Optimization of Anti-ssDNA Antibody Purification: A Comparative Study in SLE Patients | Chapter 2 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 10

 Background: The hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the production of an array of IgG and IgM auto-antibodies directed against one or more nuclear components, most commonly double-stranded (ds) DNA and/or single-stranded (ss) DNA. Both anti-ssDNA and anti-dsDNA antibodies are considered to be involved in disease development based on the fact that both have been eluted from the kidneys of experimental murine models and SLE patients.

Purpose: A two-step affinity purification method was compared, previously developed in-house, which utilizes biotinylated oligo-deoxythymidine (dT) bound streptavidin (SA) M-280 magnetic beads and protein G Dynabeads®, with Melon™ Gel, another two-step commercial method, for the isolation and purification of human anti-DNA autoantibodies reactive with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), to determine which method is more applicable for analysis of antibody subclasses and, potentially subclass functional activities.

Methodology: Whole blood was intravenously drawn with written consent and under the guidance of protocols approved by the Florida Atlantic University’s Institutional Review Board. To perform an IEF analysis, the samples of purified antibodies were applied to a gel (polyacrylamide) with the electric current applied to create migration using the Pharmacia PhastSystemTM and PhastGelTM IEF Gradient 3-9 separation gels, PhastGelTM buffer strips, and full-range rainbow molecular weight markers. Moreover, Western blot was used to determine the identity of an electrophoretically separated protein and to measure relative amounts of the protein present in different samples, based on densitometry.

Results: Although Melon Gel allowed for faster anti-ssDNA autoantibody purification and higher recovery rate, its final product was of lower purity than that of the magnetic bead method, as confirmed with the nanogram silver staining method following PhastGelTM non-reducing SDS-PAGE. The polyclonal nature of anti-ssDNA autoantibodies produced by patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) has been determined and compared with normal human, and B-Chronic Lymphocytic Leucosis- (B-CLL) anti-ssDNA autoantibodies. Analysis of isolated antibodies by isoelectric focusing, western blot analysis and ELISA confirmed them to be human IgGs and detected the presence of all four IgG antibody subclasses with different participation. Additionally, the Lab-on-chip (Agilent 2100) method revealed the presence of different MW patterns within lupus IgG subclasses, not detectable by SDS PAGE, which were not consistent with patterns seen in sera of control or individuals with B-CLL.

Conclusions: The results obtained suggest incomparably better purity of antibodies isolated via the magnetic bead method vs. Melon-gel. SDS-PAGE and Lab-on-chip analyses of antibodies revealed the presence of different IgG patterns within human lupus anti-ssDNA autoantibody subclasses than those observed in healthy individuals and B-CLL patients. The reason for different structural patterns of anti-ssDNA autoantibodies in SLE could be the product of genetic and epigenetic changes.  Activation of mutated genes and alternative epigenetic mechanisms can be involved in the production of pathogenic anti-DNA antibodies.

These patterns may be associated with SLE disease pathogenesis and highlight the importance of further molecular, structural, and functional studies of lupus anti-ssDNA antibodies.

 

Author (s) Details

 Anna Kats
Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, USA and Department of Health Sciences, South University, USA.

 

Mirjana Pavlovic
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, USA.

 

Ran Chen
Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, USA and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Texas, USA.

 

Michelle Cavallo
Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, USA.

 

James X. Hartmann
Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v10/2734

A Case of Fibrinous Pericardial Effusion: Tuberculosis Versus Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | Chapter 5 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 12

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disorder with varied presentations, ranging from nonspecific features like fever, malaise, and arthralgia to serious manifestations like serositis (pleural, pericardial effusions), neurological manifestations, and renal involvement (lupus nephritis). SLE is a great mimicker, especially for infections like tuberculosis (TB) which is rampant in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We report a case of massive pericardial effusion, which was initially diagnosed and treated as TB on clinico-radiological basis. The patient showed initial clinical improvement. But as the steroids were tapered and stopped, she developed new findings like joint pains, proteinuria, cytopenias, etc leading to reconsideration of diagnosis, which was later revised to SLE based on clinical and laboratory findings. This is one of the uncommon presentations of SLE, leading to misdiagnosis of tuberculosis especially in LMIC.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Kamal Joshi
Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.

 

Aman Elwadhi
Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.

 

Binita Poudel
Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.

 

Anukriti Agnihotry

Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.

 

Prashant K. Verma
Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v12/3789

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): As a Haematological Problem | Chapter 14 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 2

 This chapter gives some new observations on Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), based on case histories, after studying more than 400 cases in a referral centre. All these were patients who came as diagnostic problems and not with established diagnosis. SLE is a systemic autoimmune disease with multisystem involvement and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Genetic, immunological, endocrine, and environmental factors influence the loss of immunological tolerance against self-antigens leading to the formation of pathogenic autoantibodies that cause tissue damage through multiple mechanisms. SLE is the prototype of a systemic autoimmune disorders and is considered a rheumatological disorder, but our observations and studies have established that the commonest initial presentation in SLE is with haematological problems. Or they frequently present with concomitant haematological symptoms, even in the presence of other manifestations. This is only reasonable that the bulk of SLE clinical manifestations must be haematological in nature, because blood and blood vessels collectively carry more antigens than any other organ. The haematological presentations seen are Chronic ITP, Autoimmune Haemolysis, Autoimmune B12 deficiency, Iron deficiency anaemia, Evan’s syndrome, pancytopenia, MDS, refractory anaemias, Pure Red cell Aplasia, leukopenia, Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, lymphadenopathy with or without Hepatosplenomegaly, acquired clotting factor deficiencies, HELLP syndrome, TTP, myelofibrosis etc. In young females, if they present with one autoimmune disorder, it could be SLE in evolution, even if the tests for SLE are initially negative. If two or more autoimmune disorders are coexisting, it is almost always SLE, irrespective of the age. The criteria used for the diagnosis of SLE also need revision for the simple reason that relying too much on the existing criteria often leads to missing the diagnosis. Our observation was that only very few patients satisfied the ACR criteria for diagnosis. Therefore, it is evident that by several ways SLE qualifies to be called as a haematological disorder or else it should be considered only as an Internal Medicine problem. The fact is that clinical judgment is superior to laboratory diagnosis, but we need both of them. An alternative criterion for the diagnosis of SLE, which we have developed, the Kozhikode Criteria’ is given in the end. The etiology of SLE is largely unknown, but the observations suggest that it could be due to improper diet, lifestyle and probably some problems in their environment.

Author(s) Details:

P. K. Sasidharan,
Department of Medicine and Hematology, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V2/article/view/13167

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Autoimmune Vasculitis: A Rare Study of SLE-Anca Vasculitis Overlap Syndrome | Chapter 4 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

 This record of what happened wants to highlight the significance of taking SLE-AAV overlap into report in patients the one have symptoms that are similar to those in the case report and to underline the importance of making an early disease because a delayed disease can be fateful. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) distinct from one another while having corresponding clinical traits. It is uncommon for SLE and AAV to co-occur as coinciding conditions, that makes disease challenging. Here, we present an unusual merger of hemorrhagic stroke, SLE, and AAV that has only ever happened documented once. Multiple beneficial autoantibodies complicated the disease, but a kidney biopsy disclosed the true cause and helped at the beginning of immunosuppressive cure. Standard early surgical measures to lower excessive intracranial pressure were unsuccessful for the patient, but she considerably improved afterwards starting immunosuppressive medication, professed a temporal links.

Author(s) Details:

Sujith K. Palleti,
Nephrology, Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, USA and Nephrology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, USA.

Hanna Larson,
Internal Medicine, Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, USA and Internal Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, USA.

Sreekant Avula,
Endocrinology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.

Maria M. Picken,
Nephrology, Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, USA and Nephrology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, USA.

Anuradha Wadhwa,
Nephrology, Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, USA and Nephrology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V7/article/view/11034

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Review | Chapter 5 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 6

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multisystemic, heterogeneous autoimmune disease. Systemic lupus erythematosus can affect any tissues, organs, or even entire systems because it is a multisystem illness. Lupus comes in a variety of forms, such as cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), which affects the skin and results in a malar rash, discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), which affects one or more internal organs, and systemic lupus erythematosus. The damage is brought on by immune complex deposition as well as inflammation brought on by direct antibody responses to biological tissues. In addition to counselling and raising awareness, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and anti-malarials are the combo treatment used to treat SLE. SLE is the most common kind of lupus erythematosus, and women are six times more likely than males to have it. People of all ages are afflicted, but women between the ages of 20 and 45 are the ones who are most frequently impacted. Chronic and acute inflammation of different bodily parts is a hallmark of the autoimmune illness lupus. When the body's own immune system attacks its own tissues, autoimmune disorders result.

Author(s) Details:

Nasrin Habib,
Department of Physiology, Quest International University, Malaysia.

Sellaiah S. Pillay,
Consultant Radiologist, Quest International University, Malaysia Quest International University, Malaysia.

Tahmina Afrose,
Department of Community Medicine AIMST University FOM; AIMST University; Malaysia.

Mamunur Rashid,
Department of Medicine, Quest International University, Malaysia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V6/article/view/7245

An Observational Study on the Comparison of Vitamin D Serum Values between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Lupus Populations| Chapter 3 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 

The purpose of this study is to compare lupus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) VitD serum values in the geographical region of northeastern Iran. Lupus and RA patients with varying levels of disease activity were chosen. Similar quantities of VitD supplementation were obtained by all patients and selected  With the same criteria for inclusion and exclusion. A commercial ELISA kit measured the VitD serum values. SPSS-15 analysed the results. 148 SLE and 156 RA patients were examined in total. In the SLE group, VitD serum levels were 66.54±41.2 nmol / l, and in the RA group, 83.74±46.45 nmol / l. Statistical research found that serum levels of VitD were lower than those of RA in lupus patients (p=0.006). Compared to RA, lower VitD values in lupus patients can stem from intestinal malabsorption, higher doses of corticosteroid therapy, renal involvement and proteinuria, different VitD receptor polymorphisms, and more strategies for lupus patients to protect the sun.


Author (s) Details

Sahebari Maryam
Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Elham Atabati
Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. and Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.

Ravanshad Yalda
Clinical Research Development Unit, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
 
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