Research Perspectives on Plasmodium knowlesi Malaria | Chapter 15 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 This phase explores the various aspects of research in malaria containing risk factors, disease, treatment, microscopic and functional studies, mainly attracting on publications from the last five age. Plasmodium knowlesi is a zoonotic malaria bloodsucker that has gained growing medical interest over the past two decades. This zoonotic parasitical infection is superior in Southeast Asia and causes many cases with dangerous pathology.In almost all of Southeast Asia's nations, as well as with visitors replying from these nations, human instances of human knowlesi have been written since the 2004 disclosure of a significant aggregation of cases in Sarawak. There are several factors superior to the increase of reported P. knowlesi cases. These involve better diagnostic ability, decreasing human malaria cases that in turn reduces relative exemption, increased knowledge to P. knowlesi and close proximity of persons with natural repository hosts or infected headings due to changes cruel land use. Microscopy is the gold standard for malaria disease but has its restraints as ring forms of P. knowlesi resemble P. falciparum and trophozoites and schizonts feature those of P. malariae, and hence cannot be reliably changed. In-depth population historical studies for both human and anthropoid isolates are needed to shed light on likely human-to-human transmission of P. knowlesi and more basically for us to understand the ailment epidemiology and to guide knowlesi infection control.

Author(s) Details:

Amirah Amir,
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Fei Wen Cheong,
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Meng Yee Lai,
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Wen-Chyau Lee,
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Jeremy Ryan de Silva,
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Jonathan Wee Kent Liew,
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Yee Ling Lau,
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V4/article/view/12484

Thermodynamic Equation of the Pedostructure Hydric Conductivity | Chapter 1 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 8

The dynamics of water in a soil pedostructure sample whose interior environment is exposed to a potential gradient caused by the evaporation of water from the surface is the topic of this article. The findings and recommendations of a basic theoretical investigation into the molecular thermodynamic equilibrium of the two aqueous phases of the soil pedostructure are the exclusive subject of this paper. In this article, the systemic paradigm of hydrostructural pedology serves as a reminder of the novel ideas and descriptive variables of the hydro-thermodynamic equilibrium state of the soil medium that were established at the molecular level of the fluid phases of the pedostructure (water and air) in a previous article. They go beyond the traditional mono-scale description of soil water dynamics and provide access to the molecular description of water movement in the soil pedostructure. We have specifically examined and physically defined the water flux in the soil pedostructure at its three levels of organisational scale: the Eulerian flux at the macroscopic level of the entire pedostructure sample, the real flux of the two aqueous phases of the pedostructure through the inter primary-aggregates space, and the molecular flux of the mobile aqueous phase in the inter primary-aggregates space. For each of these fluxes at each of the three scale levels, the continuity equation can be written, and it is this continuity equation that establishes the space/time ratio required to construct the thermodynamic equation for water conductivity. The experimental findings completely support the theory, supporting the framework's systematic approach in the process.

Author(s) Details:

Erik Braudeau,

IRD, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, France and Valorhiz - Parc scientifique Agropolis, F34980 Montferrier sur Lez, France.

Rabi H. Mohtar,

Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon and Department Biological and Agricultural Engineering (BAEN), Zachry Department Civil and Environmental Engineering (CVEN), Texas A&M University, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V8/article/view/7394

Morpho-physiological and Molecular Characterization of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] Germplam Lines for Drought Tolerance | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 5

 The goal of this study was to see if there was any genetic variation among different pearl millet germplasm lines using a combination of drought-related morpho-physiological characteristics and SSR molecular markers. Study Design: 96 pearl millet germplasm lines were tested for drought resistance utilising morphological and physiological parameters as well as SSR markers in this study. The current study was carried out from July 2019 to December 2020 at the College of Agriculture, Gwalior, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, M.P., India. The study's goal was to document several morphological and physiological features associated with drought resistance and susceptibility. In the lab, 35 microsatellite markers were utilised to examine the variability among the pearl millet genotypes under investigation. The genotypes of pearl millet were classified based on their morpho-physiological properties. Twenty-two of the 35 SSR markers were effectively amplified across all germplasm lines, with seven SSR markers being polymorphic and fifteen being monomorphic. As a result, all seven polymorphic SSR markers were employed to amplify all 96 germplasm lines. PIC values ranged from 0.0939 to 0.2980, with an average of 0.2274. The markers Xibmsp26 and Xibmsp29 (0.2980) had the highest PIC value, followed by Xibmsp03 (0.2392), Xibmsp29 (0.2392), Xibmsp06 (0.2289), and Xibmsp07 (0.1948). The marker Xibmsp01 had the lowest PIC value (0.0939). The average major allele frequency value was 0.8363, with a range of 0.7604 to 0.9479. The genetic diversity value ranged from 0.0987 to 0.3644, with a mean of 0.2665. Conclusions: A total of 22 pearl millet genotypes were discovered to be clustered distantly from the rest of the genotypes based on morpho-physiological data. These genotypes may be drought tolerant since they are linked to drought tolerant morpho-physiological features, although the majority of the genotypes were found to be drought vulnerable.

Author (S) Details

M. L. Choudhary

Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, 474002 (M.P.), India.

M. K. Tripathi

Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, 474002 (M.P.), India.

Sushma Tiwari

Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, 474002 (M.P.), India.

R. K. Pandya

Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, 474002 (M.P.), India.

Neha Gupta

Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, 474002 (M.P.), India.

Niraj Tripathi

Directorate of Research Services, JN Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, India.

Prerana Parihar

Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, 474002 (M.P.), India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V5/article/view/4100

Biochemical and Molecular Pathogenetic Mechanisms behind Causation of Parkinson’s Disease | Chapter 16 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol.4

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder that affects approximately 1 million persons in the United States. It is characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, gait disturbance and postural instability. Its pathological features include degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta coupled with intracytoplasmic inclusions known as Lewy bodies. Neurodegeneration and Lewy bodies can also be found in locus ceruleus, nucleus basalis, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, cranial nerve motor nuclei, and central & peripheral components of autonomic nervous system. The appearance of Lewy-body-like inclusions in nigrostriatal terminals might be followed by retrograde degeneration, further accumulation of aggregated proteins in nigral cell bodies and, finally, reactive gliosis and cell death. In familial forms of Parkinson’s disease, linked to mutations in α-synuclein, it is proposed that a loss of normal function of this protein, as well as a toxic effect of altered forms of the mutant protein, promote the accumulation of dopamine in cytoplasm. This would result in oxidative stress, leading to the onset of neurodegenerative changes mentioned above. Finally, we review evidence for a role of α-synuclein in synaptic vesicle recycling& suggest that impaired function of this protein might lead to accumulation of dopamine in cytoplasm. This could be the final deleterious event that triggers the death of nigral dopaminergic neurons in PD. In addition to prevailing pharmacologic therapies and surgical procedures,Yoga can be one of the most beneficial complementary therapies for PD patients, which canact at molecular level to reduce oxidative stress, improve neuro-cognition, boost their mood, enhance sensory-motor performance, increase dopamine & serotonin secretion and reduce cortisol secretion, thereby collectively enhancing quality of life of PD patients & their care-takers.

Author (s) Details

 C. S. Nagalakshmi
Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, T Begur, Bangalore Rural, Karnataka, India.

N. U. Santhosh
Consultant Neurosurgoen, Aster CMI Hospital, Sahakaranagar, Hebbal, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/212