Current Progress in Remineralisation Therapies for Dental Caries: A Review | Chapter 2 | Medical Science: Updates and Prospects Vol. 7

 

The oral illness known as dental caries is a prevalent and complicated condition that has been a source of considerable health care issues for communities for quite some time. A number of different remineralising agents provide assistance to the remineralisation process, which helps to prevent the progression of illness and improve the shape and functionality of the teeth. Remineralisation is the process of adding important minerals, primarily phosphate and calcium, and integrating them into areas of dental decay that have lost these minerals as a result of demineralisation of tooth structure. This process is known as remineralisation. The current chapter discusses numerous materials that facilitate and encourage the remineralisation of tooth structure, along with their deployment in clinical practice. Research has primarily concentrated on creating resin-based composite formulations, with less attention paid to the development of dental adhesives, crown cements and resin-based sealants. Future research should prioritise the comprehensive evaluation and characterisation of these materials to better understand their mechanical and antibacterial properties.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Sihivahanan Dhanasekaran
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRMIST, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Vijay Venkatesh Kondas
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRMIST, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v7/7165

From Macro to Micro: The Rise of Nanoparticles in Endodontics | chapter 10 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 10

 

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative approach in endodontics, offering innovative strategies to overcome limitations of conventional therapies. Nanoparticles—ultrafine materials sized between 1 and 100 nm—exhibit unique physicochemical and biological properties that enhance antimicrobial efficacy, bioactivity, and mechanical performance of dental materials. This review comprehensively explores diverse nanoparticles, including hydroxyapatite, titanium dioxide, graphene, chitosan, carbon nanotubes, bioactive glass, silver, and copper nanoparticles, detailing their mechanisms of action, clinical applications, and potential in endodontics. These nanomaterials demonstrate capabilities such as biofilm disruption, reactive oxygen species generation, dentinal tubule occlusion, remineralisation, mechanical reinforcement, and regenerative support. Despite their promising therapeutic potential, challenges remain regarding cytotoxicity, stability, controlled release, cost, and regulatory approval. Addressing these barriers through rigorous research and clinical trials may pave the way for nanoparticle-based interventions to become integral components of predictable, long-lasting endodontic treatment outcomes. This review provides a valuable reference for researchers and clinicians seeking to integrate nanotechnology into more effective endodontic treatments.

 

 

Author(s) Details

V. Arun Kalyan
SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Tripuravaram Vinay Kumar Reddy
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Vijay Venkatesh
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Seetha Kunhikannan
ICON, CRO Chennai, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v10/6227

Biosynthesis and Characterization of Selenium Nanoparticles Using Ethanol Extract of Bee Propolis and its Therapeutical Properties | Chapter 9 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 6

Aim: Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) has gained significant interest due to their distinctive chemical and biological properties that are essential for their potential application in various fields. Selenium (Se) is a vital trace element essential for various biological functions in living organisms. Its deficiency or excess can lead to significant health issues in humans. Selenium exists in different chemical forms, including selenite and selenate can be toxic at high concentrations. These forms of selenium are known to have adverse effects when ingested in excess, causing selenosis. In contrast, SeNPs have gained attention for their potential health benefits. SeNPs can be synthesized using various methods, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. The low toxicity of SeNPs is appropriate for biomedical applications, including cancer treatment.

 

Place and Duration of the Study: Azyme Biosciences Laboratory, Bangalore, between February 2018 and September 2018.

 

Methodology: In the present study, propolis, the beehive product collected from 5 different Indian states—Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Karnataka and Kerala, was used for the biosynthesis of SeNPs and characterized by using UV-vis Spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

 

Results: SeNPs biosynthesized by propolis were observed as crystalline, oval-shaped and smooth surface particles. The study also reports the efficiency of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay to estimate the antioxidant potential. The antimicrobial assay was evaluated only for SeNPs synthesized from propolis extracts obtained from Karnataka state, which showed high antioxidant activity. The antibacterial activity against pathogenic gram-positive bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus mutans), gram-negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was evaluated by resazurin microtiter plate method to check the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). The antifungal activity of pathogenic fungi such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavon and Candida albicans were determined by well diffusion method.

 

Conclusion: It is the first report describing the biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles using bee propolis. This study demonstrated the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of SeNPs biosynthesised by using ethanol extract of propolis. Extensive research is vital to develop less toxic and cost-effective synthesis methods for selenium nanoparticles, as well as to control particle size and its application in medicine and healthcare.

 

Author (s) Details

Shubharani R.
Department of Biotechnology, Azyme Biosciences Pvt. Ltd, Bengaluru-560069, Karnataka, India.

 

Mahesh M.
Department of Biotechnology, Azyme Biosciences Pvt. Ltd, Bengaluru-560069, Karnataka, India.

 

V. N. Yogananda Murthy
Department of Biotechnology, Azyme Biosciences Pvt. Ltd, Bengaluru-560069, Karnataka, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v6/1730

Advanced Drug Delivery Systems: Innovations and Applications in Modern Pharmacy | Chapter 10 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 6

Recent advancements in drug delivery systems have revolutionized the field of pharmacy, providing new avenues for targeted and controlled drug release. This chapter explores cutting-edge technologies in drug delivery, emphasizing passive and active targeting mechanisms, as well as stimuli-responsive systems. The chapter explores the design, benefits, and challenges of these advanced drug delivery systems. It discusses how these technologies improve therapeutic efficacy, minimize side effects, and enhance patient compliance. Furthermore, it addresses the current limitations and future directions of research in this field, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to overcome obstacles and develop innovative solutions. By providing a comprehensive overview of these advanced systems, this chapter serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners aiming to optimize drug delivery strategies for better clinical outcomes.

 

Author (s) Details

Venkatalakshmi Ranganathan
Department of Pharmaceutics, Crescent School of Pharmacy, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science &Technology, Chennai-600048, India.

 

Fazeela Mahaboob Begum S.M
School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai-600048, India.

 

Santhosh Venkatesan
Department of Pharmaceutics, Crescent School of Pharmacy, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science &Technology, Chennai-600048, India.

 

Mohamed Suhail Rahamathullah
Department of Pharmaceutics, Crescent School of Pharmacy, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science &Technology, Chennai-600048, India.

 

Akeela Farsana Barakkathulla
Department of Pharmaceutics, Crescent School of Pharmacy, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science &Technology, Chennai-600048, India.

 

Sasikala Chinnappan
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v6/2346

Mitochondria-Targeted Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases | Chapter 9 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

 Many neurodegenerative illnesses, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are characterised by mitochondriadysfunction. Neuronal degeneration is a result of alteration of mitochondrial dynamics, elevated oxidative stress, and impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics. One intriguing treatment approach to slow the progression of disease is to target the mitochondria. Recent developments in mitochondria-targeted medicine delivery, such as gene therapy, nanoparticles, small compounds, and mitochondrial transplantation techniques, are examined in this chapter. It also draws attention to the difficulties and potential uses of these tactics in healthcare settings.

 

Author (s) Details

Venkatalakshmi Ranganathan
Department of Pharmaceutics, Crescent School of Pharmacy, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai-600048, India.

 

Preethi. M
Department of Pharmaceutics, Crescent School of Pharmacy, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai-600048, India.

 

Roshni. N
Department of Pharmaceutics, Crescent School of Pharmacy, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai-600048, India.

 

Sasikala Chinnappan
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, UCSI University, Taman Connaught, 56000 Cheras, Malaysia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v1/5396

Study on Static Foam Stabilization and its Properties | Chapter 8 | Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 5

Surfactant foams find wide-ranging uses in several industrial domains, such as chemical and biological processes and products. To improve the foam's stability, the static foam behaviour has been examined in this chapter. For a variety of surfactants, the characteristics of static foam, including percentage foamability and foaming power, have been studied. It was observed that SLS shows the highest percentage of foamability (77.72%) when compared with CTAB and SLS. Studies have also been conducted on the effects of pH on static foam. The pH range of 9 to 11 causes the foam half-life to drop from 125 minutes to 75 minutes. Effects on the foam behaviour due to the addition of small amounts of volatile components (VOCs) such as ethanol, xylene, toluene, and so forth were also investigated. The role of nanoparticles (NPs) in static foam and liquid drainage from the foam section is discussed in detail. Static foam properties were also investigated for the combined use of various surfactants.

 

Author (s) Details

G. A. Bathe
Department of Chemical Engineering, University Institute of Chemical Technology, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon - 425 001, India.

 

Aasma R. Tadvi
Department of Chemical Engineering, University Institute of Chemical Technology, Kavayitri Bahinabai Chaudhari North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon - 425 001, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/srnta/v5/2552

Bactericidal Properties of Microwave-Activated Carbons Enhanced with Enoxil and Silver/Selenium Nanoparticles | Chapter 8 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 7

 

The objectives of this study were to obtain mesoporous activated carbon with low ash content, impregnate this adsorbent with the Enoxil medicinal preparation and with Ag and Se nanoparticles, qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the immobilization processes of neutral nanoparticles on intact and oxidized activated carbons, and test the microbiological activity of the obtained samples. Microwave-activated carbons (ACMW) derived from walnut shells were impregnated with Ag and Se nanoparticles, as well as the biologically active compound Enoxil, and their microbiological properties were evaluated. To enhance the adsorbent's functionality, the activated carbon was oxidized with ozone, producing ACMWO, which contained aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic groups. This oxidation process led to a significant reduction in the specific surface area of the activated carbon. The structural parameters of the carbons were determined using nitrogen adsorption analysis, while simultaneous thermal analysis provided insights into the thermal behavior of both the oxidized and unoxidized forms. Infrared spectroscopy was employed to investigate the surface chemistry of the adsorbents. The microbiological activity of the composites was tested against Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Kinetic studies further allowed for the estimation of the bactericidal and fungicidal action times of the activated carbons. Microwave activation allowed obtaining mesoporous ACMW carbon with a high specific surface area and a low mineral content over a short period of time. The obtained results suggest the use of activated carbons impregnated with nanoparticles and Enoxil preparation in various medical fields, in particular for the creation of bactericidal dressings that would protect the penetration of infections within the body, comfortably keeping of humidity in the area of open wounds, with adsorption and subsequent destruction of the infected exudate.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Oleg Petuhov
Research Center of Thermal Analysis in Enviromental Problems, West University of Timisoara, Pestalozzi Street 16, 300115, Timisoara, Romania and Institute of Chemistry, State University of Moldova, 3, Academiei Str., MD-2028, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.

 

Tudor Lupascu
Institute of Chemistry, State University of Moldova, 3, Academiei Str., MD-2028, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.

 

Titus Vlase
Research Center of Thermal Analysis in Enviromental Problems, West University of Timisoara, Pestalozzi Street 16, 300115, Timisoara, Romania.

 

Ionela-Amalia Bradu
Research Center of Thermal Analysis in Enviromental Problems, West University of Timisoara, Pestalozzi Street 16, 300115, Timisoara, Romania.

 

Dominika Behunová
Institute of Geotechnics SAS, Watsonova, 45, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v7/2762

 

Novel PHEMA Nanoparticles for Controlled Drug Delivery: Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Applications | Chapter 5 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 3

 

 

This chapter discusses the preparation and characterization of poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) nanoparticles for potential use in controlled drug delivery. PHEMA nanoparticles were prepared using a modified suspension polymerization technique. This study describes the preparation, identification, and structural and morphological characterization of PHEMA nanoparticles. PHEMA nanoparticles have been characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and particle size analysis. FTIR is used to confirm the presence of specific functional groups within the PHEMA structure, while particle size distribution provides information about the dimensions and uniformity of the nanoparticles. It is found that the nanoparticles have having size of up to 100 nm and are almost identical in shape. The small size of nanoparticles makes them a suitable candidate for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, especially in the controlled drug delivery field. PHEMA nanoparticles can encapsulate and release drugs, making them effective for targeted drug delivery, such as in cancer therapy. PHEMA nanoparticles are significant in biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, tenable properties, and ability to serve as drug-delivery vehicles. Their high water content, low toxicity, and tissue compatibility make them suitable for a variety of medical devices and therapies, including soft contact lenses, drug delivery systems, and tissue regeneration scaffolds.

 

Author (s) Details

Huda Begam
Samrat Ashok Technological Institute, Vidisha (M.P), India.

 

A.K. Bajpa
Bose Memorial Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government Autonomous Science College, Jabalpur (MP)-482001, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v3/5316

Unveiling of the in vitro Effects of Gefitinib and Paclitaxel Loaded Cockle Shells-derived CaCO3 Nanoparticles on Breast Cancer Cell Lines | Book Publisher International

This book introduces the readers to the newly synthesized Gefitinib (GEF) and Paclitaxel (PTXL) drug-loaded calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CSC_aCO₃NP) utilizing the blood cockle shell (Anadara granosa) waste, resulting in GEF-CSC_aCO₃NP, PTXL-CSC_aCO₃NP, and dual drug-loaded GEF-PTXL-CSC_aCO₃NP. This book focuses on revealing the biological characterization of the nanoparticles in breast cancer cell lines: MCF-7, an ER+ cell line, and SK-BR-3, an EGFR+ cell line. The books also throw light on how these nanoparticles behave with Human Mammary Epithelial cells (HMEC) and how these nanoparticles are non-toxic. The relationship between the drugs determined using XTT and Resazurin reduction assay, showed synergism. Colonigenic assays against MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cell lines resulted in 0% colonies after treatment with PTXL-CSC_aCO₃NP, and GEF-PTXL-CSC_aCO₃NP, whereas at IC₅₀ concentrations, GEF-CSC_aCO₃NP treated group had persisting colonies. MCF-7 uptake of the FITC-tagged CSC_aCO₃NP was studied. Electron microscopic examinations showed that the MCF-7 cells had undergone apoptotic changes and showed characteristic changes like autophagosomes and thicker microfilament bundles, respectively, for GEF-CSC_aCO₃NP and PTXL-CSC_aCO₃NP treatments, which were concurrent with the beta-tubulin stabilization in MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cells, detected using immunofluorescence. Final investigations revealed that GEF-PTXL-CSC_aCO₃NP was very effective in up-regulating the apoptotic markers Caspase-3 and BAX in the MCF-7 cell line. GEF-PTXL-CSC_aCO₃NP against MCF-7 showed synergistic inhibition of EGFR2 at Y1248, similar to EGFR at Y1173. In contrast, only the pure drug GEF had lower levels of p-Tyr1068 of EGFR, whereas the drug-loaded nanoparticles had lower inhibition of phosphorylation. In conclusion, the properties of GEF-CSC_aCO₃NP, PTXL-CSC_aCO₃NP, and GEF-PTXL-CS C_aCO₃NP prove that they deliver the payload, and GEF-PTXL-CSC_aCO₃NP has a high potential, possessing synergistic characteristics that will be a boost in certain breast cancer management. This book contains valuable information on cutting-edge research on nanomaterials and will be suitable for students, researchers, and academicians.

 

Author (s) Details

Chemmalar. S

Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Veterinary College and Research Institute (VC&RI), Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Theni – 625 534, India.

 

Md Zuki bin Abu Bakar @ Zakaria
Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory (NaturMeds), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 434000 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48388-98-8

Nanoparticles in Revolutionary Drug Delivery Systems: A Review | Chapter 3 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 4

This review explores the integration of nanoparticles into medicated chocolate as a novel drug delivery system. Medicated chocolate offers unique advantages, including improved patient compliance and enhanced drug bioavailability, particularly when paired with nanotechnology. Nanoparticles such as liposomes, dendrimers, and polymeric particles improve drug absorption, making them crucial for various therapeutic applications. This paper delves into the composition and preparation techniques of nanoparticle-loaded chocolate, its benefits in targeting diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, and the challenges associated with formulation and regulation. The review also highlights current research, regulatory considerations, and future prospects for advancing this promising field.

 

Author (s) Details

Dommaraju R Arunakumari
Department of Pharmaceutics, Seven Hills College of Pharmacy, Tirupati, India.

 

C Prashanthi
Seven Hills College of Pharmacy, Tirupati, India.

 

D Sreeja Reddy
Seven Hills College of Pharmacy, Tirupati, India.

 

V S Ponnambakam
Seven Hills College of Pharmacy, Tirupati, India.

 

G Mounika
Seven Hills College of Pharmacy, Tirupati, India.

 

M Dharani
Department of Pharmaceutics, Vignan Pharmacy College, Guntur, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v4/4803

Nanoparticle-Mediated Active Targeted Drug Delivery | Chapter 1 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 9

Targeted and temporal delivery of drugs to diseased tissues is a key objective in medicine. Nanoparticles (NPs), as delivery vehicles, demonstrated the potential to achieve this by targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs while reducing off-target toxicity and minimizing the need for frequent dosing. Significant progress in NP-mediated drug delivery (NMDD) has focused on developing NP-based drug (NP-drug) formulations for targeted delivery to diseased tissues, with particular attention to cellular and subcellular precision. Advancements in this area include the intricate design of targeted NP-drug constructs to navigate through biological barriers, control drug release, overcome multidrug resistance (MDR), decrease side effects, and improve overall drug efficacy. This chapter outlines the latest developments in NP-mediated targeted drug delivery, highlighting various NP-drug constructs engineered to achieve active targeted delivery and improve therapeutic outcomes for critical diseases such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease. The chapter concludes with an overview of current clinical trials in active targeted NP-drug delivery and discusses potential future directions for this rapidly evolving field.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Okhil K. Nag
Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA.

 

Ryan N. Porell
Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA.

 

James B. Delehanty
Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v9/2071

Potential Pathological Effects Induced by Inhaled Atmospheric Nanoparticles | Chapter 2 | Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 11

The atmosphere is a vast reservoir whose composition is constantly changing through human activities, and these changes can have significant health and environmental consequences. Air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems that poses a constant threat to the health and quality of life of residents. Nanoparticles (NPs) are of interest to researchers worldwide due to their potential to induce toxicity in vital organs of the body. This study reviews the potential pathological effects of inhaled atmospheric nanoparticles on the body, to contribute to a relatively adequate archive of exposure to nanoparticles in the atmosphere and their negative effects on health. There is an urgent need to clarify this to contribute to controlling human exposure to nanoparticles at toxic doses. These particles are considered one of the most important air pollutants because they remain suspended in the atmosphere for a long time and thus can travel over wide distances due to their extremely small size. These particles can cause pathological disorders in the respiratory, cardiovascular and nervous systems. It was concluded that nanoparticles can effectively reach the bloodstream and cell membrane barriers, settle in organs and tissues, and even penetrate the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain. The study recommends conducting more accurate and detailed studies.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Ozdan Akram Ghareeb
Department of Pharmacy, Medical Technical Institute/ Kirkuk, Northern Technical University, Iraq.

 

Qahtan Adnan Ali
Department of Environment and Pollution Technologies Engineering, Kirkuk Technical College Engineering, Northern Technical University, Iraq.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v11/3268

Preparation Methods of Nanoparticles: A Review of Techniques and Challenges | Chapter 3 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 10

Nanoparticles represent a transformative advancement in drug delivery systems, offering precise targeting, sustained release, and high therapeutic efficacy. This paper explores the various methodologies for producing polymeric nanoparticles, including solvent evaporation, emulsification, nanoprecipitation, and coacervation, each with distinct benefits and limitations in encapsulating diverse drug types. Additionally, it examines the factors influencing nanoparticle properties, such as particle size and surface characteristics, which impact drug release rates and biodistribution. Through an analysis of these techniques, the paper outlines how specific preparation methods can optimize drug solubility and bioavailability, particularly for poorly soluble drugs.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Jagadish Lakamalla
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Anurag Pharmacy College (Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad), Kodad, Telangana, India.

Sanagarapu Nageswarrao
Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Anurag Pharmacy College (Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad), Kodad, Telangana, India.

 

M. Chinna Eswaraiah
Department of Pharmacognosy, Anurag Pharmacy College (Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad), Kodad, Telangana, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v10/3393

Unlocking New Possibilities: A Review of Applications and Benefits of Nanofibers | Chapter 5 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 1

Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing discipline that has the promise to significantly impact the global economy and science. Researchers are increasingly emphasizing the development of nanomaterials for a wide range of applications. Nanofibers have emerged as intriguing one-dimensional nanomaterials for many research and commercial applications due to their unique physicochemical properties and characteristics.  They have a significant surface-to-volume ratio and can create a network of extremely porous mesh. The intricate network of the pores makes them a great candidate for several innovative applications particularly in the biomedical field. Various natural and semi-synthetic polymers are utilized to produce nanofibers based on their intended application. Nanofiber composites serve as an effective alternative for targeted gene delivery, protein, peptide administration, and growth factor delivery. Nanofibers may be utilized across several therapeutic fields and potentially transform them owing to their extensive drug transport capabilities. This chapter examines the fundamental notion of nanofibers, including their benefits, drawbacks, and applications.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Vaishali Bharat
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G)-495009, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

S.K. Lanjhiyana
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G)-495009, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Sanjay Kumar Bharti
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G)-495009, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Alpana Ram
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G)-495009, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Nidhi Agrawal
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G)-495009, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Rashmi Dewangan
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G)-495009, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Meenakshi Jaiswal
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G)-495009, Chhattisgarh, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v1/3545

Exploring the Potential of Chitosan-based Nanoparticles as Novel Carrier for Oral Delivery of Protein and Peptide Drugs | Chapter 8 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 3

Therapeutic proteins represent an appreciable part of pharmaceuticals but oral delivery of protein via conventional methods faces barriers in permeability and stability. Polymeric nanoparticles overcome these barriers and act as nanocarriers. Chitosan is preferred as the polymer for nanoparticle formulation as it imparts advantages like biocompatible, biodegradable, and less toxic. So, this chapter explores the potential of chitosan nanoparticles as novel carriers for oral delivery of protein and peptide drugs. Chitosan-based nanoparticle shows favorable properties for the oral delivery of protein like protein encapsulation, improvement of protein stability and sustained release effect. They can be used as potential delivery carriers of protein and other pharmaceutical agents. Chitosan and modified chitosan can be used as polymers while preparing the formulation of polymeric nanoparticles via different methods ionic gelation techniques, emulsion solvent evaporation method, emulsification solvent diffusion etc. The chitosan-based nanoparticles may be used successfully for the oral delivery of therapeutic proteins. Chitosan-based nanoparticles have tremendous potential for improving protein delivery and promoting additional research and development in this field.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Ranu Biswas
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-32, WB, India.

 

Md Ahesan Ansari
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-32, WB, India.

 

Sourav Mondal
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-32, WB, India.

 

Tanima Sarkar
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-32, WB, India.

 

Pritam Kapat
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-32, WB, India.

 

Arindam Ghosh
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-32, WB, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v3/4314

Revolutionizing Material Science: The Impact of Polymeric Nanocomposites | Chapter 1 | Exploration of Knowledge and Information in Sciences

The field of materials science has been revolutionized by the introduction of polymer nanocomposites, which combine the unique properties of polymers and nanoscale fillers to create materials with superior functionalities. The integration of nanoscale fillers into polymer matrices has led to significant advancements in mechanical, thermal, electrical, and barrier properties. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of polymer nanocomposites, discussing their classification, synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and diverse applications in industries such as automotive, aerospace, electronics, and packaging. Additionally, this study addresses the challenges in the development of these materials and explores future research directions, highlighting their potential to further enhance material performance.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Puneet Gupta
Department of Physics, S. A. Jain (P. G.) College, Ambala City, Haryana, India.

 

Anil Tomar
Department of Physics, S. A. Jain (P. G.) College, Ambala City, Haryana, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48859-02-0/CH1

Innovations of Nanotechnology in Various Fields for a Better Future | Chapter 2 | Innovations in Science and Technology: Shaping a Sustainable Future (Vol. 1)

 In the world of modern technologies nanotechnology is developing rapidly. It was first introduced by Richard P. Feynman in his lecture at the California Institute of Technology in 1959. Nanotechnology deals with material sizes ranging between 1-100 nanometers. In our day-to-day life, nanotechnology is already present from textiles to food packaging and transportation Lightweight roads, sea, air, and space vehicles are also the creation of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology and materials also support our health and well-being through wearable biosensors and biomaterials for regenerative medicine like enhancing methods for detection and treatment of diseases like cancer. Nanotechnology-based diagnosis and treatment, nanoparticle-based imaging, and encapsulation of drugs in nanoparticles have led to better drug delivery systems and the use of those encapsulated drugs in nanoparticles in targeted therapies are the most well-known health-related applications.

In upcoming times nanotechnology will have a remarkable contribution to economic growth and job creation. The digital transformation will be accelerated by nanotechnology, which offers a wide range of nano-devices for application in the future of society, including smart robots, driverless cars, and Internet of Things sensors. Making water free from pollutants, reducing CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions, and solar cells, are some of the contributions of nanotechnology to sustainable society. Nanotechnology is now focusing on manufacturing green nano-products and their utilization to help maintain sustainability and reduce the risk of nano-products to the environment and human health. The future approach of nanotechnology includes food Nanotechnology, Nanodentistry, Nanorobotics, Energy production, and storage with the help of nanotechnology.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Simran Jolly
Department of Chemistry, DAV University, Jalandhar, India.

 

Sharanjeet Kaur
Department of Chemistry, DAV University, Jalandhar, India.

 

Dr. Shelly Garg
Department of Mathematics, DAV University, Jalandhar, India.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-973809-6-9/CH2

Nanoparticle-Mediated Active Targeted Drug Delivery | Chapter 1 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 9

 

Targeted and temporal delivery of drugs to diseased tissues is a key objective in medicine. Nanoparticles (NPs), as delivery vehicles, demonstrated the potential to achieve this by targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs while reducing off-target toxicity and minimizing the need for frequent dosing. Significant progress in NP-mediated drug delivery (NMDD) has focused on developing NP-based drug (NP-drug) formulations for targeted delivery to diseased tissues, with particular attention to cellular and subcellular precision. Advancements in this area include the intricate design of targeted NP-drug constructs to navigate through biological barriers, control drug release, overcome multidrug resistance (MDR), decrease side effects, and improve overall drug efficacy. This chapter outlines the latest developments in NP-mediated targeted drug delivery, highlighting various NP-drug constructs engineered to achieve active targeted delivery and improve therapeutic outcomes for critical diseases such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease. The chapter concludes with an overview of current clinical trials in active targeted NP-drug delivery and discusses potential future directions for this rapidly evolving field.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Okhil K. Nag
Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA

 

Ryan N. Porell
Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA.

 

James B. Delehanty
Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v9/2071

Nanotechnological Insights on Therapeutic Strategies for Diabetic Nephropathy | Chapter 13 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 3

 

Diabetes Mellitus is the main cause of diabetic nephropathy (DN), a chronic illness which predominantly contributes to kidney failure. However, Dialysis is nonetheless required for end-stage renal failure, which is the more severe stage of diabetic kidney disease. Around 13-25% of individuals encounter this kind of disease, which makes up 35% of all new cases of dialysis worldwide as they endure a decrease in their quality of life following the initiation of chronic hemodialysis treatment. Because of advancements in nanotechnology, anti-diabetic drugs can be attached, deconstructed, incorporated, encapsulated, or connected to nanoparticles (NPs) in a system known as a Nano platform drug delivery system. Unlike traditional DN treatments, drug delivery using nano platforms allows for precise medicine distribution to kidney regions while also interfering with other biological processes. For the diagnosis of DN, over time intervention as well as security evaluations using in vitro and In vivo studies would be required for this successful clinical implementation of the emerging pattern of multifunctional targeted NPs. Modified drug-loaded nanoparticles during advancements in nanoparticle therapeutics for DN in order to conform to the directional characteristics of the disease processes. Hence, the development of nano-drug delivery technologies, which also improve pharmaceutical effectiveness and safety, brings potentially new focused therapeutic possibilities to treat individuals with DN.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Balamurali Venkatesan
Department of Microbiology, Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Service Rd., Maduravoyal, Adayalampattu, Chennai, 600095, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Pavithra Selvan
Department of Microbiology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Natarajan V
Department of Microbiology, Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Service Rd., Maduravoyal, Adayalampattu, Chennai, 600095, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Sakthinarenderan Saikumar
Centre for Ocean Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Chennai, 600 119, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Naveenkumar Karuppasamy
Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please See the book here :-https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v3/468

Preparation of Semiconductor Nanoparticles (CdZnS) by Chemical Precipitation Method | Chapter 3 |Current Research Progress in Physical Science Vol. 1

 

This study explains the preparation of semiconductor nanoparticles CdZnS by the chemical precipitation method. UV visible spectrum for the prepared nanoparticles was analyzed. The band gap energy is determined using the Tauc plot equation. The Refractive index of the material was also deduced from the spectrum. The Group 2-6 semiconductor nanoparticles were synthesized by the chemical precipitation method. The optical studies were done for the prepared sample. We performed the product characterisation by UV- Visible Spectroscopy; the band gap energy was calculated using the Tauc plot. The refractive indices of the particle were calculated using various equations and plotted band gap energy versus the refractive index of the material.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Cinsy N K
Department of Physics, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Racil Jeya Geetha R
Department of Physics, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpps/v1/11960F