Arthritis is the most common symptom of a variety of joint problems. This is when synovial fluid analysis comes in handy. Synovial fluid analysis has long been advised as a standard procedure for aiding in the diagnosis of arthritis. Synovial fluid moisturises and lubricates the joints by filling the gaps in the joint cavities.
Objective: To improve diagnosis accuracy, examine the gross, microscopic, and biochemical differences in synovial fluid in diverse sources of joint effusions, as well as assess synovial fluid cytology with biochemical parameters in various forms of arthritis.
Materials and Procedures: The synovial fluid of 477 patients was examined in the Department of Biochemistry at SKIMS Medical College & Hospital, Bemina, Srinagar, India, in collaboration with the Department of Pathology. The synovial fluid was separated into two halves after a gross examination to determine its total volume, clarity, and viscosity. The synovial fluid was split in half and sent for biochemical analysis and microscopic examination.
Joint involvement was detected in individuals between the ages of 16 and 75, with 182 males and 295 females among the 477 synovial fluid samples examined.
Septic arthritis had the greatest total leucocyte count, while osteoarthritis had the lowest. Septic arthritis (95 percent) had the most neutrophils, while osteoarthritis had the least (24 percent ). Osteoarthritis and gouty arthritis had the highest sugar levels in synovial fluid (70-90 mg/dL each), while septic arthritis had the lowest. Protein levels were highest in rheumatoid arthritis (4.1-6.5 gm/dL) and traumatic arthritis (4.2-6.4 gm/dL), and lowest in osteoarthritis (1.2-2.4 gm/dL). The maximum number of positive synovial C-reactive protein cases (130) were discovered in rheumatoid arthritis, with rheumatoid factor positive in 143 instances and negative in 127 cases of osteoarthritis.
Conclusion: Protein and sugar biochemical analysis of synovial fluid aids in the diagnosis of various kinds of arthritis. The presence of RF in synovial fluid aids in the diagnosis of monoarticular arthritis. In rheumatoid arthritis, C-reactive protein levels in synovial fluid were high, and this test, along with others, can be used to diagnose the illness. Synovial fluid analysis will be used more frequently in hospital services, assisting clinicians in early management and providing specific benefits in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with joint illness.Author(S) Details
Qazi Najeeb Ahmad
Department of Biochemistry, Govt. Medical College Anantnag (J&K) India.
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