Genetic Diversity of Gloriosa superba Mutants | Chapter 4 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

 

The mutation breeding to assess character association, direct and indirect influence of characters on seed yield in the induced mutants of Glory lily and to assess the genetic variation among mutants by ISSR profile was carried out. The analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the treatments for most of the traits. Estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation for the selected traits in VM2 generation were in general slightly higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation indicating the influence of environmental factors on these traits. High heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean were recorded for most of the characters under the study indicating a better scope for further selection. Differential patterns resulted in ISSR analysis indicating the polymorphism created by induced mutagenesis, creating scope for the selection of desirable mutants in G. superba.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Anandhi, S.
Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, SRM College of Agricultural Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Kanimozhi, C.
Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, SRM College of Agricultural Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Rajamani, K.
Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, SRM College of Agricultural Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/racas/v8/3866G

An In silico Analysis of Deleterious Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Human Lysozyme C Gene |Chapter 1 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 3

 Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) play a critical role in

influencing a person's susceptibility to diseases and in determining how an

individual reacts to various treatment options. It is crucial to differentiate and

characterize damaging SNPs from neutral ones and the aim of this study was to

predict the deleterious SNPs of the lysozyme C (LYZ C) gene via an in silico

analysis. LYZ C is an important antimicrobial peptide capable of damaging the

peptidoglycan layer of bacteria leading to osmotic shock and cell death.

Methods: The missense nonsynonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) of the LYZ C gene were

subjected to different computational tools- SIFT, PolyPhen v2, SNAP, PROVEAN, 

PhD-SNP, and SNPs & GO. Deleterious SNPs as predicted by these tools were

examined by I-Mutant 3.0 and ConSurf. GeneMANIA and STRING tools were used

to study the interaction network of the LYZ C gene. The impact of variations on the

structural characteristics of the protein was studied by HOPE analysis. The

structures of variants and wild types were predicted by the SWISS-MODEL web

server and the TM-align tool was used to predict the root mean square deviation

(RMSD) and template modeling (TM) scores.

Results: Eight missense nsSNPs (T88N, I74T, F75I, D67H, W82R, D85H, R80C,

and R116S) of the LYZ C gene were found to be potentially deleterious. I-mutant

3.0 determined the variants that decreased the stability of the protein. ConSurf

predicted rs121913547, rs121913549, and rs387906536 nsSNPs to be conserved.

Interaction network tools showed that LYZ C protein interacted with lactoferrin

(LTF). HOPE tool analyzed differences in physicochemical properties between

wild type and variants. TM-align tool predicted the alignment score and the protein

 

folding was found to be identical. PYMOL was used to visualize the

superimposition of variants over wild types. 

Conclusion: The present study ascertained the deleterious missense nsSNPs of

the LYZ C gene and could be used in further experimental analysis. These high

risk nsSNPs could be used as molecular targets for diagnostic and therapeutic

interventions.

 

Author(s) Details

 

Harini Venkata Subbiah

Human Genetics Research Centre, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher

Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600100, India.

 

Dr. Usha Subbiah

Human Genetics Research Centre, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher

Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600100, India.

 

Please see the link here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v3/3602G

Possible Association between Resistin Gene -420 C/G Polymorphism and Its Expression and Clinicopathology in Women with Breast Cancer | Chapter 13 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

 Breast cancer begins in any part of the breast, caused by abnormal cell growth and division. The adipose tissue is metabolically and immunologically active, which may provide the link between obesity and breast cancer. The Resistin gene is located on chromosome 19p13.3 and 12.5 kDa protein, mainly expressed by macrophages in humans. To explore the relationship between resistin gene -420 C/G polymorphism and breast cancer in south India, We genotyped 154 patients with breast cancer and 142 healthy control subjects, using a PCR-RFLP method. We have also analyzed the gene expression of the resistin gene in 30 breast carcinoma tumours and corresponding control tissues. Gene expression analyses were performed at the mRNA level by RT-PCR. Genomic DNA was isolated by the salting-out method from the tissue samples of the cases and peripheral blood samples of the control group. The quantity of recovered DNA was determined spectrophotometrically. The frequencies of RETN C4-20C, C-420G and G-420G were 83.5%, 17.8%, and 1.4% in the breast cancer group and 89.5%, 4.0% and 0.0% in the control group. The results of our study indicate that the 420 C/G genotype showed 2.6-fold increased risk of breast cancer (p = 0.05). Whereas individuals with joint genotypes (CG/GG) showed 1.79-fold increased risk of breast cancer. In our study, we have also clearly found significantly higher expression in breast cancer tissues in comparison with control tissues (P =0.002). The incidence of breast cancer cases and a control group was higher in the age groups 41-50 years when compared to other age groups, and the incidence was very low in the age group 61-70 years. The frequency of overweight and obese patients and control showed a high Body Mass Index (BMI). In conclusion, our results suggest that resistin gene -420 C/G polymorphism is significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer in obese women. However, there was a significant association between resistin expression levels and -420 C/G polymorphism in the patients. The -420 C/G polymorphism may play a role in inducing breast cancer risk by altering the expression level of the resistin gene.

Author(s) Details:

Mohan Reddy N.,
Department of Genetics, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Center, Hyderabad -04, A.P, India.

Kalyan Kumar Ch.,
Department of Genetics, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Center, Hyderabad -04, A.P, India.

Kaiser Jamil,
Department of Genetics, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Center, Hyderabad -04, A.P, India.

Lakshmi Narasu M.,
Institute of Science & Technology, JNT University, Hyderabad, A.P, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V1/article/view/13910

Nucleolar Organizer Region (NOR) Polymorphism in Some Indian Anuran Amphibian | Chapter 12 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 8

 The amphibians are the first vertebrate class to colonize the terrestrial environment from the aquatic environment, originating from Crossopterygian fishes in the late Devonian period. They have been the subject of various investigations because of their position in the phylogenetic history, morphological peculiarity, low diploid chromosome number with elongated metaphase chromosome and controversial nature of sex determination. The Indian subcontinent is rich in amphibian fauna. Still, the cytogenetical studies, particularly the karyomorphological study about the distribution of constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolar organizer region (NOR), need to be more detailed. The present book chapter has, therefore, been oriented to describe Amphibia's biology briefly. In addition, cytogenetics of Amphibia with particular reference to constitutive heterochromatin distribution and nucleolar organizer region polymorphism in some Indian anurans such as bufonids, ranids and rhacophorids were written.

 

Conventional staining of mitotic metaphase stages of Bufonid species studied possess symmetrical karyotypes with 2n= 22 and NF = 44. The Ranid and Rhacophorid species the author studied possess symmetrical karyotypes with 2n= 26 and NF = 52. Interestingly, nucleolar organizer region or secondary constriction (SC) region staining by HCl-trypsin digestion and AgNO3 or N-banding technique showed that the number, size and position of NORs are variable in the different species as well in different individuals of the same species. NOR heteromorphism concerning size was also noted between homologous chromosomes of some individuals. The NOR heteromorphism about intraspecific and interspecific variability in size, number and location of chromosomes is very interesting. It would be helpful to solve the phylogenetic relationship among the different species of amphibians.

Author(s) Details:

Samarendra Nath Banerjee,
Department of Zoology, Rammohan College, 102/1 Raja Rammohan Sarani, Kolkata – 700009, West Bengal, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V8/article/view/13619

The Impact of Mutations: The Future of Cancer | Chapter 4 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 3

 Can malignancy be predicted early? Why are crowd born color blind? How are mutations passed on? From inability to distinguish one or more colors, muscular dystrophy, and tumor to even the polymorphism that happens to cause blue eyes, mutations are a crucial field to understand in the experimental community. Mutations are alterations in hereditary sequences, such as when the body codes for the wrong deoxyribonucleic acid, whether it develop an environmental determinant or an intrinsic factor. In this item, we will explain by what method cancerous mutations work, and address potential habits to improve cancer disease and treatment from now on.

Author(s) Details:

Preet Sharma,
University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V3/article/view/11603

Correlation between Human Leukocyte Antigen Gene Polymorphism and COVID-19: Incidence and Severity | Chapter 11 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7

 Age and the existence of coexisting metabolic disorders such obesity, diabetes, and hypertension have been identified as risk factors for the severity of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection. To emphasise the potential impact of human leukocyte antigen gene variation on the treatment of COVID-19 patients, a literature search was conducted. It was found that human leucocyte antigens and a higher risk of COVID-19 might be related. Additionally, both HLA-G and HLA-E might cause immunological tolerance. They could, in fact, block innate and adaptive immune reactions. An aggravated immune response brought on by viral infection in the host is the main factor in the pathophysiological processes of SARS-CoV-2. In severe cases, an overpowering immune response leads to an inflammatory cytokine storm that seriously damages tissue and leads to multiple organ failures.

Author(s) Details:

Mohamed Ahmed Raslan,
Drug Research Center, Cairo, Egypt and  Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

Eslam Mansour Shehata,
Drug Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.

Sara Ahmed Raslan,
Drug Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.

Nagwa Ali Sabri,
Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V7/article/view/8374

Prevalence of Gene Polymorphism for Menopausal Women with Cardiovascular Disease: A Study from Punjab, India | Chapter 20 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the +276 G/T polymorphism in the AdipoQ gene in menopausal Punjabi women with and without a family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as whether a positive family history of CVD has any specific independent effect on cardiovascular disease in menopausal Punjabi women. The Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research in Amritsar, Punjab, recruited 265 menopausal women with CVD as cases and 258 menopausal women without CVD as controls (India). The relationship between ADIPOQ SNPs, adiponectin levels, and cardiometabolic illnesses could be hampered by a number of causes or mechanisms. Family history prevalence varies depending on the age at which it is assessed. CVD aggregation in families may be linked to the accumulation of specific risk factors, such as those listed above, or specific behaviours, like as smoking and alcohol consumption, which may be influenced by hereditary and environmental variables. In cases with positive familial h/o of CVD, the TT genotype of recessive model of inheritance gave a 6-fold increased risk of CVD compared to controls, according to the study. The prevalence of the TT genotype was observed to be higher in cases than controls in both women with and without family history of CVD. To reduce illness burden, new treatment strategies can be created. Furthermore, there is a pressing need for a stronger public health-care system.

Author(S) Details

Jyot Amrita
Department of Biochemistry, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Amritsar, Punjab-143001, India.

A. J. S. Bhanwer
Department of Genetics, Sri Guru Ram Das University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, Punjab-143001, India.

A. P. Singh
Department of Anesthesia, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V6/article/view/5694

Morpho-physiological and Molecular Characterization of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] Germplam Lines for Drought Tolerance | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 5

 The goal of this study was to see if there was any genetic variation among different pearl millet germplasm lines using a combination of drought-related morpho-physiological characteristics and SSR molecular markers. Study Design: 96 pearl millet germplasm lines were tested for drought resistance utilising morphological and physiological parameters as well as SSR markers in this study. The current study was carried out from July 2019 to December 2020 at the College of Agriculture, Gwalior, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, M.P., India. The study's goal was to document several morphological and physiological features associated with drought resistance and susceptibility. In the lab, 35 microsatellite markers were utilised to examine the variability among the pearl millet genotypes under investigation. The genotypes of pearl millet were classified based on their morpho-physiological properties. Twenty-two of the 35 SSR markers were effectively amplified across all germplasm lines, with seven SSR markers being polymorphic and fifteen being monomorphic. As a result, all seven polymorphic SSR markers were employed to amplify all 96 germplasm lines. PIC values ranged from 0.0939 to 0.2980, with an average of 0.2274. The markers Xibmsp26 and Xibmsp29 (0.2980) had the highest PIC value, followed by Xibmsp03 (0.2392), Xibmsp29 (0.2392), Xibmsp06 (0.2289), and Xibmsp07 (0.1948). The marker Xibmsp01 had the lowest PIC value (0.0939). The average major allele frequency value was 0.8363, with a range of 0.7604 to 0.9479. The genetic diversity value ranged from 0.0987 to 0.3644, with a mean of 0.2665. Conclusions: A total of 22 pearl millet genotypes were discovered to be clustered distantly from the rest of the genotypes based on morpho-physiological data. These genotypes may be drought tolerant since they are linked to drought tolerant morpho-physiological features, although the majority of the genotypes were found to be drought vulnerable.

Author (S) Details

M. L. Choudhary

Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, 474002 (M.P.), India.

M. K. Tripathi

Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, 474002 (M.P.), India.

Sushma Tiwari

Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, 474002 (M.P.), India.

R. K. Pandya

Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, 474002 (M.P.), India.

Neha Gupta

Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, 474002 (M.P.), India.

Niraj Tripathi

Directorate of Research Services, JN Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, India.

Prerana Parihar

Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, 474002 (M.P.), India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V5/article/view/4100

Influence of Additive L-phenylalanine on Stabilization of Metastable α-Form of L-glutamic Acid in Cooling Crystallization: A Scientific Explanation | Chapter 1 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 9

 In cooling crystallisation, the effect of the additive amino acid L-phenylalanine on the stabilisation of the metastable -form of L-glutamic acid was examined. The qualities of a solid product are directly determined through crystallisation, which is an effective process for purification, separation, and particles. The addition L-phenylalanine was shown to be effective in stabilising the pure metastable -form in L-glutamic acid crystallisation in this investigation. At an L-glutamic acid concentration of 30-45 (g/L), an additive concentration of 0.05-0.1 (g/L) was sufficient to stabilise the 100 percent wt metastable-form in the solid product. Furthermore, the current findings revealed that additive L-phenylalanine adsorption on the (001) surface of the -form was more favourable than that of the -form molecular, resulting in additive molecular occupying the nucleation sites of stable -form, inhibiting nucleation and growth of -form and permitting metastable -form stabilisation.

Author(s) Details

Anh-Tuan Nguyen
Institute of Chemical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V9/article/view/1009