Leaf Senescence in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) Triggered by Drought Stress | Chapter 3 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 2

Wheat is a globally important cereal crop whose productivity is often constrained by drought stress, which accelerates leaf senescence. This study investigated the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of natural and drought-induced senescence in wheat genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance. Plants were cultivated under controlled conditions, with drought stress imposed by terminating irrigation after the booting stage. Flag leaves were sampled at 7 (early grain filling), 14 (mid grain filling), 21 (late grain filling), 28 (milk ripeness), and 35 (dough ripeness) days after anthesis. Physiological parameters, including chlorophyll and total protein content, membrane stability index, malondialdehyde level, proline accumulation, and activities of antioxidant enzymes—superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, benzidine peroxidase, and catalase—were assessed. Additionally, expression profiles of SOD isoform genes (Cu/Zn-SOD, Fe-SOD, Mn-SOD) and WRKY transcription factors (WRKY14, WRKY36) were analyzed.

Cu/Zn-SOD expression increased during senescence, peaking at the milk ripeness stage in naturally senescing plants and at the late grain filling stage in stress-treated plants, followed by a sharp decline. Fe-SOD expression remained high until late grain filling, then decreased sharply with advancing senescence, showing a consistent association with drought tolerance, as transcript levels were significantly higher in tolerant genotypes of both wheat species. Mn-SOD expression increased steadily throughout senescence in most variants, reaching its maximum at the dough ripeness stage. WRKY36 expression was upregulated in drought-tolerant genotypes under stress, while WRKY14 was more closely linked to senescence progression. Drought-tolerant genotypes also exhibited slower chlorophyll degradation, reduced lipid peroxidation, improved membrane stability, enhanced antioxidant activity, and higher proline accumulation.

These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular and physiological responses of wheat to drought stress, highlighting key traits and gene expression patterns associated with stress tolerance and delayed senescence. This integrated understanding offers a solid foundation for the development of selection strategies and breeding programs aimed at enhancing wheat performance under water-limited conditions.

 

Author (s) Details

Samira M. Rustamova
Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, AZ1073 Baku, Azerbaijan.

 

Durna R. Aliyeva
Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, AZ1073 Baku, Azerbaijan.

 

Turana Y. Isgandarova
Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, AZ1073 Baku, Azerbaijan.

 

Irada M. Huseynova
Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, AZ1073 Baku, Azerbaijan.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v2/5336

Possible Association between Resistin Gene -420 C/G Polymorphism and Its Expression and Clinicopathology in Women with Breast Cancer | Chapter 13 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

 Breast cancer begins in any part of the breast, caused by abnormal cell growth and division. The adipose tissue is metabolically and immunologically active, which may provide the link between obesity and breast cancer. The Resistin gene is located on chromosome 19p13.3 and 12.5 kDa protein, mainly expressed by macrophages in humans. To explore the relationship between resistin gene -420 C/G polymorphism and breast cancer in south India, We genotyped 154 patients with breast cancer and 142 healthy control subjects, using a PCR-RFLP method. We have also analyzed the gene expression of the resistin gene in 30 breast carcinoma tumours and corresponding control tissues. Gene expression analyses were performed at the mRNA level by RT-PCR. Genomic DNA was isolated by the salting-out method from the tissue samples of the cases and peripheral blood samples of the control group. The quantity of recovered DNA was determined spectrophotometrically. The frequencies of RETN C4-20C, C-420G and G-420G were 83.5%, 17.8%, and 1.4% in the breast cancer group and 89.5%, 4.0% and 0.0% in the control group. The results of our study indicate that the 420 C/G genotype showed 2.6-fold increased risk of breast cancer (p = 0.05). Whereas individuals with joint genotypes (CG/GG) showed 1.79-fold increased risk of breast cancer. In our study, we have also clearly found significantly higher expression in breast cancer tissues in comparison with control tissues (P =0.002). The incidence of breast cancer cases and a control group was higher in the age groups 41-50 years when compared to other age groups, and the incidence was very low in the age group 61-70 years. The frequency of overweight and obese patients and control showed a high Body Mass Index (BMI). In conclusion, our results suggest that resistin gene -420 C/G polymorphism is significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer in obese women. However, there was a significant association between resistin expression levels and -420 C/G polymorphism in the patients. The -420 C/G polymorphism may play a role in inducing breast cancer risk by altering the expression level of the resistin gene.

Author(s) Details:

Mohan Reddy N.,
Department of Genetics, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Center, Hyderabad -04, A.P, India.

Kalyan Kumar Ch.,
Department of Genetics, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Center, Hyderabad -04, A.P, India.

Kaiser Jamil,
Department of Genetics, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Center, Hyderabad -04, A.P, India.

Lakshmi Narasu M.,
Institute of Science & Technology, JNT University, Hyderabad, A.P, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V1/article/view/13910

A Study on Postpartum Depression: Is it All About Genes? | Chapter 5 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 4

Postpartum depression (PPD) refers to moderate or severe depression in a woman after she has given birth. This study investigated gene expression in euthymic women with a history of postpartum depression without any clinical signs of the disease at the onset of the study. The chosen hypothesis of this study is that stable modifications in gene expression might be involved in PPD development. The results demonstrated the extremely significant difference in gene expression signature (352 highly differentially expressed genes) in the women with a history of postpartum depression as compared to the control women without any previous psychiatric disorders. This understanding of the molecular events involved in the disease is crucial for its successful treatment. This finding will play an important role in the medical field as the identified genes appear to be potential markers of predisposition to depression.

Author(s) Details:

Landsman Anna,
Nursing Department, Lev Academic Center (JCT), Tal Institute, Jerusalem, Israel.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V4/article/view/13175

Metallothioneins and Their Influence on Bone Metabolism in Patients with Down Syndrome: Application to Dental Implants and Periodontitis | Chapter 11 | Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 In this deoxyribonucleic acid validation study, we destined to verify the results of our first deoxyribonucleic acid expression analysis. Metallothionein’s (MTs) are the lower microscopic weight (6-7 kDa) proteins that are raise to be present in principal part organism types varying from prokaryotes to eukaryotes species. MT are the metal detecting proteins that can diminish the effect caused apiece excess alloy ions. The study was descriptive and practical, and the only invasive procedures acted on patients were the group of a small amount of ancestry and a dental examination.  We acted retrotranscription (RT-qPCR) of 11 RNA-to-cDNA samples using the SuperScript™ VILO™ kit (50; remark 1176605) from Thermo Fisher. We conducted the study utilizing the real-period PCR technique on the q-PCR ViiA 7 floor from Thermo Fisher. We chose the format of the Taqman Array Plate 16 Plus (citation 4413261) from Thermo Fisher, which shelters 12 genes plus four controls (GAPDH, 18S, ACTB, and HPRT1). We conducted the study of the plates using the Thermo Fisher Cloud Web Software. The results of changed MT expression that were first written came from the comparison middle from two points Down’s Syndrome patients accompanying periodontal disease and insert failure (PD+RI+) following in position or time two years of progression against Down’s syndrome sufferers without periodontal affliction and with a beneficial progression of their implants (PD-RI-). The results obtained through deoxyribonucleic acid validation study show that in PD+RI+ patients, the genes encrypting the isoforms MT1F (FD 0.3; p = 0.039), MT1X (FD 338; p = 0.0078), MT1E (FD 307; p = 0.0358), and MT2A (FD 252; p = 0.0428) continue to show downregulation, inasmuch as MT1B (FD 2.75; p = 0.580), MT1H (FD 281; p = 0.152), MT1L (FD 354; p = 0.0965), and MT1G (FD 336; p = 0.0749) no longer show statistically significant results. According to our results, metallotein absorption is related to cartilage metabolism disorders that influence the course of periodontitis and the deficiency of dental implants in subjects with Down syndrome.

Author(s) Details:

Maria Baus-Dominguez,
Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.

Raquel Gomez-Diaz,
Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Seville, Spain.

Jose-Luis Gutierrez-Perez,
Oral Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Unit, Virgen del Rocio Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.

Daniel Torres-Lagares,
Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.

Guillermo Machuca-Portillo,
Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.

Maria-Angeles Serrera-Figallo,
Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V6/article/view/11483

Priming Leukemia with 5-Azacytidine Enhances CAR T Cell Therapy: A Recent Study | Chapter 6 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

 Despite the success of fantastic antigen receptor( Auto) T cells in clinical studies, a significant proportion of responding cases ultimately regressed, with the ultimate relating with low Auto T cell expansion and continuity.

Using case- deduced xenograft( PDX) mouse models of CD19 B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia( B- ALL), we show that priming leukemia- bearing mice with 5- azacytidine( AZA) enhances Auto T cell remedy. AZA given 1 day previous to Auto T cell infusion delayed leukemia growth and promoted Auto T cell expansion and effector function. Priming leukemia cells with AZA increased Auto T cell/ target cell conjugation and target cell payoff, promoted Auto T cell divisions and expanded IFNγ effector T cells in cocultures with CD19 leukemia Nalm- 6 and Raji cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed activation of different vulnerable pathways in leukemia cells insulated from mice treated with AZA. We propose that epigenetic priming with AZA induces transcriptional changes that acclimatize excrescence cells to posterior Auto T cell treatment. Among the seeker genes up- regulated by AZA is TNFSF4 which encodes OX40L, one of the strongest T cell co- stimulatory ligands. OX40L binds OX40, the TNF receptor superfamily member largely specific for actuated T cells. TNFSF4 is heterogeneously expressed in a panel of pediatric PDXs, and high TNFSF4 expression identified with increased Auto T cell figures linked inco-cultures with individual PDXs. High OX40L expression in Nalm- 6 cells increased their vulnerability to Auto T cell payoff while OX40L leaguer reduced leukemia cell payoff.

Conclusion We propose that treatment with AZA activates OX40L/ OX40co-stimulatory signaling in Auto T cells. Our data suggest that the clinical use of AZA before CAR T cells could be considered.

Author(s) Details:

Ning Xu,
Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia and School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Benjamin Tse,
Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia and School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Lu Yang,
Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia and School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Tiffany C. Y. Tang,
Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia and School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Michelle Haber,
Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia and School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Kenneth Micklethwaite,
Department of Hematology, Blood Transplant and Cell Therapies Program, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia and Sydney Cellular Therapies Laboratory, NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Alla Dolnikov,
Children’s Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia and School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V3/article/view/8380

An Emerging Approach for Patient Stratification and Therapy Choice : “High” and “Low” Gene Expression Signatures in Rheumatoid Arthritis | Chapter 01 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory illness with an unknown cause that affects several immune system pathways, as well as a variety of other tissues, and is linked to joint deterioration. The pathophysiological and pharmacological factors that lead to joint deterioration and pain induction are not addressed by current treatments. Furthermore, RA patients are exceedingly diverse, necessitating specialised medications, which are difficult to choose because not all patients respond to treatment. Currently, in approximately half of RA patients, clinical, immunological, and radiological features do not allow for the prediction of anti-rheumatic medication response. According to new research, stratifying individuals based on their pro-inflammatory gene expression levels may help predict response to RA medication.

Author(S) Details

Elena V. Tchetina
Principal Investigator, Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, 34A Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115522, Russia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V3/article/view/6330