Rheumatoid Arthritis | Chapter 1 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 7

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is a chronic polyarticular inflammatory disease which leads to swelling of the joints, deformity and loss of joint function. RA occurs in 1 to 3 percent of the adult population, with significantly more women than men affected. The body's immune system attacks its own tissue, including joints, during rheumatoid arthritis. It attacks internal organs in extreme cases. Joint linings are affected by rheumatoid arthritis, causing painful swelling. The inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis can cause bone erosion and joint deformity over long periods of time. While rheumatoid arthritis has no cure, physiotherapy and medication will help delay the progression of the disease.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Amit Lakhani

Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College and Hospital, Kumarhatti Solan, India.

Dr. Ena Sharma
Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Dental Sciences and Research, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/361

Immuno-inflammatory Aspects of Interleukin-21 in Periodontal Sequelae: Current Development | Chapter 16 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol.2

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) has a dual anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory role in chronic inflammation. It causes breakdown of other surrounding hard and soft tissues by coupling with other destructive mediators, along with increasing several other proinflammatory cytokines. This chapter describes concepts in relation to effects of IL-21 on critical immune cells of both innate and adaptive immune systems, and how the cytokine evades its deactivation through a positive feedback loop. The chapter also reports results of an original study regarding quantification of IL-21 among types of periodontitis and comparing its levels to healthy subjects. Previous literature and our current study results suggest that IL-21 has a definite role in chronic and acute kind of inflammatory progression. Although, further longitudinal studies will strengthen its evidence to be characterized as a true diagnostic periodontal marker.  

Author (s) Details

Dr. Archana Mootha
Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/190