A Silent Threat: A Case Study of Oral Malignant Melanoma | Chapter 10 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 1

Melanoma of the oral cavity is a rare malignant tumor that develops from a malignant melanocytic or de novo from melanocytes within the normal mucosa or skin and appears blue, black, or reddish-brown. Oral melanomas develop quietly, with only a few signs, until they have progressed. Oral mucosal melanoma has a higher proclivity for metastasis and attacks tissue more aggressively than any other malignant tumor in the mouth. Intestinal melanoma of the head and neck is an uncommon type of cancer that should be counted among the deadliest. Malignant melanoma of the oral cavity accounts for only 0.2%-8.0% of all reported melanoma, although it accounts for 0.5% of all malignant neoplasia of the oral cavity. Because most melanotic mucosal lesions are painless at first, the diagnosis is sometimes delayed until the ulcer or growth causes symptoms. The prognosis for oral melanoma is poor, with a five-year survival rate of around 10% to 25%. Life expectancy is fewer than two years on average. Early detection is critical for effective therapy and the only way to improve survival and prognosis in patients with oral malignant melanoma due to its poor prognosis. To avoid oral melanomas, every single-colored lesion identified in the oral cavity should be treated with suspicion and adequate inquiry because a colored lesion might expand, and it should be referred for a biopsy to avoid misdiagnosis. A 70-year-old female patient visited the outpatient department with the major complaint of a non-tender growth in the right back area of the maxilla for one month. The patient was known for consuming betel nuts and putting them in the oral cavity and chewing for long hours. A CT scan revealed hypodense soft tissue density that developed into a massive lesion that appeared to cover the upper right alveolar arch. The patient was diagnosed with Malignant melanoma. The patient presented after three months and the size and extent of the lesion had increased. This study shows how the oral clinic is important in the diagnosis of oral ulcers and argues that early detection is necessary to enhance patient outcomes.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Monal M. Kukde
Datta Meghe Medical College and Shalinitai Meghe Hospital, Nagpur, India.

 

Anil U. Madurwar
Chandrapur CT Scan and MRI Center, Chandrapur, India.

 

Deepak Selokar
NMC, Nagpur, India.

Obaid Noman
Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, India.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v1/4699

Advanced Treatment of Vitiligo, a Study of Needling + UVB for Vitiligo | Chapter 17 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 Vitiligo is an ever-increasing condition that affects people of all ages around the world. Sun exposure, UVR, oral and topical psoralens are all used in different regimens. NEEDLING is paired with narrow band UVB radiation in our study, which is an innovative effort with a novel concept. The Melanocytes in the normal skin around the vitiligo patch can be pushed into the vitiligo patch, and subsequent UVB induced melanogenesis heals vitiligo, according to our hypothesis.

Methods: A 30-G needle with a short stem is gently placed parallel to the skin through the normal skin edge into the vitiligo patch at the level of the D-E junction. NEEDLING pulls epidermal cells, including melanocytes, as a micro inoculation, resulting in several small populations of melanocytes in the vitiligo area, which are subsequently exposed to narrow band UVB, causing melanogenesis and thereby repigmentation of the area. One centimetre apart, many needle pushes are conducted through the edge into the vitiligo patch. Needling is done once a week for all patients, and UVB is done three times a week.

From July 2009 through July 2016, a study of this combination was conducted on 300 patients of both sexes in various age groups, with follow-up continuing. In several of these individuals, a comparison with UVB alone (without needling) was made at some patches. It was decided on inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as a result criteria and a study Performa with follow-up information. All of the patients' photos were taken in the beginning and then every three weeks after that. A few patients were biopsied to see how the needling affected them.

In comparison to UVB alone, this combined treatment has proven to be quite safe and effective against vitiligo in all age groups. All of the patients saw rapid repigmentation. The face has the best outcomes, with more than 90% repigmentation in all age categories. Repigmentation is still good, but it is slower in the periphery. Repigmentation was observed to begin at the periphery of the vitiligo patch (where needling begins) as little black dots, with subsequent needling through these spots eventually repigmenting the centre portions. Because needling employs melanocytes from the skin around the vitiligo patch rather than follicular cells, repigmentation is also possible over areas with grey hair. This bolstered the case for needling as an effective adjunct to UVB therapy.

Author(S) Details

M. I. Sheikh
Consultant Dermatologist, Alhamd Skin Clinic, Pakistan.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V9/article/view/4600

Vitiligo and Thyroid Autoimmunity | Chapter 2 | Innovations in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3

Vitiligo is an acquired skin disorder characterized by depigmented maculae resulting from a reduction or the number and function of melanocytes. It is characterized by macular depigmentation of varying sizes or shapes with a tendency to progress. The etiopathogenesis of the disease is still unclear, but there is evidence that autoimmunity and endocrine dysfunction may be involved. Vitiligo has been reported in association with numerous endocrine disorders. One of the main association is with thyroid abnormalities. Thyroid autoimmunity is the most prevalent autoimmune condition in the general population, and is also associated with various skin diseases. The mechanisms by which these diseases develop are unknown, although it is likely that diseases occur in genetically susceptible individuals exposed to a permissive environment.  This chapter is an attempt to update the current knowledge about the relationship between vitiligo and thyroid autoimmunity. Although cutaneous manifestation of autoimmune thyroid diseases are well described, a better understanding of these processes is needed. It is a multidisciplinary problem requiring cooperation of specialist in different fields of medicine. Both dermatologist and endocrinologists have to inquire their patients about the family history of autoimmune diseases and to look for associated disorders. 

Author(s) Details 

 Emina Kasumagic-Halilovic
Department of Dermatovenereology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Nermina Ovcina-Kurtovic
Department of Dermatovenereology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/178