Revolutionising Lung Cancer Diagnostics: The Role of Liquid Biopsy and Tumour-Derived Biomarkers | Chapter 11 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 9

 

Cigarette smoking is the primary cause of lung cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. Lung cancer ranks second among cancer diagnoses for both genders in the US and is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. The study aims to assess the role of liquid Biopsy and tumour-derived biomarkers in diagnostic lung cancer. Numerous body fluids and tissues include tumour-derived biomarkers for lung cancer, which offer important information for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring. These biomarkers consist of tumour-derived exosomes, microRNAs (miRNAs), circulating tumour cells (CTCs), and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA). This study found that CTCs are tumour cells that separate from primary or metastatic lesions and enter the peripheral circulation on their own or as a consequence of a diagnosis or therapeutic procedure. Moreover, Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bound, nanoscale particles secreted into the extracellular space by cells. Microvesicles (MVs), exosomes, and apoptotic bodies are the three primary subtypes of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Along with the cfDNA fraction contains DNA produced by tumour cells after apoptosis, necrosis, or active secretion. With ongoing advancements, liquid biopsy represents a transformative step toward precision oncology, offering hope for improved outcomes through earlier detection, better monitoring, and tailored therapy in lung cancer.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Gyanendra Singh
Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India.

 

Tarang Patel
Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India.

 

Kesha Rachani
Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India.

 

Vishal Tayade
Grant Medical College and Sir J.J Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400008, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v9/6037

IMRT Optimization Method for Patients with Lung Cancer Using Firefly and Genetic Algorithms | Chapter 3 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 5

This study presents a multi-objective model for scheduling Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Treatment (IMRT) in patients with lung cancer, based on Genetic Algorithms (GA). Cancer classification can be beneficial to forecast the results of certain diseases or to find tumours' genetic behaviour. The suggested approach is used to minimise the fitness function defined as the mean squared error by optimizing the weight between layers and biases. The data set consists of 120 cases of CT indicators of lung cancer, 26 of which are chosen as the basis of diagnosis of lung cancer. In this study, a new approach is used to establish an accurate classification model by combining the recently developed heuristic algorithm Firefly Algorithm with the Genetic Algorithm in order to optimiseoptimize the values of weights and biases with the purpose of decreasing the mean squared error (mse), which is the study’s objective function. When compared to existing algorithms, the suggested GA-based Firefly Algorithm  (FA) technique was shown to have the lowest mean squared error of 0.0014. The GA schedules, using real data acquired at the Cancer Center in collaboration, are effective. The suggested GA-based FA is discussed and assessment results are displayed. In terms of accuracy and mse, the proposed model, which is based on the GA, beats other algorithms, according to the evaluation data.

Author(s) Details:

Keshav Kumar K.,
Department of Humanities and Mathematics, G. Narayanamma Institute of Technology and Science (for Women), Hyderabad-500 104, Telangana, India.

N. V. S. L. Narasimham,
Department of Humanities and Mathematics, G. Narayanamma Institute of Technology and Science (for Women), Hyderabad-500 104, Telangana, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPSTR-V5/article/view/13277

Psychological Distress and the Role of Health Locus of Control in Lung Cancer Patients during the Covid-19 Pandemic | Chapter 11 | Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 Aim: To prospectively review the prevalence of psychological distress knowing by lung malignancy patients during COVID-19 universal, the factors providing in its increase, and the impact of health position of control on it.Materials and Methods: 160 consecutive lung tumor outpatients were studied, at the Oncology Clinic of Chest Diseases General Hospital “Sotiria”, Athens, Greece.  Health behaviours and subjective distress were assessed using the Health Locus of Control Scale (HLOCS) and the Distress Thermometer (DT), individually. Demographic and medical dossier were retrieved through medical records.Results: The mean age of the sample was 66.2 age and the majority was men, accompanying chemotherapy being ultimate frequents treatment modality. The most frequent material problems were fatigue (63.7%), breathing (48.1%), and sleep disorders (45.0%). Nervousness (41.3%), tension (46.9%), fears (21.9%) and grief (29.4%) were ultimate prevalent emotional questions. Women experienced overall distress at a better extent compared to husbands (p .012), with significant distinctnesses in physical (p=.005), affecting (p=.001), family (p= .011) and practical questions (p=.008), and more specifically accompanying treatment-related determinations (p=.000), depression (p=.000), fears (p=.000), grief (p=.000), otherworldly/religious worries (p=.008) and presentation (p=.000) A strong positive equating was found 'tween all DT subscales (p .012). HLOC tended to be outside since distress was positively troubled by the subscales “doctors” and “chance”, displaying that patients rely upon these two factors to control their disease alternatively themselves. HLOC was also definitely correlated with the attendance of psychological questions (p < .05), with a difference middle from two points the two sexes, with husbands having larger scores in iHLOC compared to women (p=.004).Conclusions: External HLOC has a negative affect psychological distress, that in turn is affected by cooperative emotional and physical questions. These should stop living into account when treating bronchi cancer sufferers amidst unpredictable positions and frequent screening should be used, in order to improve lung cancer cases’ quality of existence.

Author(s) Details:

Frosyna Anagnosti,
Nursing Department, “Sotiria” Athens’ Chest Diseases Hospital, Athens, Greece and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.

Georgia Hardavella,
9th Department of Respiratory Medicine, “Sotiria” Athens’ Chest Diseases Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Dimitra Lekka,
Department of Psychiatry, “Sotiria” Athens’ Chest Diseases Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Dimitra Darahani,
Nursing Department, “Sotiria” Athens’ Chest Diseases Hospital, Athens, Greece and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.

Fragkiski Anthouli-Anagnostopoulou,
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.

Petros Papagiorgis,
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.

Dimitrios Chaniotis,
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.

Nikolaos Thalassinos,
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V7/article/view/11599

Biomarkers for Early Detection of Lung Cancer | Chapter 7 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

 Lung Cancer is individual of the leading causes for tumor related deaths accompanying a 5-year continuation rate of only 18%.These are broadly divided into 2 types: NSCLC (non-limited cell alveolus cancer) and SCLC (small container lung tumor) and although treatments like a destructive agent, targeted situations are commonly used, the endurance rate is still very poor on account of the late detection of these cancers. Biomarkers are easily occurring biological genes that show changes when a tumor composition takes place. Various experimental and research data was brought back from search engines like PubMed, Google Scholar etc. Our item provides an overview of body part cancer, allure therapies, and mainly concentrates on potential biomarkers that take care of aid in the early detection of bronchi cancer.

Author(s) Details:

Vinit Vaidya,
Department of Botany, Thakur College of Science and Commerce, Thakur Village, Kandivali (East), Mumbai-400101, India.

Vedaant Bhandary,
Department of Botany, Thakur College of Science and Commerce, Thakur Village, Kandivali (East), Mumbai-400101, India.

Priyanshi Vishwakarma,
Department of Botany, Thakur College of Science and Commerce, Thakur Village, Kandivali (East), Mumbai-400101, India.

Faisal Qureshi,
Department of Botany, Thakur College of Science and Commerce, Thakur Village, Kandivali (East), Mumbai-400101, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V3/article/view/9916

A Case Report of a Non-Specific Inflammatory Intra-Thoracic Mass Mimicking Malignancy | Chapter 14 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

 A 42- time-old man presented to the exigency department with the complaint of patient cough and hemoptysis. The clinical and radiological findings suggested a low grade malice. An en- bloc resection of the tumour with glutinous casket wall and diaphragm was performed. We were surprised to discover habitualnon-specific inflammation on histology. Although a many benignintra-thoracic lesions have been mentioned to mimic lung cancer, anon-specific seditious mass lesion masquerading as cancer has noway been revealed. Then we bandy the individual and remedial challenges involved in managing this unique clinical reality.

Author(s) Details:

Satya Prakash Meena,
Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V5/article/view/8472

Methyl-donors Induce Apoptosis and Attenuate Proliferation Pathways Mediated by Akt and Erk1/2 in Breast and Lung Cancer Cell Lines| Chapter 5 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 9

 We expected to investigate what methyl-contributor therapies mean for the development, expansion, apoptosis and the connected pathways in chemical positive obtrusive bosom disease (MCF7 and T47D) and NSCLC cellular breakdown in the lungs (A549 and H1650) cell lines. Methyl-givers are utilized as an adjunctive help in oncotherapy and assume basic parts in physiological cycles catalyzed by coenzymes of the B nutrients. Our hypothesis was that methyl-benefactors may straightforwardly hinder growth advancement and expansion as well as assisting patients with enduring disease treatment. Methyl-giver treatment essentially decreased the expansion in undeniably examined cell lines, perhaps through the downregulation of MAPK/ERK and AKT flagging. These were joined by the upregulation of the supportive of apoptotic Bak, Bax both in MCF7 and H1650 cells, at diminished enemy of apoptotic Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 levels in MCF7 and H1650 cells, separately. The treatment actuated downregulation of p-p53(Thr55) was probably going to add to safeguarding the atomic limitation and apoptosis inciting elements of p53. The highlights that are being offered are known to build the responsiveness of disease treatment. Considering this, the perceptions are predictable with the hypothesis that methyl-givers might safeguard p53 exercises by advancing apoptotic announcing downregulating both the MAPK/ERK and the AKT pathways in bosom and cellular breakdown in the lungs cell lines. Our outcomes can stress the significance and advantages of the proper dietary backings in malignant growth medicines. Notwithstanding, further examinations are expected to affirm these impacts with next to no antagonistic result in clinical settings.

Author(s) Details:

Eva Kiss,
Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Oncology Profile, Semmelweis University, Budapest-1083, Hungary.

Gertrud Forika,
Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.

Reka Mohacsi,
Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Oncology Profile, Semmelweis University, Budapest-1083, Hungary.

Magdolna Dank,
Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Oncology Profile, Semmelweis University, Budapest-1083, Hungary.

Tibor Krenacs,
Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.

Istvan Takacs,

Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest-1083, Hungary.

Zsuzsanna Nemeth,

Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest-1083, Hungary.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V9/article/view/8012

Thin Film Gas Sensors Detecting Hydrogen Peroxide | Chapter 8 | New Trends in Physical Science Research Vol. 8

 

This review discusses the results of studies on many types of semiconductor H2O2 sensors. The properties of electrochemical detectors, sensors based on organic and inorganic materials, graphene and nanosensors are analyzed. Optical and fluorescent sensors, detectors made of porous materials, quantum dots, fibers and spheres are briefly discussed. The results of our studies at the YSU of hydrogen peroxide sensors  from solid solutions of carbon nanotubes with semiconducting metal oxides are also presented in the review. The basics of making respiratory biomarkers containing vapors of  hydrogen peroxide, which allow assessing the degree of disease of a person with various respiratory diseases (asthma, lung cancer, etc.), are discussed.

Author(s) Details:

Vladimir M. Aroutiounian,
Yerevan State University, Armenia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NTPSR-V8/article/view/7887

How to Prepare Optimum Cell Blocks in Lung Cancer: A Clinical Approach | Chapter 21 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

 In high-risk patients, fine needle aspiration with cell blocks can be used to diagnose lung cancer. Because ancillary studies are critical for lung cancer diagnosis, subtyping, and prediction of targeted therapy response, good cellularity and morphology are critical. Due to a lack of consistency in cell block preparation processes, inadequate cellularity of cell blocks (CBs) is a prevalent issue. We provide a new cell block preparation approach for pulmonary cytology specimens, in which sediments from centrifuged aspirates were collected on multilayer filter papers, then a partially melted 2 percent agarose gel was applied to the cell button. Without using immunohistochemistry, 22 cases of lung cancer were subtyped out of 41 cell blocks. In 14 cases, immunohistochemistry was used to determine subtyping. Only benign respiratory epithelium with fibrosis was seen in four cases. Although we identified enough cellularity in all instances (100%), confirming diagnosis was not possible in four (9.7%) of them.

Author (S) Details 

 Fanny S. Desai
 Himalaya Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Vadodara, Pin: 390008, Gujarat, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V2/article/view/4292

Study on the Role of Rebiopsy in Relapsed Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer for Directing Oncology Treatments | Chapter 8 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

 Background: In advanced non-small cell lung cancer relapses, few rebiopsies are being performed. They are not commonly used in lung cancer clinical practise. However, without identifying the type of new lesions, it is impossible to adequately target therapy in cases of relapse.

Clarify the existing situation and investigate the need for rebiopsy.

Design: This paper examines the existing literature on rebiopsy and addresses the significance of rebiopsy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer in general.

The information for further study consisted of 560 abstracts in total. Nineteen of the articles were regarding clinical rebiopsy in lung cancer and were thoroughly reviewed.

Conclusions: This review demonstrates that rebiopsy is possible in non-small cell lung cancer, and that success rates can be high if the procedure is preceded by thorough examination. Its application could help to overcome problems like sampling bias and detecting changes in cancer features. When treatment is chosen based on tissue features that change, the treatment selection procedure must be redone while taking into account new tumour characteristics. However, before rebiopsy, a thorough assessment of the risks of complications, including anatomic and technical elements of tumour access, should be carried out. Rebiopsy has the potential to forecast therapeutic resistance and, as a result, to refocus targeted medicines. Such knowledge could help tackle problems like sample bias, as well as selecting pre-existing clones and developing drug-resistant ones. In non-small cell lung cancer, rebiopsy should be done more frequently. After the first biopsy that established the diagnosis, a rebiopsy is performed.

Author(S) Details

Antti P. Jekunen
Clinical Cancer Research Center, Vaasa Oncology Clinic, Turku University, Hietalahdenkatu 2-4, Vaasa 65100, Finland.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V1/article/view/4071

Comparative Study: Local Consolidation Therapy versus Observation for Oligometastatic Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Phase II Randomized Trial | Chapter 4 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol.5

 

We conducted phase II randomized study to determine whether oligometastatic NSCLC without
disease progression after first line chemotherapy, have pro-longed progression free survival when
treated with local consolidation therapy of residual disease followed by surveillance compared with no
local consolidation therapy (observation). Forty eight eligible patients were randomized to either
immediate or no local consolidation radiotherapy. Median PFS was 9.5 months (95% CI 7.8 - 11.08)
in local consolidation arm and 4.5 months (95%CI 3.9 - 5.7) in observation arm. Patients in local
consolidation arm had longer median time to appearance of new metastatic sites (10 months CI 9.3 -
12.6) than those patients in observation arm (4.5 months CI 4.2 - 6.9). Median overall survival (OS) of
patients in local consolidation arm was 12 months (95% CI 12.1 - 18.01) and in observation arm 10
months (95% CI 8.7 - 13.8). One year OS rate was 42.3% in local consolidation arm and 31.8% in
observation arm; 2 year OS rate was 23.1% in local consolidation arm and only 4.5% in observation
arm. Local consolidation radiotherapy is simple, safe, efficient, and not expensive treatment for
oligometastatic non small cell lung cancer after upfront chemotherapy. Local consolidation
radiotherapy achieved significantly prolonged progression free survival and delayed appearance of
new metastatic sites. Phase III studies are recommended to test benefit of local consolidation
radiotherapy to gain prolonged progression free survival and overall survival. Also, define optimal
patients’ subgroups that are more likely to benefit of local consolidation radiotherapy.

Author (s) Details

Ghada Ezzat Eladawei
Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

Rasha Mohamed Abdellatif
Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

Sheref Mohamed El-Taher
Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/270