A Silent Threat: A Case Study of Oral Malignant Melanoma | Chapter 10 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 1

Melanoma of the oral cavity is a rare malignant tumor that develops from a malignant melanocytic or de novo from melanocytes within the normal mucosa or skin and appears blue, black, or reddish-brown. Oral melanomas develop quietly, with only a few signs, until they have progressed. Oral mucosal melanoma has a higher proclivity for metastasis and attacks tissue more aggressively than any other malignant tumor in the mouth. Intestinal melanoma of the head and neck is an uncommon type of cancer that should be counted among the deadliest. Malignant melanoma of the oral cavity accounts for only 0.2%-8.0% of all reported melanoma, although it accounts for 0.5% of all malignant neoplasia of the oral cavity. Because most melanotic mucosal lesions are painless at first, the diagnosis is sometimes delayed until the ulcer or growth causes symptoms. The prognosis for oral melanoma is poor, with a five-year survival rate of around 10% to 25%. Life expectancy is fewer than two years on average. Early detection is critical for effective therapy and the only way to improve survival and prognosis in patients with oral malignant melanoma due to its poor prognosis. To avoid oral melanomas, every single-colored lesion identified in the oral cavity should be treated with suspicion and adequate inquiry because a colored lesion might expand, and it should be referred for a biopsy to avoid misdiagnosis. A 70-year-old female patient visited the outpatient department with the major complaint of a non-tender growth in the right back area of the maxilla for one month. The patient was known for consuming betel nuts and putting them in the oral cavity and chewing for long hours. A CT scan revealed hypodense soft tissue density that developed into a massive lesion that appeared to cover the upper right alveolar arch. The patient was diagnosed with Malignant melanoma. The patient presented after three months and the size and extent of the lesion had increased. This study shows how the oral clinic is important in the diagnosis of oral ulcers and argues that early detection is necessary to enhance patient outcomes.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Monal M. Kukde
Datta Meghe Medical College and Shalinitai Meghe Hospital, Nagpur, India.

 

Anil U. Madurwar
Chandrapur CT Scan and MRI Center, Chandrapur, India.

 

Deepak Selokar
NMC, Nagpur, India.

Obaid Noman
Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, India.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v1/4699

Genetic Variation of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Cancer | Chapter 3 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 11

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare, severe, progressive genetic disorder causing disability and premature death. Mutations in the DMD gene encoding the dystrophin protein lead to the dystrophinopathies of DMD. Despite major therapeutic advances over the last few decades, there are currently no curative therapies for DMD. Gene therapy such as CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing is a promising experimental approach to treat genetic diseases such as DMD.  Interestingly, it has also been reported that muscular dystrophy patients may be at increased risk of malignancy. Although mutations in the DMD genes have been widely studied, a systematic genetic analysis of all variants, especially single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of the gene in humans has not been reported. In this study, a systematic analysis of the DMD genetic variants via the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Database (dbSNP), and annotated the functions of the variants with wANNOVAR was performed. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for genetic modifiers identified in DMD patients was explored. DMD genetic alternations in different tumors have also been investigated via cBioPortal. Data mining and visualization were further performed based on the annotation. The study examined a total of 3,627 exonic SNPs in the DMD gene. SNPs are distributed across all exons. The largest category was nonsynonymous accounting for nearly 64% of all mutations. Exon 19 appeared to have the highest density of pathogenic SNP distribution. Nonsense mutation (i.e. stopgain) or frameshift mutation likely leads to more pathogenic. Among the genetic modifiers identified in DMD patients, THBS1 has higher network topological parameters, followed by SPP1, ACTN3 and LTBP4. Network analysis highlighted non-random interconnectivity between the genetic modifiers identified in DMD patients, and potentially shed light on new genetic modifiers by their functional coupling to these known genes. In conclusion, this is the first data mining study with a systematic genetic analysis of all variants, especially SNPs, of the DMD gene in humans. SNPs are distributed across all Exons. The largest category was nonsynonymous accounting for nearly 64% of all mutations. Exon 19 appeared to have the highest density of pathogenic SNP distribution. In addition, our results also suggest DMD gene may serve as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for certain types of cancer.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Hubert Chen
Ivymind Academy, New Jersey, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v11/4759

Nanoparticle-Mediated Active Targeted Drug Delivery | Chapter 1 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 9

Targeted and temporal delivery of drugs to diseased tissues is a key objective in medicine. Nanoparticles (NPs), as delivery vehicles, demonstrated the potential to achieve this by targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs while reducing off-target toxicity and minimizing the need for frequent dosing. Significant progress in NP-mediated drug delivery (NMDD) has focused on developing NP-based drug (NP-drug) formulations for targeted delivery to diseased tissues, with particular attention to cellular and subcellular precision. Advancements in this area include the intricate design of targeted NP-drug constructs to navigate through biological barriers, control drug release, overcome multidrug resistance (MDR), decrease side effects, and improve overall drug efficacy. This chapter outlines the latest developments in NP-mediated targeted drug delivery, highlighting various NP-drug constructs engineered to achieve active targeted delivery and improve therapeutic outcomes for critical diseases such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease. The chapter concludes with an overview of current clinical trials in active targeted NP-drug delivery and discusses potential future directions for this rapidly evolving field.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Okhil K. Nag
Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA.

 

Ryan N. Porell
Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA.

 

James B. Delehanty
Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v9/2071

Papillary Cystadenoma of the Testis | Chapter 4 | Medical Science: Trends and Innovations Vol. 10

Papillary cystadenomas are common benign tumors usually found in post-pubertal males. More commonly seen are unilateral cases, but bilateral cases also occur especially in patients previously diagnosed with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Histologically, they can mimic metastatic renal cell carcinomas. Therefore, good clinical, radiological and histological analysis of cases is essential for appropriate treatment. Papillary cystadenomas are usually treated with simple excision.

This is a report of a 24-year-old male undergraduate with a 3-month history of mildly tender right testicular swelling histologically diagnosed as papillary cystadenoma. Testicular ultrasound scans of the patient revealed slight probe tenderness and a bulky right epididymis measuring 13.7 mm × 15.6mm with a nodular hypoechoic area measuring 11.9 mm × 13.9 mm in size. The patient was requested to obtain an abdominopelvic ultrasound and brain CT scans for follow-up but was lost to follow-up.

The early recognition and management of this tumor may help prevent possible late malignant transformation and also pave the way for the early identification of more pathologic entities like VHL and its associated lesions.

 

Author (s) Details

Otobo O. Fidelis
Department of Urology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.

 

Ikpi Edet
Department of Urology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.

 

Enakirerhi Glen
Department of Urology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.

 

Isiwele M. Edoise
Department of Urology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.

 

Omotosho Ayodele
Department of Pathology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.

 

Essiet Akanimo
Department of Urology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.

 

Paul D Ekwere
Department of Urology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.

 

Edet O Nkposong
Department of Urology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msti/v10/4609

Newcastle Disease Virus: A Journey from an Avian Pathogen to an Efficient Oncolytic Virus | Chapter 6 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 11

Oncolytic viruses have been extensively studied for decades. Until today, several oncolytic viruses were examined for their anti-cancer effect both as monotherapy as well as in combinations. In this chapter, Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), which is a major avian pathogen that causes minimal to no symptoms in humans, was discussed. The virus shows an extremely high safety profile as well as potential efficacy in treating various lymphomas and solid tumors, including metastasis. This was shown in several cancerous indications with extensive both preclinical as well as clinical trials.

The book chapter discusses the use of different NDV strains as well as the development of an ex-vivo model using fresh human cancerous tissues, which optimizes treatment parameters for clinical trials. This model aims to better understand NDV's tissue tropism, infection mechanisms, and innate immune responses in human cancers compared to other traditional preclinical models. The use of this model also allows even to compare different viruses for different cancer tissues in order to choose the most efficient virus for specific cancers and even specific patients.

In addition, advances in genetic engineering and combination therapies with NDV have shown promising results in enhancing its safety, efficacy, and anti-tumor immune responses, emphasizing its importance as a potential cancer treatment.

NDV showed highly efficient capabilities to serve as an anti-cancer vehicle, both as monotherapy as well as in combinations. Yet additional preclinical as well as clinical trials are important for applying the best outcome for different cancer indications in choosing the right modality for using NDV.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Shay Tayeb
Department of Biotechnology, Jerusalem Multidisciplinary College, 9101001, Jerusalem, Israel.

 

Amos Panet
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Chanock Center for Virology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.

 

Zichria Zakay-Rones
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Chanock Center for Virology, IMRIC, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v11/4327

Nanoparticle-Mediated Active Targeted Drug Delivery | Chapter 1 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 9

 

Targeted and temporal delivery of drugs to diseased tissues is a key objective in medicine. Nanoparticles (NPs), as delivery vehicles, demonstrated the potential to achieve this by targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs while reducing off-target toxicity and minimizing the need for frequent dosing. Significant progress in NP-mediated drug delivery (NMDD) has focused on developing NP-based drug (NP-drug) formulations for targeted delivery to diseased tissues, with particular attention to cellular and subcellular precision. Advancements in this area include the intricate design of targeted NP-drug constructs to navigate through biological barriers, control drug release, overcome multidrug resistance (MDR), decrease side effects, and improve overall drug efficacy. This chapter outlines the latest developments in NP-mediated targeted drug delivery, highlighting various NP-drug constructs engineered to achieve active targeted delivery and improve therapeutic outcomes for critical diseases such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease. The chapter concludes with an overview of current clinical trials in active targeted NP-drug delivery and discusses potential future directions for this rapidly evolving field.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Okhil K. Nag
Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA

 

Ryan N. Porell
Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA.

 

James B. Delehanty
Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6900, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v9/2071

A Rare Case of Myoid Hamartoma Masquerading as Invasive Breast Carcinoma | Chapter 12 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 5

Breast Myoid Hamartoma (MH) is a rare type of neoplasm with a poorly understood pathogenesis. Very few literatures have reported such disease with an unclear prognosis and malignant potentiality. Some isolated studies have shown that breast Myoid Hamartoma (MH) may be genetically related to other types of tumours with the involvement of HMGA2 gene. We reported a case of a 64-year-old post-menopausal lady with an underlying chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy (CIAP) that was referred to our centre for a suspected right breast tumour. Clinical and imaging proved the disease to be malignant, however, core biopsy results showed otherwise. Ultrasound of the right breast showed a solid mass with a hypoechoic heterogeneous echotexture and posterior shadowing. A Mammogram highlighted a dense lesion in the right breast with radiolucent halo and macrocalcification. It was reported as BIRADS 4 category. Managing breast Myoid Hamartoma (MH) is proved to be of great challenge to clinicians as meticulous clinical acumen is needed to strategize a proper plan and management, most importantly, not to overlook the disease as the malignant transformation has been reported before.

Author(s) Details:

Mohamed Shafi Mahboob Ali,
Department of General Surgery, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Malaysia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V5/article/view/13341

Renal Leiomyosarcoma with Mixoid Component: Case Report and Literature Review | Chapter 11 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

 Primary leiomyosarcoma is an intensely rare entity establishing only 0.5–1% of all invasive renal tumors. It is commonly diagnosed after histological test because it does not have any distinguishing diagnostic countenance clinically and radiologically. At times, it is difficult to differentiate leiomyosarcoma from the sarcomatoid renal container carcinoma even all the while histological examination as both tumors have pivot-shaped atypical containers. Moreover, some epithelial tombstones can be present in pure smooth influence sarcomas, while some smooth muscle tombstones are positive in carcinomas. An intensely uncommon condition is leiomyosarcoma that develops in the renal stomach. A patient with an obstructive grain-related abandoned renal colic was admitted to ward with a filling defect in the renal stomach, which was originally misdiagnosed as a blood clot. After visual test of the renal pelvis and a examination of the exophytic lesion, leiomyosarcoma was determined expected the cause. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was performed, histological and immunohistochemical examination rooted the lesion expected a leiomyosarcoma with mixomatoid component. No adjuvant situation was performed, and the patient remains active 6 years later surgery without repetition. Herein we provide literature review, consideration of the diagnosis and situation scenario of the patient with renal stomach leiomyosarcoma with mixomatoid component.

Author(s) Details:

Krivoborodov G. G.,
Department of Urology and Andrology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health, Russia and Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, Russia.

Bolotov A. D.,
State Budgetary Institution of Healthcare of Moscow (City Clinical Hospital no 1 Named after N.I. Pirogov), Russia.

Efremov N. S.,
Department of Urology and Andrology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health, Russia and Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V1/article/view/12315

Biomarkers for Early Detection of Lung Cancer | Chapter 7 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

 Lung Cancer is individual of the leading causes for tumor related deaths accompanying a 5-year continuation rate of only 18%.These are broadly divided into 2 types: NSCLC (non-limited cell alveolus cancer) and SCLC (small container lung tumor) and although treatments like a destructive agent, targeted situations are commonly used, the endurance rate is still very poor on account of the late detection of these cancers. Biomarkers are easily occurring biological genes that show changes when a tumor composition takes place. Various experimental and research data was brought back from search engines like PubMed, Google Scholar etc. Our item provides an overview of body part cancer, allure therapies, and mainly concentrates on potential biomarkers that take care of aid in the early detection of bronchi cancer.

Author(s) Details:

Vinit Vaidya,
Department of Botany, Thakur College of Science and Commerce, Thakur Village, Kandivali (East), Mumbai-400101, India.

Vedaant Bhandary,
Department of Botany, Thakur College of Science and Commerce, Thakur Village, Kandivali (East), Mumbai-400101, India.

Priyanshi Vishwakarma,
Department of Botany, Thakur College of Science and Commerce, Thakur Village, Kandivali (East), Mumbai-400101, India.

Faisal Qureshi,
Department of Botany, Thakur College of Science and Commerce, Thakur Village, Kandivali (East), Mumbai-400101, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V3/article/view/9916

Endobronchial Schwannoma: A Rare Benign Tumor| Chapter 11 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 3

 Schwannomas are excellent benign tumors of the nerve covering that frequently cultivate from the costovertebral angle and posterior mediastinum. Endobronchial schwannomas are extremely exceptional.  In fact, only a few cases have happened reported in the composition. Those benign tumors show only 0.2% of all lung one. The subjects are usually asymptomatic. As the dispassionate and radiological presentations are non-particular, it can present a diagnostic challenge. We present a case of an endobronchial schwannoma that prevented the right upper flap bronchus.

Author(s) Details: Touil Imen, Department of Surgery, Al-Shiffa General Hospital, Basrah, Iraq. Boudaya Mohamed Sadok, Department of Surgery, Al-Shiffa General Hospital, Basrah, Iraq. Aloui Raoudha, Department of Radiology, Al-Shiffa General Hospital, Basrah, Iraq. Brahem Yosra, Pulmonology Department, Taher Sfar Hospital, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisia. Souhir Ksissa, Pulmonology Department, Taher Sfar Hospital, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisia. Ben Attig Yosr, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia. Ksontini Meriem, Anatomopathology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia. Boussoffara Leila, Pulmonology Department, Taher Sfar Hospital, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisia. Bouchareb Soumaya, Pulmonology Department, Taher Sfar Hospital, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisia. Knani Jalel, Pulmonology Department, Taher Sfar Hospital, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisia. Keskes Boudawara Nadia, Pulmonology Department, Taher Sfar Hospital, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisia. Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V3/article/view/9070

Changes in HER-2 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Expression in Bone Marrow Micrometastasis and Stromal Cells in Men with Prostate Cancer as a Result of Androgen Blockade| Chapter 9 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 1

 We interpret an immunocytochemical analysis of the impact of androgen inhibition on HER-2 and cast metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression in cartilage marrow micrometastases and the surrounding stromal containers in prostate cancer patients. Men accompanying prostate cancer who endured bone essence biopsy procedures had touch prepare taken during androgen abolition, before and after radical prostatectomy.Patients were defined as HER-2 helpful or negative, MMP-2 negative or an MMP-2 pattern described as border or main and stromal MMP-2 defined as positive or negative. The verbalization of the biomarkers was compared before and after beginning treatment, as well as all the while androgen blockade, concerning serum PSA at the time of sample and time of androgen blockade.There were 191 males contained, 35 before surgery and 43 after; skilled were no appreciable alternatives in HER-2 expression between groups, and neither MMP-2 main nor stromal expression was present. MMP-2 expression in two together micrometastasis and stroma was found to be really related to HER-2 verbalization. MMP-2 expression at the micrometastasis barrier was not connected with HER-2 expression and happen in the absence of androgen blockade.Androgen need lowers serum PSA by destroying HER-2 negative prostate cancer cells. Early pick of HER-2 positive cancer containers, on the other hand, leads to androgen independence and embellished expression of MMP-2 venture in the micrometastasis. Increased MMP-2 activity in micrometastasis boosts MMP-2 expression in encircling stromal cells, which concede possibility promote angiogenesis and tumour growth, developing in macrometastatic androgen independent disease.

Author(s) Details:

N. P. Murray,
Hospital de Carabineros of Chile, Simon Bolivar 2200 Nunoa, 7770199 Santiago, Chile and Circulating Tumor Cell Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University Finis Terrae Santiago, Chile.

E. Reyes,
Hospital de Carabineros of Chile, Simon Bolivar 2200 Nunoa, 7770199 Santiago, Chile and Universidad Diego Portales, Manuel Rodriguez Sur 415, 8370179 Santiago, Chile.

L. Badinez,
Foundation of Arturo Lopez Perez, Rancagua 878, Providencia, 7500921 Santiago, Chile.

N. Orellana,
Hospital de Carabineros of Chile, Simon Bolivar 2200 Nunoa, 7770199 Santiago, Chile.

C. Fuentealba,
Hospital de Carabineros of Chile, Simon Bolivar 2200 Nunoa, 7770199 Santiago, Chile.

R. Olivares,
Hospital de Carabineros of Chile, Simon Bolivar 2200 Nunoa, 7770199 Santiago, Chile.

J. Porcell,
Hospital de Carabineros of Chile, Simon Bolivar 2200 Nunoa, 7770199 Santiago, Chile.

R. Duenas,
Hospital de Carabineros of Chile, Simon Bolivar 2200 Nunoa, 7770199 Santiago, Chile.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V1/article/view/9004

Study of IDH1 (R132H) Mutation and Expression of ATRX Marker in Correlation with the Histopathological Grading in Gliomas| Chapter 8 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

 Background: Primary malignant brain tumours are the third leading cause of cancer-related death and morbidity globally. IDH1 mutation has also been shown to be a predictive factor in more recent WHO classifications of CNS tumours. In gliomas, the presence of an IDH1 change increases progression-free survival. Similar to this, improved outcomes in astrocytic malignancies are linked to ATRX mutations. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the relationship between IDH1 mutation, ATRX expression, and histopathological grading in glial tumours, which will enable us grade glial tumours more accurately in light of recent molecular developments.

The main goal is to comprehend how the histopathological grades of glial tumours correlate with the expression of IDH1 and ATRX on immunohistochemistry. The current study will be conducted over a two-year period in the Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry division of the Pathology Department at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College in Sawangi (Meghe), in coordination with the Department of Neurosurgery at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital in Sawangi (Meghe). About 45 to 50 resected samples from suspected instances of glial tumours received at the J.N.M.C.'s Department of General Pathology will be used in this investigation. In order to gain a better understanding, we will compare the link between IDH1 mutation and ATRX expression with the histopathological grades in glial tumours and current molecular developments on immunohistochemistry using a well-tabulated master chart. Results: A master chart with properly tabulated data will show the observations. Conclusion: Based on the research's findings, a conclusion will be drawn.

Author(s) Details:

Pooja Jha,
Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (DMIMS), Sawangi (M), Wardha, India.

Samarth Shukla,
Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (DMIMS), Sawangi (M), Wardha, India.

Sunita Vagha,
Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (DMIMS), Sawangi (M), Wardha, India.

Ravindra P. Kadu,
Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (DMIMS), Sawangi (M), Wardha, India.

Sourya Acharya,
Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (DMIMS), Sawangi (M), Wardha, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V6/article/view/8096

Self- or Not-self is Malignant Tissues for the Host? | Chapter 13 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

 The goal of this chapter is to decipher a number of theoretical inconsistencies that contradict the concept of host immunological defence against spontaneous cancer. It's as follows: Non-selective cancer cytotoxic therapy is effective, but it is harmful to the host; legal deep lymphocytopenia, i.e., immunosuppression, follows conventional cytotoxic therapy; a high risk of new malignancies follows it as well; malignant cells prefer to spread through lymph nodes, which are favourite checkpoints for immunity; accepted anti-angiogenic treatment restricts immunocytes' access inside a tumour. We concluded that the development of a tumour and its vessels, gradual exhaustion of hematopoietic stem cell number in blood and emergence of cancer cachexia, a ratio of infectious morbidity and cancer mortality in their interrelation, extracted from experimental, clinical data, and population statistics, that the aforementioned and other discrepancies become regularities if the cells renew in both directions.

Author (S) Details

A. N. Shoutko
Laboratory for Improvement of the Cancer Treatment Methods, Russian Granov’s Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation, Russia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V10/article/view/3512

Determining the Prevalence and Distribution of Gingival Pyogenic Granuloma in Sulaimani Population, Kurdistan Region, Iraq | Chapter 9 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 10

 Pyogenic granuloma is a mouth-based inflammatory hyperplastic lesion. The gingiva is where it is most commonly found. The study's objectives were to assess the prevalence of gingival pyogenic granuloma in the population of Sulaimani, Iraq, as a function of gender, age, pregnancy, systemic disorders, oral hygiene, and the site of pyogenic granuloma occurrence. Materials and equipment The entire stratified sample [1136 (568 male + 568 female)] as well as a randomly selected sample [248 (124 male and 124 female, ranging in age from 10 to 70 years)] were employed in this study. To examine for gingival pyogenic granuloma and determine oral cleanliness, an oral examination was performed. A total of 11.3 percent of the people in the study had gingival pyogenic granuloma. Women in their second decade made up the majority of gingival pyogenic granuloma cases. Gingival pyogenic granuloma was found in a high percentage of buccal gingiva in the upper jaw. A strong link between gingival pyogenic granuloma and its history has been discovered. A link was found between gingival pyogenic granuloma, oral hygiene, and overall health. However, there were no significant links between gingival pyogenic granuloma and gingival pyogenic granuloma and gingival pyogenic granuloma and gingival (type of systemic disease, age groups, number of children, complications of pregnancy, marital status and pregnancy trimester).

Author (S) Details

Abdulkareem Hussain Alwan
Periodontics Department, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq and Dentistry Department, Al-Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq.

Faraedon M. Zardawi
Periodontics Department, College of Dentistry, Sulaimani University, Iraq.

Sarhang S. Gul
Periodontics Department, College of Dentistry, Sulaimani University, Iraq.

Afnan Abdulkareem Hussain
First Specialized Dental Center, Baquba, Diyala Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Iraq.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V10/article/view/2257

A Case Report on Epithelioid Haemangioma of the Forehead | Chapter 7 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 14

 Epitheloid haemangioma is a soft tissue tumor that develops from the vascular endothelium. Epitheloid haemangioma is a rare type of vascular endothelial tumor. We present a 22-year-old patient with a swelling of the forehead region that resembles a sebaceous cyst clinically. It was an epitheloid heamangioma, as determined by histopathology. She was monitored for two years and no recurrences occurred during that time. Because the cutaneous manifestation of this condition is extremely rare, this case is being documented.

 
Author (S) Details

Dr. Surya Rao Rao Venkata Mahipathy
Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V14/article/view/1653

A Critical Discussion: Possibility of the Strategic Treatment for Various Tumors Using the Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Based on the Common Pathologic Findings that Mast Cells and Leukotrienes are Involved in the Development and Proliferation of Tumors | Chapter 2 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 13

 One of the antiallergic drugs, the leukotriene receptor antagonist, is indicated with an asthmatic therapeutic drug. We discovered that mast cells and a leukotriene receptor were frequently present in a variety of malignant and benign tumours, proving that the allergic reaction was closely linked to tumour growth and proliferation. We also tested the effectiveness of using a leukotriene receptor antagonist to treat a spontaneous rat tumour and found it to be effective. Our findings indicate that this drug has a broad impact and has less side effects, which may lead to a debate about chemotherapy for the present malignant tumour. The latest evidence and potential prospects in the oncotherapy of the leukotriene receptor antagonist are briefly summarised in this commentary. Combination treatment with leukotriene receptor antagonists alone or other medications is expected to be a potential therapy for tumours. We also hope that preventive medicine will be created to prevent benign tumours from being malignant.

Author (s) Details

Masao Sugamata
Department of Pathology, Tochigi Institute of Clinical Pathology, Japan

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTMMR-V13/article/view/733