Comparison of Long-term Cumulative Survival Rate and Standardized Mortality Ratio After Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis | Chapter 8 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 8

 

Background and Objective: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an established surgical procedure that can relieve knee pain, enhance knee function, and improve the patient quality of life. The primary objective of this study is to clarify the long-term cumulative survival rate (CSR) and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

 

Method: Data for 325 RA and OA patients with 460 primary TKAs from 1997 to 2007 were reviewed. We divided the patients into ≤70 years (u70) and ≥71 years (o71) groups. The follow-up duration in the RA group (n=118) was 12.8±4.8 years vs 13.0±4.1 years in the OA group (n=207). The Cumulative Survival Rate was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method.

 

Results: The SMR of the female RA patients was 1.97 (95%CI 0.96-3.89) after 5 years and 4.59 (95%CI 3.44-6.10) after 20 years. The SMR in female OA patients was 0.41 (95%CI 0.17-0.93) after 5 years and 1.31 (95%CI 0.996-1.73) after 20 years.

 

The 20-year CSR of female RA-o71 patients was lowest with 9.6 (95%CI 0-26). There was no significant difference in CSR between the RA-u70 and OA-o71 groups. The CSR in the OA-u70 group was highest with 77.8 (95%CI 0.62-0.93). Cox proportional hazards model analysis of female patients showed that steroid-use [Hazard ratio (HR) 3.22, 95%CI 1.32-13.46], age (HR 1.09, 95%CI 1.05- 1.30), and rheumatoid factor (HR 1.002, 95%CI 1.00-1.01) were risk factors in the RA-u70 group.

 

In the RA-o71 group, steroid use (HR 4.71, 95%CI 1.35-16.7), age (HR 1.38, 95%CI 1.12-1.71) and C-reactive protein (HR 1.20, 95%CI 1.02-1.41) were risk factors, whereas in the OA group, only age at surgery (HR 1.10, 95%CI 1.033-1.163) was a risk factor.

 

Conclusion: The study concluded that CSR was higher in patients with OA versus RA. SMR of female patients was high in RA and low after 5 years in OA. RA-u70 patients had a similar cumulative survival curve as OA-o71. The CSR of RA-o71 patients was poor. The preoperative factors affecting survival differed between u-70 and o-71 in RA.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Yamashita F
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, 606-0866 Higashimorigamae-cho 17, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan and Department of Rheumatology, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, 606-0866 Higashimorigamae-cho 17, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.

Kobayashi M
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, 606-0866 Higashimorigamae-cho 17, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.

Mizuno Y
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, 606-0866 Higashimorigamae-cho 17, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.

Funakoshi N.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, 606-0866 Higashimorigamae-cho 17, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan and Department of Rheumatology, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, 606-0866 Higashimorigamae-cho 17, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.

Ito H.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, 606-0866 Higashimorigamae-cho 17, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.

Mori D.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, 606-0866 Higashimorigamae-cho 17, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.

Funakoshi H.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, 606-0866 Higashimorigamae-cho 17, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.

Nishiyama H.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, 606-0866 Higashimorigamae-cho 17, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.

Shirai T.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, 606-0866 Higashimorigamae-cho 17, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.

Haku S.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, 606-0866 Higashimorigamae-cho 17, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.

Shimozono Y.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, 606-0866 Higashimorigamae-cho 17, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.

Tukasaki Y.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, 606-0866 Higashimorigamae-cho 17, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.

Itoi M.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Hiyosi-cho, Nantan-shi, Kyoto, Japan.

Kizaki K.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, 606-0866 Higashimorigamae-cho 17, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan and Department of Rheumatology, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, 606-0866 Higashimorigamae-cho 17, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v8/1016

Long-Term Outcome and Maintenance of Outdoor Walking Ability After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis Versus Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Retrospective Study | Chapter 13 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 9

 

Objective and Aim: Ambulation is important for maintaining health. It becomes difficult when the knee joint is severely damaged by diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated the long-term results and maintenance of outdoor walking ability after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with osteoarthritis versus rheumatoid arthritis.

 

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 205 patients with OA (285 knees) and 117 with RA (168 knees) who underwent primary TKA. We investigated the period during which they were able to walk outdoors for more than 10 minutes and the long-term outcomes of TKA. All TKA surgeries were performed via a medial parapatellar approach under general anesthesia by one surgeon at one institution. The mean follow-up durations in the OA and RA groups were 13.0 and 12.8 years, respectively.

 

Results: About 90% of participants in both the OA and RA groups were female. The mean ages at surgery in the OA and RA groups were 72.8 and 65 years, respectively. The cumulative frequencies of outdoor walking ability in the OA and RA groups were 39.3% and 44.1%, respectively, at 15 years, and 21.0% and 27.1%, respectively, at 20 years, with no significant intergroup differences (log-rank test, p=0.3017). The main cause of gait dysfunction was medical disease (55.7% and 61.4% in the OA and RA groups, respectively). The cumulative survival rate for TKA was 97% at 20 years in both groups. The preoperative risk factors for inability to walk outdoors were older age at TKA and consistently severe pain in the OA group, and older age at TKA, higher rheumatoid factor concentration, and oral corticosteroid use in the RA group.

 

Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the OA and RA groups in knee joint function after TKA, even in the long term. The cumulative survival rate for TKA was 97% at 20 years in both the OA and RA groups. TKA improves long-term knee function and has a similar long-term beneficial effect on outdoor walking ability in patients with OA and RA.

 

Author(s) Details

 

Fumiharu Yamashita

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan and Department of Rheumatology, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.

Yoshitake Tsukasaki

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.

Yoshiharu Shimozono

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.

Shin Haku

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.

Takaaki Shirai

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.

Hiroshi Funakoshi

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.

Daisuke Mori

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.

Hideo Ito

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.

Noboru Funakoshi

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan and Department of Rheumatology, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.

Yasuyuki Mizuno

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.

Masahiko Kobayashi

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.

Megumi Itoi

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Nantan-shi, Kyoto, Japan.

Kazuha Kizaki

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan and Department of Rheumatology, Kyoto Shimogamo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v9/1185

 

A Case Study of Inflammatory Arthritis with Progressive Joint Destruction | Chapter 11 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 3

Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic inflammatory disease with autoimmune features, with a predominant expression in peripheral synovial joints.  A clinical evaluation remains the cornerstone for evaluating early arthritis; determining whether arthritis is present or not, differentiating between the inflammatory or non-inflammatory disease, and deciding on the aetiology of the arthropathy.  Rheumatoid factor (RF) and antibodies to citrullinated peptide (ACPA) have been detected in patients with RA years before the onset of symptoms- evidence that the disease process begins in the preclinical phase, before the onset of symptoms. This study presents a case of aggressive rheumatoid arthritis of wrist joints misdiagnosed as infectious arthritis, which has led to the total joint destruction within a period of 3 years. The patient, a 57-year-old female, presented with complaints of severe pain, swelling and functional disorders of the left wrist joint at the beginning of 2013. She started complaining in December 2010 during the flu infection, accompanied by conjunctivitis. The flu lasted for a month and resulted in severe complications. Rheumatoid factor (RF) and antibodies to citrullinated peptide (ACPA) have been detected in patients with RA years before the onset of symptoms- evidence that the disease process begins in the preclinical phase, before the onset of symptoms. In this case, it was noticed in the lab tests that the ACPA antibodies were serologically positive for RF. According to the ACR 2010 criteria, the consultant in rheumatology affirmed the preliminary diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Unfortunately, the delay in confirming the diagnosis and the destruction of the left wrist led to arthrodesis.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Evija S
Department of Rheumatology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.

 

Helena M
Department of Rheumatology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.

 

Janis A
Hospital of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Riga, Latvia.

 

Dace V
Hospital of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Riga, Latvia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v3/5397

Nanoparticle-Mediated Active Targeted Drug Delivery | Chapter 1 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 9

Targeted and temporal delivery of drugs to diseased tissues is a key objective in medicine. Nanoparticles (NPs), as delivery vehicles, demonstrated the potential to achieve this by targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs while reducing off-target toxicity and minimizing the need for frequent dosing. Significant progress in NP-mediated drug delivery (NMDD) has focused on developing NP-based drug (NP-drug) formulations for targeted delivery to diseased tissues, with particular attention to cellular and subcellular precision. Advancements in this area include the intricate design of targeted NP-drug constructs to navigate through biological barriers, control drug release, overcome multidrug resistance (MDR), decrease side effects, and improve overall drug efficacy. This chapter outlines the latest developments in NP-mediated targeted drug delivery, highlighting various NP-drug constructs engineered to achieve active targeted delivery and improve therapeutic outcomes for critical diseases such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease. The chapter concludes with an overview of current clinical trials in active targeted NP-drug delivery and discusses potential future directions for this rapidly evolving field.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Okhil K. Nag
Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA.

 

Ryan N. Porell
Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA.

 

James B. Delehanty
Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v9/2071

Most Potent Herbal Remedy for Arthritis | Chapter 5 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 5

 India indeed has a rich history and tradition in the field of medicine, particularly in Ayurveda. Ayurvedic medicine has been gaining popularity in recent years due to its effectiveness in treating various diseases, including autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis. The combination of herbal drugs such as ashwagandha, safed musli, mahayogiraj guggul, and maharasandi kwath has been clinically proven to have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-arthritic activities when used alone. Combining these potent herbs can provide a powerful treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. It is important to note that inflammation can occur due to physical injury or faulty metabolism of the body. According to Ayurveda, faulty metabolism produces Aam or toxins that lead to an imbalance in the body's three main pillars - vata, pitta, and kapha. ROS, or Reactive Oxygen Species, are highly unstable compounds that play a role in the progression of inflammatory disorders. The body's complex antioxidant defense system normally controls ROS levels, but overproduction of ROS and/or inadequate antioxidant defense can lead to oxidative stress and result in several clinical disorders. Therefore, it is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and stress management, to prevent the buildup of toxins and maintain a healthy antioxidant defense system.

Author(s) Details:

Aishwarya Shivkumar Patil,
Vilasrao Deshmukh Foundation Group of Institution, VDF School of Pharmacy, Latur-413531, Maharashtra, India.

S. V. Pimpale,
Vilasrao Deshmukh Foundation Group of Institution, VDF School of Pharmacy, Latur-413531, Maharashtra, India.

B. S. Wakure,
Vilasrao Deshmukh Foundation Group of Institution, VDF School of Pharmacy, Latur-413531, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V5/article/view/11049

A Review on Nutraceuticals: Omega-3 Fatty Acids as a Positive Effect on Human Health and Disease | Chapter 14 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

 For the publicity of good health and the decline of illness risk, Nutraceuticals, working food components, and digestive supplements are crucial. Although a expansive range of bioactive is known to support the anticipated beneficial benefits. The researcher have endure the literatures related to the Nutraceuticals – Omega 3 greasy acids as a positive effect on human health and afflictions, on the basis of the accompanying literatures and the findings it raise that many types of Omega-3 fatty acids are definitely affect the human well-being and which also helps for fear that and cure from certain afflictions like cancer, soul diseases etc. Omega-3 oily acids are considered essential oily acids. They are very important for human energy, but the body cannot produce them on allure own. We must get bureaucracy through food. Omega-3 oily acids play an important duty in brain function and sane growth and development.

Author(s) Details:

P. Shanthala,
Padmashree Institute of Management and Sciences, Bangalore, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHDHR-V6/article/view/10539

Role of Some Heavy Metals in Rheumatoid Arthritis | Chapter 4 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

 This affiliate aims to investigate the partnership of some heavy metals accompanying rheumatoid arthritis. The metal aggregation was observed in serum of RA victims, both in sexuality and two age groups of below 35 years and 35 age and above. The metals studied were metallic mineral, cobalt, lead, nickel and law enforcement officer. The findings told that concentration of Cu was significantly lower in the antitoxin of RA +ve patients distinguished to RA -ve individuals but no significant friendship with sexuality and age groups was found. There was no significant connection found middle from two points concentration of Zn, Co, Pb, and Ni with RA +ve inmates. Similarly, there was no important relationship between these ore concentrations and the gender or age of RA +ve victims.

Author(s) Details:

Muhmmad Arshad,
Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.

Naila Riaz,
Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.

Razia Bashir,
Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.

Shazia Irfan,
Department of Zoology, GC University Lahore, Pakistan.

Shafaat Yar Khan,
Department of Zoology, GC University Lahore, Pakistan.

Hafiz Muhammad Tahir,
Department of Zoology, GC University Lahore, Pakistan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V7/article/view/10070

An Emerging Approach for Patient Stratification and Therapy Choice : “High” and “Low” Gene Expression Signatures in Rheumatoid Arthritis | Chapter 01 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory illness with an unknown cause that affects several immune system pathways, as well as a variety of other tissues, and is linked to joint deterioration. The pathophysiological and pharmacological factors that lead to joint deterioration and pain induction are not addressed by current treatments. Furthermore, RA patients are exceedingly diverse, necessitating specialised medications, which are difficult to choose because not all patients respond to treatment. Currently, in approximately half of RA patients, clinical, immunological, and radiological features do not allow for the prediction of anti-rheumatic medication response. According to new research, stratifying individuals based on their pro-inflammatory gene expression levels may help predict response to RA medication.

Author(S) Details

Elena V. Tchetina
Principal Investigator, Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, 34A Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115522, Russia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V3/article/view/6330

Cutaneous Vasculitis in Rheumatoid Arthritis : A Case Induced by Different Biotherapy | Chapter 20 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 Rheumatoid arthritis has improved with the use of biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic medications (bDMARDs) (RA). Vasculitis of the skin is a symptom of RA. Furthermore, it has been described as a biotherapy's paradoxical impact. According to the BIOGEAS study group (a Study Group on Autoimmune Diseases of the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine), Vasculitis has been observed in more than 140 instances with anti-TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) drugs, but only in two cases with Tocilizumab (TCZ). We present the first case of cutaneous vasculitis that developed while on both anti-TNF and TCZ medication.

Author(S) Details

Saoussen Miladi
Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Research Unit UR17SP04, 2010 Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia and Rheumatology Department. Mongi Slim Hospital, Tunisia.

Kaouther Maatallah
Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Research Unit UR17SP04, 2010 Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia and Rheumatology Department, Kassab Institute, Tunisia.

Wafa Hamdi
Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Research Unit UR17SP04, 2010 Ksar Said, Tunis, Tunisia and Rheumatology Department, Kassab Institute, Tunisia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V9/article/view/4605

Analysing the Epidemiological Factors and Biological Markers of Rheumatoid Arthritis | Chapter 1 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 15

 Background: In the management of rheumatoid arthritis, early diagnosis is crucial since it allows for timely intervention and a better prognosis. With the goal of early identification and reduced morbidity, a prospective study was done to evaluate epidemiological aspects and molecular indicators of rheumatoid arthritis, as well as NEW ACR 2010 criteria and DAS28.

Methods and Materials: This study comprised 62 patients between the ages of 21 and 75 years old with varied rheumatoid arthritis complaints who met the revised ACR 2010 criteria. Age and gender distribution, disease duration, seasonal fluctuation, socioeconomic level, pain in various joints, deformity presentation and interval from disease beginning, several biological markers (RA factor, antiCCP), disability score (das28), and VAS were all noted.

The condition was most usually identified within 24 months after beginning and during the winter. The most prevalent age group was 41-50 years, with a female-male ratio of 4:1. The most typical pattern of joint involvement was Wrist and MCP > PIP > Elbow, Shoulder, and Knee > Ankle >Cervical >Lumbar spihe. 69.35 percent of patients showed DAS28 joint involvement, while 19.36 percent had typical deformity. Anti-CCP was found in 72.7 percent of RA factor negative cases and 64.52 percent of RA factor positive cases. The average DAS28 score was 7.38, with 53.23 percent scoring a 9 on the NEW ACR 2010.

Conclusion: Anti-CCP can be used to diagnosis RA negative cases, but when paired with the DAS28 and NEW ACR 2010 scores, the accuracy of diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis improves, allowing for early treatment and better outcomes.

Author(S) Details

Sanjay Kumar
GSVM Medical College, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Ajay Bharti
GSVM Medical College, Uttar Pradesh, India.

A. K. Gupta
GSVM Medical College, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Hemraj Saini
GSVM Medical College, Uttar Pradesh, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V15/article/view/4996

A Comparative Study of Different Types of Joint Effusions in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Northern India | Chapter 12 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 Arthritis is the most common symptom of a variety of joint problems. This is when synovial fluid analysis comes in handy. Synovial fluid analysis has long been advised as a standard procedure for aiding in the diagnosis of arthritis. Synovial fluid moisturises and lubricates the joints by filling the gaps in the joint cavities.

Objective: To improve diagnosis accuracy, examine the gross, microscopic, and biochemical differences in synovial fluid in diverse sources of joint effusions, as well as assess synovial fluid cytology with biochemical parameters in various forms of arthritis.

Materials and Procedures: The synovial fluid of 477 patients was examined in the Department of Biochemistry at SKIMS Medical College & Hospital, Bemina, Srinagar, India, in collaboration with the Department of Pathology. The synovial fluid was separated into two halves after a gross examination to determine its total volume, clarity, and viscosity. The synovial fluid was split in half and sent for biochemical analysis and microscopic examination.

Joint involvement was detected in individuals between the ages of 16 and 75, with 182 males and 295 females among the 477 synovial fluid samples examined.

Septic arthritis had the greatest total leucocyte count, while osteoarthritis had the lowest. Septic arthritis (95 percent) had the most neutrophils, while osteoarthritis had the least (24 percent ). Osteoarthritis and gouty arthritis had the highest sugar levels in synovial fluid (70-90 mg/dL each), while septic arthritis had the lowest. Protein levels were highest in rheumatoid arthritis (4.1-6.5 gm/dL) and traumatic arthritis (4.2-6.4 gm/dL), and lowest in osteoarthritis (1.2-2.4 gm/dL). The maximum number of positive synovial C-reactive protein cases (130) were discovered in rheumatoid arthritis, with rheumatoid factor positive in 143 instances and negative in 127 cases of osteoarthritis.

Conclusion: Protein and sugar biochemical analysis of synovial fluid aids in the diagnosis of various kinds of arthritis. The presence of RF in synovial fluid aids in the diagnosis of monoarticular arthritis. In rheumatoid arthritis, C-reactive protein levels in synovial fluid were high, and this test, along with others, can be used to diagnose the illness. Synovial fluid analysis will be used more frequently in hospital services, assisting clinicians in early management and providing specific benefits in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with joint illness.

Author(S) Details

Qazi Najeeb Ahmad
Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Medical College Anantnag (J&K) India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V11/article/view/4654

Acquired Pure Red Cell Aplasia in a Patient of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report | Chapter 01 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 17

 Pure red cell aplasia is a clinical disorder characterised by the absence of mature erythroid precursors in another wise normocellular bone marrow (PRCA). PRCA is an extraarticular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis that is a relatively uncommon cause of anaemia in Rheumatoid Arthritis, with only a few cases reported to date. Hereditary and acquired PRCA are two types of PRCA.

We look at the example of a 52-year-old woman who had long-term untreated seropositive arthritis and severe symptomatic anaemia. After a complete work-up that included a bone marrow exam, her findings were consistent with pure red cell aplasia.

Author(S) Details

Kumar Rajesh
Department of General Medicine, AIIMS Deoghar, India.

R. N. Pradhan
Department of Medicine, B. G. H. DNB Hospital, Bokaro, India.

R. K. Bhattiprolu
Department of Medicine, B. G. H. DNB Hospital, Bokaro, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V17/article/view/4191

Preliminary Report on Scintimetric Evaluation of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Involvement by Dr. V. Siva’s Retention Ratio | Chapter 9 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 The aim of this study is to demonstrate the value of Scintimetric Characterization of tracer activity uptake in Rheumatoid arthritis-affected joints in bone scans.

Materials and Methods: Bone scans for bone and joint pains revealed the existence of skeletal hot spots in three out of five patients with reported Rheumatoid arthritis. By repeating the 24 hr delayed bone scans, they were subjected to the scintimetric assessment of the skeletal hot spots by Dr. V. Siva's retention ratio. In 3 hour and 24 hr bone scans, maximum counts were calculated for 58 skeletal hotspots seen in different joint spaces. They were tabulated, and Dr. V. Siva's Retention Ratio for the last 24 hours was measured and analysed.

The mean was 5.91 0.35, and the standard error of the means was 0.3496. The estimated standard deviation was 2.9734 and the estimated variance was 8.8408. By HOJO's adjustment, the average variance was 6.6306 and the estimated standard deviation was 2.575 for this sample size. Owing to the limited size of the Sample population, this was inevitable.

Conclusion: The scintimetric assessment of skeletal hotspots in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients revealed a definitive benign benefit, according to this report. This could serve as a solid baseline from which to evaluate patient response and progression.

Author (s) Details

V. Sivasubramaniyan
Department of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Sri Aurobindo University, Indore, Madhyapradesh, India and Department of Physics, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Vidyagiri, Prasanthinilayam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

K. Venkataramaniah
Department of Physics, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Vidyagiri, Prasanthinilayam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V5/article/view/696

Influence of Depleted Complement Activity on the Development of Zymosan-Induced Arthritis | Chapter 9 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 Zymosan-induced arthritis is a rheumatoid arthritis model that is used to study the cells and molecules that play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory joint diseases. Despite the fact that the alternative pathway of complement activity plays a role in the pathogenesis of arthritis, several questions remain unanswered. The aim of this study was to see how complement depletion affected cartilage integrity, Dectin-1 expression, and blood monocyte and lymphocyte apoptosis. The decomplementation was done with cobra venom factor (CVF), a peptide fragment that can activate the alternative complement pathway and is similar to C3 part. CVF treatment minimised proteoglycan loss and had a differential effect on Dectin-1 expression on monocyte and lymphocyte populations, as well as a reduction in the number of dendritic cells (DCs) in the synovial fluid. Complement inhibition's performance in experimental models promotes the development of new therapeutic methods for human rheumatoid arthritis.

Author (s) Details

Lyudmila Belenska-Todorova
Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridsky”, Bulgaria.

Nina Ivanovska
Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V4/article/view/558

Assorted Advances Therapeutic Strategies of Inflammatory Arthritis | Chapter 13 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 7

 A type of inflammatory disease, arthritis is a complex group of conditions characterised by inflammation of the joints that can typically affect one or more joints, deformity, and disability. Various environmental and other causative factors affect approximately 100 different types of arthritis, but the two most common types are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis can also have inflammatory effects, frequently carnaging the joint carti over time, whereas rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that causes inflammatory joint symptoms in the body. Usage of biological agents targeting cytokines such as interleukin 1 (IL-1) alpha, beta, or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in synovial rheumatoid fibroblasts that are potent metalloproteinase inductors (MMPs). They are engaged actively in mutual destruction. Different clinical and demographic characteristics of arthritis play a central role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory markers and have made it possible to develop highly efficient assorted treatment strategies of wide synthetic or traditional drug applicability, including NSAIDs. Corticosteroids, cytotoxic medicines, etc., but these medicines are associated with major side effects, whereas herbal medicines such as Curcuma longa, Boswellia, are effective for mild to moderate forms of inflammatory arthritis and contribute to improved performance.

Author(s) Details

Sudhanshu Mishra
School of Pharmaceutical Science, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalay, Bhopal, India.

Disha Sharma
Dr M C Saxena College of Pharmacy, Lucknow, India.

Vikash Chaturvedi
LNCT University, Bhopal, India.

Sudhi Pandey
Swarrnim Startup & Innovation University, Gandhinagar, India.

Anshita Raghuvanshi
Dr M C Saxena College of Pharmacy, Lucknow, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/361

Rheumatoid Arthritis | Chapter 1 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 7

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a chronic polyarticular inflammatory disease which leads to swelling of the joints, deformity and loss of joint function. RA occurs in 1 to 3 percent of the adult population, with significantly more women than men affected. The body's immune system attacks its own tissue, including joints, during rheumatoid arthritis. It attacks internal organs in extreme cases. Joint linings are affected by rheumatoid arthritis, causing painful swelling. The inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis can cause bone erosion and joint deformity over long periods of time. While rheumatoid arthritis has no cure, physiotherapy and medication will help delay the progression of the disease.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Amit Lakhani

Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti Solan, India.

Dr. Ena Sharma
Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Dental Sciences and Research, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/361

An Observational Study on the Comparison of Vitamin D Serum Values between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Lupus Populations| Chapter 3 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 

The purpose of this study is to compare lupus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) VitD serum values in the geographical region of northeastern Iran. Lupus and RA patients with varying levels of disease activity were chosen. Similar quantities of VitD supplementation were obtained by all patients and selected  With the same criteria for inclusion and exclusion. A commercial ELISA kit measured the VitD serum values. SPSS-15 analysed the results. 148 SLE and 156 RA patients were examined in total. In the SLE group, VitD serum levels were 66.54±41.2 nmol / l, and in the RA group, 83.74±46.45 nmol / l. Statistical research found that serum levels of VitD were lower than those of RA in lupus patients (p=0.006). Compared to RA, lower VitD values in lupus patients can stem from intestinal malabsorption, higher doses of corticosteroid therapy, renal involvement and proteinuria, different VitD receptor polymorphisms, and more strategies for lupus patients to protect the sun.


Author (s) Details

Sahebari Maryam
Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Elham Atabati
Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. and Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.

Ravanshad Yalda
Clinical Research Development Unit, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
 
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Turmeric (Curcumin) as a Supplement in the Reduction of Inflammation in a Collagen-induced Arthritis Rat Model | Chapter 6 | New Insights into Disease and Pathogen Research Vol. 5

Aims: To assess the therapeutic effect of turmeric (curcumin) supplementation in modulating the expression of NF-κB in the joints of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research, International Medical University, Malaysia, between July 2011 and May 2012. Methodology: Arthritis was induced in each group of Dark Agouti (DA) rats, by intradermal injection with collagen emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant. Treatment groups which were induced with CIA were treated with: 500 mg/kg curcumin; 1000 mg/kg curcumin; 2000 mg/kg curcumin; 25 mg/kg aspirin. Combination treatment groups which were induced with CIA were treated with: 500 mg/kg curcumin and 25 mg/kg aspirin; 1000 mg/kg curcumin and 25 mg/kg aspirin; 2000 mg/kg curcumin and 25 mg/kg aspirin from day 25 to 38. Efficacy was assessed based on ability to reduce paw oedema, histopathological changes, NF-κB expression, serum tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) and gluthathione peroxidase (GPx) levels.  Results: Based on histopathological study, immunohistochemical scoring of NF-κB and ELISA analysis of TNF-α, IL-1β and GPx levels, our study found that curcumin given after arthritis in high doses, shows effects of healing and this results were comparable to positive control group, which is the arthritic group treated with 25 mg/kg aspirin. Curcumin given in combination with aspirin, showed better reduction in pathology in arthritic group compared to positive control group, especially with higher doses of curcumin. Conclusion: Curcumin was effective in reducing inflammatory changes seen in CIA joints which were proved through histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical analysis, however only at high doses.  

Author (s) Details

Srikumar Chakravarthi
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia.

Shanmugam Somasundaram
Faculty of Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.

Ammu Radhakrishnan
Department of Immunology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine, Monash University, Malaysia.

Premdass Ramdas
Faculty of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Nagaraja Haleagrahara
Faculty of Medicine, Health and Molecular Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.

Mangala Kumari
Faculty of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

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