Sciences, Mangla, Bilaspur (C.G.)–495001, India.

Hasnain Raza,
Siddhi Vinayaka Institute of Technology and Sciences, Mangla, Bilaspur (C.G.)–495001, India.

Meenakshi Jaiswal,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.)-495009, India.

S. K. Lanjhiyana,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.)-495009, India.

Manoj Kumar Sahoo,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.)-495009, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V2/article/view/10599

Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Stability Studies of Spiroborate Ester of Curcumin with Salicylic Acid | Chapter 8 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 1

 A spiroborate ester of curcumin (CBS) was combined using salicylic acid as a ligand to study the movement of its warm and hydrolytic degradation. The construction of the prepared compound was from UV-Visible spectra, IR spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. The isothermal and non-isothermal thermogravimetric order was used to study the thermal breakdown of CBS at various heating rates in a nitrogen air. The hydrolytic stability of the spiroborate ester was examined in an aqueous acetone order with various water percentages and temperatures. The incitement energies of hydrolysis were premeditated using the Arrhenius equating, and the relevant thermodynamic limits were calculated utilizing the Eyring equation. A reasonable mechanistic route for the hydrolysis of the complex was suggested.

Author(s) Details:

Jeena John,
Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi College, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India and Department of Chemistry, Christian College Kattakada, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India.

Sudha Devi Rug                mini,
Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi College, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India.

Balachandran Sreedharan Nair,
Department of Chemistry, Mahatma Gandhi College, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V1/article/view/10249

Novel Curcumin Analogues: Synthesis and Therapeutic Applications | Chapter 5 | Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 5

 Curcumin is a biomolecule of significance on account of its beautiful pharmacological uses, but at the same time bearing allure own restraints, which involve imbalance, accelerated metabolism, and reduced bioavailability. Many attempts have happened implemented to erase the restraints joined, so as to enhance healing potential of curcumin. The combining of curcumin was always raise disputing due to allure well-proportioned form and hence drew basic and medicinal chemists. Modifying artificial route and parallel plotting, ranging from plain pungent/heterocyclic products to complex metal biography-conjugates trailed by their implications opens the excess of healing uses. Preparing nanoformulation, colloidal drug delivery orders, golden and mesoporous particles in addition to graphene, quantity dot, and composite nanosystems of curcumin is a very widely studied approach to overcome the disadvantages. Current review will specify an intuitiveness of novel synthetic approaches, new healing benefits of formulations, microscopic mechanisms of curcumin or of structurally changed curcumin grazing from diseased tumors, cardiovascular, apoptosis inducers to antimicrobial activities.

Author(s) Details:

Kunal M. Gokhale,
Dr. L H Hiranandani College of Pharmacy, Ulhasnagar, MH, India.

Chaitanya Walekar,
Dr. L H Hiranandani College of Pharmacy, Ulhasnagar, MH, India.

Snehal Manje,
Dr. L H Hiranandani College of Pharmacy, Ulhasnagar, MH, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COPS-V5/article/view/9453

Determination of Cisplatin Effect on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Modulated by Erk1/2 Protein Kinases | Chapter 14 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 8

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and/or p53 activation in the apoptotic process induced by cisplatin-CisPT treatment on two head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (FaDu and PE/CA-PJ49) and how curcumin (CRM) used as an adjuvant supports it. According to data, CRM enhances CisPt activity. In both cell lines, CRM raised the phosphorylation of the p53 protein. CisPt altered the phosphorylation of the p53 protein in PE/CA-PJ49 cells but enhanced it in FaDu cells. The constitutive expression of activated ERK1/2 protein-kinase varied in the two tumour cell lines under investigation. The activation status of ERK1/2 was a factor in the cell processes that CisPt and/or CRM induced, including cell proliferation and death. Our results suggest that the phosphorylation of p53 during the apoptotic response to CRM treatment may need ERK1/2. In both tumour cell lines, combination treatments (CisPt and CRM) resulted in apoptosis that was dependent on p53 phosphorylation and ERK1/2 activation. Finally, ERK1/2 may affect cell proliferation and/or death depending on the type of therapeutic drug, the properties of the cells, and the level of ERK1/2 activation.

 

Author (s) Details

Marinela Bostan

Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Center of Immunology, Bucharest, Romania and  Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.

Georgiana Gabriela Petrica-Matei

Department of Cytogenetics, Personal Genetics - Medical Genetics Center, Bucharest, Romania.

Gabriela Ion

Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Center of Immunology, Bucharest, Romania.

Nicoleta Radu

University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Biotechnology Dept.& National Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry R&D of Bucharest, Romania.

Mirela Mihaila

Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Center of Immunology, Bucharest, Romania.

Razvan Hainarosie

Prof. Dr. Dorin Hociota Institute of Phonoaudiology and Functional ENT Surgery, Bucharest, Romania.

Lorelei Irina Brasoveanu

Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Center of Immunology, Bucharest, Romania.

Viviana Roman

Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Center of Immunology, Bucharest, Romania.

Carolina Constantin

Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.

Monica Teodora Neagu

Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.

 

Please see the link here:-  https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V8/article/view/7803

A Literature Review on Neuroprotective Activities of Curcumin in Parkinson’s Disease | Chapter 11 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 6

Dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) are impacted by Parkinson's disease (PD), a multisystem condition that causes a decrease in dopamine (DA) at their striatal terminals. Levodopa or DA receptor agonists are used to treat Parkinson's disease because they replace the role of diminished DA in the striatum. Extended use of these medications for treatment has variable therapeutic outcomes and may cause undesirable dyskinesia. Therefore, a crucial unmet need in the treatment of Parkinson's disease is to develop novel methods to slow down, stop, or reverse the process of neurodegeneration. Researchers are looking into natural substances with neuroprotective characteristics as potential treatments. A polyphenolic compound called curcumin is obtained from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa (turmeric). As a potential therapeutic and nutraceutical agent for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, it has been demonstrated to possess potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, free radical scavenging, mitochondrial protecting, iron-chelating, and MAO inhibitory effects.

 

Author (s) Details

Eslam El Nebrisi

Department of Pharmacology, Dubai Medical College, Dubai 20170, United Arab Emirates.

 

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V6/article/view/7685

Assessment of RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Estimation of Thymoquinone and Curcumin in Dosage Form| Chapter 14 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 2

The goal of this research is to create and verify a simple, specific, accurate, and exact HPLC technique for concurrently measuring Curcumin (CUR) and Thymoquinone (THQ) in bulk and formulation, following ICH guidelines for analytical method development and validation.

Study Design: Using a C-18 Inertsil column and optimising factors, develop an RP-HPLC technique for quantifying Thymoquinone and Curcumin in bulk and formulation.

The current research was carried out in the year 2021 at Shri D. D. Vispute College of Pharmacy and Research Center, Panvel.

The RP-HPLC technique was developed employing an isocratic mobile phase of acetonitrile and water at a ratio of (82:18) v/v, with a flow rate of 0.9 mL/minute over an Inertsil ODS, 250 4.6 mm, 5 m column, at a column oven temperature of 30°C. A 256 nm photodiode array was used for detection.

The retention periods for curcumin and thymoquinone were 3.5 and 4.3 minutes, respectively. The technique displayed good linear response for thymoquinone and curcumin in concentration ranges of 4-18 g/ml and 10-45 g/ml, respectively, with correlation coefficient (R2) values of 0.999 for both. The highest permissible limit percentage of relative standard deviation for curcumin and thymoquinone studies was less than 2.0, i.e. 1.61 percent and 1.62 percent for curcumin and 0.47 percent and 0.42 percent for thymoquinone, respectively. The mean % recovery for both drugs was within acceptable limits. The devised and verified HPLC technique is simple, accurate, precise, and acceptable for analysis since all of the findings meet the acceptance criteria.

Conclusion: The new RP-HPLC technique at single wavelength was validated for system appropriateness, specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness according to ICH requirements, and may be used for regular quality monitoring of medicines in pharmaceutical dosage forms. This approach may be used to analyse curcumin and thymoquinone samples together for routine quality control.

 

Author(s) Details:

Prajakta Jagtap,
Department of Quality Assurance, Shri. D. D. Vispute College of Pharmacy & Research Center, New Panvel - 410206, India.

Namrata Mahajan,
Department of Quality Assurance, Shri. D. D. Vispute College of Pharmacy & Research Center, New Panvel - 410206, India.

Anjali Parte,
Department of Quality Assurance, Shri. D. D. Vispute College of Pharmacy & Research Center, New Panvel - 410206, India.

Jeeja Pananchery,
Department of Pharmacognosy, Shri. D. D. Vispute College of Pharmacy & Research Center, Ne

Ashish Jain,
Department of Pharmacognosy, Shri. D. D. Vispute College of Pharmacy & Research Center, New Panvel - 410206, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V2/article/view/6586

Determination of Phytochemicals as Potential Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) with Special Reference to Breast Cancer | Chapter 7 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 5

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women in India and around the world. Metastasis and secondary tumour growth are the leading causes of mortality and poor clinical prognosis in most malignancies, including breast tumours, and metastasized cancers remain essentially untreatable even with modern therapeutic options. MMPs, a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidase enzymes, play an important role in the regulation of metastasis and tumour formation, making them potential therapeutic targets for preventing metastasis. Therapeutic using phytochemical substances has the potential to lessen treatment adverse effects while also lowering treatment costs. The goal of this study is to look at the potential of four different phytochemicals, resveratrol, theaflavin, curcumin, and all-trans retinoic acid, as MMP inhibitors, with a focus on breast cancer.

Author (S) Details

Anirban Roy

Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Kolkata, 30 Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata 700016, West Bengal, India.

Indira Chakraborty

Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Kolkata, 30 Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata 700016, West Bengal, India.

Aniruddha Banerji

Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Kolkata, 30 Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata 700016, West Bengal, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDHR-V5/article/view/3969

Everyday Phytochemicals for Cancer: Another Look | Chapter 4 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 Phytonutrients, also known as phytochemicals, are plant-based ingredients that help to maintain, protect, and improve our overall health and well-being, including cancer prevention and other preventative activities in the body. Both fruits, vegetables, greens, and herbs contain them. Bioactive compounds/nutrients are abundant in marine species such as algae, seaweed, and sponges. They have antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and antibiotic effects, among others. It's fantastic that scientists are studying the effects of typical plants and plant constituents, as well as marine species, on cancers like lung cancer and cervical cancer. There are thousands of phytochemicals that have significant health benefits. Phytochemicals are found in most herbs, fruits, and vegetables, and their nutritional constituents are being researched extensively to determine their effects on health and cancer care. Alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroid, terpenoid, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and other phytochemicals found in various fruits, medicinal plants, and marine red algae are discussed in this study.

Author (s) Details

V. Gowri Sree
Anna University, Chennai, India.

Ignacio Camarillo
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.

T. Jeya Shree
Anna University, Chennai, India.

S. Poompavai
Anna University, Chennai, India.

Prgatheiswar Giri
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.

S. M. Fazeela Mahaboob Begum
BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India.

S. Hemalatha
BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India.

Lakshya Mittal
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.

E. Sieni
University of Padova, Italy.

S. Madhivanan
Vinayaka Mission, Pondicherry, India.

S. Prabakaran
Government Hospital, Trichy, India.

R. Sundararajan
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.

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Study on Silica Catalyst Promoted One-Pot Synthesis of 4-[(Dialkylamino)methyl]-1,7- diphenylhepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione | Chapter 6 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 5

 Silica (SiO2) catalyses 4-[(dialkylamino)methyl]-1,7-diphenylhepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione single-pot synthesis. The expeditious synthesis of Mannich base derivatives under the microwave irradiation process for curcumin is known for its biological activity. Curcumin is naturally occurring, isolated from Curcuma longa, yellow pigments, structurally polyphenolic compounds consisting of spectacular biological activity. Curcumin, which is grown in most parts of India, is also called 'Indian Saffron.' In many Asian countries, such as 'India' and 'China', curcumin has historically been recognised for its medicinal property. However, due to its poor bioavailability, the therapeutic usefulness of curcumin is limited. Present technique provides one pot catalysed silica, a productive approach for obtaining Mannich base curcumin. Conventional and microwave irradiation techniques have also been shown to be productive. A non-toxic, non-hazardous, readily accessible eco-friendly catalyst used for the synthesis of curcumin analogue under traditional and microwave irradiation methods. An expeditious response with good to better performance performed under the microwave process. 1H NMR was used to classify the final items.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Mahesh G. Shioorkar
Department of Chemistry, Vivekanand Arts, S.D. Commerce and Science College, Aurangabad-431 001, India.

Professor Milind B. Ubale

Department of Chemistry, Vasantrao Naik College, Aurangabad-431 001, India.

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Research on Aloe vera Mucilage as Solubility Enhancer in Tablet Formulation | Chapter 12 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 

The present study evaluates the synthesis of water-insoluble compounds into tablets with a sustained release matrix and the effect of aloe vera gel powder on the dissolution and other physical properties of tablets with the SR matrix. As a polymer, HPMC and ethyl cellulose were used and various  The concentration of aloe vera gel powder used as the enhancer of dissolution. By direct compression process, sustained release matrix tablets were formulated and subjected to various quality control studies as per  The official Guidelines for Pharmacopoeia. The tablet formulation that has been produced complies with the monograph. The findings suggest that the dissolution of curcumin is stimulated by aloe vera. Kinetics of dissolution indicate that all the formulation followed the model of Korsemayer Peppas by anomalous diffusion  Mechanism. To conclude, the dissolution enhancer of aloe vera gel powder can be used to increase the drug absorption of water-insoluble products.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Habibur Rahman
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Malaysia and PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Dr. Telny Thomas Chungath
Chemists College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Ernakulum, Kerala, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/272

Curcumin, Indomethacin, and Naproxen Synergistically inhibit the Growth of Human Colorectal Cancer Cells (HT-29): Current Research | Chapter 8 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin, indomethacin, curcumin and naproxen combination synergistically on the growth of HT-29 cells. The growth of HT-29 cells was examined by MTS cell viability assay by one to four days’ treatment with curcumin (10∼50 μM), indomethacin (250∼1,000 μM), curcumin (10∼50 μM) and naproxen (250∼1,000 μM) to 2×104 HT-29 cells/mL. The results suggested that curcumin inhibited the growth of HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. In concentration range from 500 to 1,000 μM, indomethacin inhibitied the growth of HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. To examine inhibitory administered or give of curcumin and indomethacin, curcumin and naproxen combinination on the HT-29 cell lines, we treatment with 20 μM curcumin and indomethacin (500 μM, 750 μM) combinination curcumin and naproxen (750 μM, 1,000 μM) combinination to 2×104 HT-29 cells/well. The results suggested that curcumin potentiates the inhibitory effect of indomethacin on the growth of HT-29 cell lines by shifting the dose-dependent manner. 

Author(s)  Details

Ju-Seop Kang,
Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea. 

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Turmeric (Curcumin) as a Supplement in the Reduction of Inflammation in a Collagen-induced Arthritis Rat Model | Chapter 6 | New Insights into Disease and Pathogen Research Vol. 5

Aims: To assess the therapeutic effect of turmeric (curcumin) supplementation in modulating the expression of NF-κB in the joints of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research, International Medical University, Malaysia, between July 2011 and May 2012. Methodology: Arthritis was induced in each group of Dark Agouti (DA) rats, by intradermal injection with collagen emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant. Treatment groups which were induced with CIA were treated with: 500 mg/kg curcumin; 1000 mg/kg curcumin; 2000 mg/kg curcumin; 25 mg/kg aspirin. Combination treatment groups which were induced with CIA were treated with: 500 mg/kg curcumin and 25 mg/kg aspirin; 1000 mg/kg curcumin and 25 mg/kg aspirin; 2000 mg/kg curcumin and 25 mg/kg aspirin from day 25 to 38. Efficacy was assessed based on ability to reduce paw oedema, histopathological changes, NF-κB expression, serum tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) and gluthathione peroxidase (GPx) levels.  Results: Based on histopathological study, immunohistochemical scoring of NF-κB and ELISA analysis of TNF-α, IL-1β and GPx levels, our study found that curcumin given after arthritis in high doses, shows effects of healing and this results were comparable to positive control group, which is the arthritic group treated with 25 mg/kg aspirin. Curcumin given in combination with aspirin, showed better reduction in pathology in arthritic group compared to positive control group, especially with higher doses of curcumin. Conclusion: Curcumin was effective in reducing inflammatory changes seen in CIA joints which were proved through histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical analysis, however only at high doses.  

Author (s) Details

Srikumar Chakravarthi
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia.

Shanmugam Somasundaram
Faculty of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.

Ammu Radhakrishnan
Department of Immunology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine, Monash University, Malaysia.

Premdass Ramdas
Faculty of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Nagaraja Haleagrahara
Faculty of Medicine, Health and Molecular Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.

Mangala Kumari
Faculty of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/196