Endobronchial Schwannoma: A Rare Benign Tumor| Chapter 11 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 3

 Schwannomas are excellent benign tumors of the nerve covering that frequently cultivate from the costovertebral angle and posterior mediastinum. Endobronchial schwannomas are extremely exceptional.  In fact, only a few cases have happened reported in the composition. Those benign tumors show only 0.2% of all lung one. The subjects are usually asymptomatic. As the dispassionate and radiological presentations are non-particular, it can present a diagnostic challenge. We present a case of an endobronchial schwannoma that prevented the right upper flap bronchus.

Author(s) Details: Touil Imen, Department of Surgery, Al-Shiffa General Hospital, Basrah, Iraq. Boudaya Mohamed Sadok, Department of Surgery, Al-Shiffa General Hospital, Basrah, Iraq. Aloui Raoudha, Department of Radiology, Al-Shiffa General Hospital, Basrah, Iraq. Brahem Yosra, Pulmonology Department, Taher Sfar Hospital, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisia. Souhir Ksissa, Pulmonology Department, Taher Sfar Hospital, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisia. Ben Attig Yosr, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia. Ksontini Meriem, Anatomopathology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia. Boussoffara Leila, Pulmonology Department, Taher Sfar Hospital, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisia. Bouchareb Soumaya, Pulmonology Department, Taher Sfar Hospital, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisia. Knani Jalel, Pulmonology Department, Taher Sfar Hospital, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisia. Keskes Boudawara Nadia, Pulmonology Department, Taher Sfar Hospital, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisia. Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V3/article/view/9070

Determination of Corneal Endothelial Cell Density and Morphology in Nigerians| Chapter 6 | Perspective of Recent Advances in Medical Research Vol. 6

 Aim: This unit aims to determine the corneal endothelial container density and makeup in Nigerians.Method: A population-located cross-sectional study was administered among adult Nigerians in Port Harcourt, in the south Nigeria. Using a multi-stage cluster random sampling plan, study participants were preferred. All subjects underwent eye examinations: keen sight testing, and beginning segment test including specular microscopy and funducsopy.Results: A total of 480 colleagues (n=480) were investigated. There were 212 men (44.2%) and 268 females (55.8%) accompanying a mean age of 43.0±14.2 years and range of 18-91 age. The results showed that the mean Endothelial Cell Density (ECD) was 2791±221 containers/mm2. Males tended to have a larger ECD (2882±220 cells/mm2) than women (2784±215 cells/mm2, p=0.490) in ages inferior 40 years.Conclusion: The mean ECD acquired in adult Nigerians was 2791±221 cells/mm2. There was no statistically meaningful difference in ECD middle from two points males and women. In the study population, the level of corneal endothelial container polymegathism rose with age, but this was more not statistically significant (p=0.141).

Author(s) Details:

Efeoghene U. Ani,
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Sebastian N. N. Nwosu,
Department of Ophthalmology, Guinness Eye Centre, Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria.

Chinyere N. Pedro-Egbe,
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Sotonibi A. H. Cookey,
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Elizabeth A. Awoyesuku,
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PRAMR-V6/article/view/9151

Studies on the Patterns of Interferon-Gamma and Interleukin-10 Production as a Potential Immuno-biomarker for the Outcome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection | Chapter 12 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 1

 Cellular immunity mediates the host immune response against Mycobacterium TB (MTb), with cytokines and MTb-specific T cells playing a key role. Immunodiagnostic testing allows for the identification of MTb and the differentiation of different stages of MTb infection. However, the current tuberculosis (TB) immunodiagnostics pipeline has flaws, necessitating innovative approaches to TB control. Biomarkers that improve the clinical performance of current immunodiagnostic techniques in tuberculosis disease and therapy monitoring are needed. Because the dynamic changes and balance in key pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production can control or predict the clinical outcome of MTb infection, this study sought to determine the patterns of MTb-specific antigen-stimulated Interferon-gamma (IFN-) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) production in different clinical forms of MTb infection, as well as their concomitant changes during anti-MTb therapy (ATT). A total of 84 HIV-negative people were vaccinated with BCG, with 25 Healthy Community Controls (HCC), At enrollment (baseline) and during ATT at 2-month (ATT1) and 6-month (ATT2), 27 Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) cases and a cohort of 32 Acute Pulmonary Tuberculosis (APTB) patients were tested for IFN- and IL-10 responses (ATT2). At enrolment, there were no significant differences in age, gender, or CD4+ T counts, although there were significant differences in other socio-demographics and haematological parameters, p0.05. HCC (223.5058.11 pg/ml) had substantially higher baseline Sandwich ELISA-measured IFN- levels than LTBI (128.8241.81 pg/ml) and APTB (47.8222.05 pg/ml), with p0.0001 in each case. IFN- levels increased considerably at ATT1 (125.3716.09 pg/ml) and ATT2 (203.3523.24 pg/ml) during treatment, p0.0001. IL-10 levels increased considerably in APTB (17.536.30 pg/ml) compared to LTBI (10.712.39 pg/ml) and HCC (7.492.02 pg/ml), P0.0001, but decreased significantly in ATT1 (10.542.25 pg/ml) and ATT2 (5.251.45 pg/ml), P=0.0001. The cytokines response combination ratio revealed a ‘High' HCC, ‘Intermediate' LTBI, or ‘Low' APTB ratio that increased with effective ATT; the two MDR-TB patients had a fluctuating but consistently low ratio during ATT. Despite inter-individual variance in cytokine responses, the findings show that MTb-exposed adults have immunological competence, that IFN- and IL-10 cytokines cross-regulate, and clearly support a shift toward an IFN-mediated pro-inflammatory host immune phenotype during efficient MTb infection control. The IFN-/IL-10 response ratio is a new possible immunological biomarker for determining whether an MTb infection will settle, develop to TB, or become drug-resistant.

Author (S) Details

Benson Olu Akinshipe
Departments of Medical Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Igbinedion University & Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital, Okada, Nigeria.

Anthony Chukwuka Nwaobi
Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria.

Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji
Environmental Biology Research Unit, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Friday Alfred Ehiaghe
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria and Lahor Research Laboratory and Medical Centre, Benin City, Nigeria.

Herbert Obi Okpala
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Igbinedion University, Okada, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V1/article/view/3355

Review of Screening and Monitoring Treatment of ADHD in Adults with Processing-Speed | Chapter 10 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

 The goal of the study was to look at the characteristics and clinical applications of processing-speed tests in the treatment of people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. No gender bias, excellent test-retest reliability, and appropriate levels of concurrent validity are required for neuropsychological testing, according to normative and clinical evidence. People with ADHD have different recurring patterns in color-form naming and overhead values than healthy individuals, people with depression without ADHD, and adults with dementia. The processing-speed profiles show that single-dimension colors and forms have average-normal response times, color-form combos have longer-than-average response times, and overhead values are higher than typical. Independent studies of methylphenidate dose effects in medication-naive and previouslymedicated adults with ADHD and ADHD substance use disorder found statistical differences in color-form naming times and overhead measures at baseline without medication and at endpoint with stimulant medication in medication-naive and previouslymedicated adults with ADHD and ADHD substance use disorder. The findings imply that the measures could be used in conjunction with observational judgments of ADHD symptomatology to screen for and monitor stimulant-medication effects.

Author (s) Details

Niels Peter Nielsen,
Department of Psychiatry, Västervik Hospital, Västervik, Sweden.

Dr. Elisabeth H. Wiig,
Boston University Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders and Knowledge Research Institute, Inc., Arlington, Texas, USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V1/article/view/1183