Diagnosing Cognitive-Emotional Appraisals of 13-year-old Students during Classroom Learning| Chapter 2 | Language, Literature and Education: Research Updates Vol. 8

 

The present study adopted the fundamental principles of appraisal theories of emotions in order to investigate students' appraisals based on their perceptions about teaching and communication during the lessons. The cognitive appraisals of students were evaluated in the context of three subject matters: Bulgarian language, history and biology. The data were collected from 202 pupils in the 6th grade of a Bulgarian comprehensive school. The application of statistical procedures in the data analysis demonstrated elevated levels of reliability and validity of the questionnaire. The questionnaire design enables the monitoring of fluctuations in cognitive-emotional appraisals by subject matter and by phase of the lesson. Two predominant trends emerged in the students' appraisals: the activity and extraversion of their behaviour are contingent on the phase of the lesson and the subject matter; fear has low levels.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Nina Gerdzhikova
 Paisii Hilendarski University, Bulgaria.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/lleru/v8/6150

Revolutionising Lung Cancer Diagnostics: The Role of Liquid Biopsy and Tumour-Derived Biomarkers | Chapter 11 | Medical Science: Recent Advances and Applications Vol. 9

 

Cigarette smoking is the primary cause of lung cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. Lung cancer ranks second among cancer diagnoses for both genders in the US and is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. The study aims to assess the role of liquid Biopsy and tumour-derived biomarkers in diagnostic lung cancer. Numerous body fluids and tissues include tumour-derived biomarkers for lung cancer, which offer important information for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring. These biomarkers consist of tumour-derived exosomes, microRNAs (miRNAs), circulating tumour cells (CTCs), and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA). This study found that CTCs are tumour cells that separate from primary or metastatic lesions and enter the peripheral circulation on their own or as a consequence of a diagnosis or therapeutic procedure. Moreover, Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bound, nanoscale particles secreted into the extracellular space by cells. Microvesicles (MVs), exosomes, and apoptotic bodies are the three primary subtypes of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Along with the cfDNA fraction contains DNA produced by tumour cells after apoptosis, necrosis, or active secretion. With ongoing advancements, liquid biopsy represents a transformative step toward precision oncology, offering hope for improved outcomes through earlier detection, better monitoring, and tailored therapy in lung cancer.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Gyanendra Singh
Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India.

 

Tarang Patel
Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India.

 

Kesha Rachani
Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rajkot, Gujarat, India.

 

Vishal Tayade
Grant Medical College and Sir J.J Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400008, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msraa/v9/6037

Minimally Invasive Approaches to Chronic Abdominal Pain: The Role of Laparoscopy | Chapter 6 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 11

Chronic abdominal pain is a prevalent complaint that significantly impacts patients’ quality of life, causing both physical and psychological distress. This study evaluates the role of diagnostic and therapeutic laparoscopy in addressing chronic and recurrent idiopathic abdominal pain, assessing its epidemiology, clinical features, and outcomes. A prospective study conducted on 63 patients revealed that diagnostic laparoscopy is a safe, effective modality that not only identifies underlying causes but also facilitates immediate therapeutic interventions. Positive outcomes were observed in over 90% of patients within two months of follow-up, highlighting its dual diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Ranjeet S Kamble
Department of Surgery, LTMMC and LTMGH, Sion, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

 

Pankil Mota
Department of Surgery, LTMMC and LTMGH, Sion, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

 

Rajeev Karvande
Department of Surgery, LTMMC and LTMGH, Sion, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v11/3790

Unusual Anatomical-Clinical Entity of the Peritoneo-Vaginal Canal Pathologies at the Central Hospital of Yaounde: A Case Report | Chapter 12 | Research Highlights in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

 Introduction: Peritoneo vaginal waterway pathologies are congenital conditions on account of the persistence of the peritoneo vaginal waterway after birth. This channel is an emanation of the peritoneal cavity. The defeat of closure of this channel is the cause of four anatomical/dispassionate entities: hernia, writing hydrocele (CH), non-communicating hydrocele (NCH) and spermatic cord sac (SCH), also known as funicular hydrocele. Treatment is surgical.Observation: We present a type of peritoneo vaginal canal study of plants in a 10-year-traditional subject. The diagnosis based on remembered and clinical grounds but disease of this type of peritoneo-vaginal waterway was made in the operating room. The next postoperative course was simple. Peritoneal study of animal was confirmed in both samples.Conclusion: This case enables us discover of the existence of this excellent anatomical-clinical individual, which requires a perfectionist dissection of the peritoneo vaginal waterway during surgery.

Author(s) Details:

J. C. Fouda,
Yaounde Central Hospital, Cameroon and University of Yaounde I, Cameroon.

P. F. Owon'Abessolo,
Yaounde Central Hospital, Cameroon and University of Douala, Cameroon.

J. B. Mekeme,
Yaounde Central Hospital, Cameroon and University of Yaounde I, Cameroon.

D. Nyanit Bob,
Yaounde Central Hospital, Cameroon and University of Yaounde I, Cameroon.

T. I. Kouna,
University of Yaounde I, Cameroon.

Y. M. Mekeme,
University of Yaounde I, Cameroon.

T. Tchappi,
University of Yaounde I, Cameroon.

P. Nkodo,
University of Yaounde I, Cameroon.

A. A. Mbassi,
Yaounde Central Hospital, Cameroon and University of Douala, Cameroon.

P. J. Fouda,
Yaounde Central Hospital, Cameroon and University of Yaounde I, Cameroon.

T. F. Mouafo,
University of Yaounde I, Cameroon.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHDHR-V2/article/view/9654

Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanocarriers as a Promising Nanocarrier for Drug Delivery| Chapter 5 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

 Objective: The basic goal concerning this review is to discuss ultimate prominent nanocarrier “Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticle” (LPHNP) that overcomes the disadvantage of lipid and polymeric nanoparticles.  This is made up of a polymeric gist and lipid as an outer coating. Lipid-based Nanoparticle has some disadvantages like insufficient drug stowing, fast drug release and physical and synthetic instability all along storage. The polymeric core epitomizes both hydrophilic & hydrophobic drugs and the lipid covering is also gifted to encapsulate lipophilic drugs and provides a coat that gives a obstacle to prevent drug discharge & easily intelligent to the skin. The LPHNPs have a wide range of requests in drug delivery, drug targeting, tumor treatment, intelligence drug delivery, diversified drug delivery, delivery of demonstrative imaging powers and Small interfering Ribonucleic acid (siRNA) etc.Methods: This gathering is based on material from the information, where two-step and Single-step designs were used to manufacture LPHNPs. Most analysts employ the Single-step order of nanoprecipitation and single-step stable evaporation for creating LPHNPs.  Polylactic Glycolic acid (PLGA), Poly € caprolactone, Chitosan, Alginate, Dextron, Sodium Alginate, etc are secondhand as polymeric core and Stearic Acid, Palmitic Acid, Cetyl Alcohol, Behenol Alcohol, etc secondhand as lipid core.Results: We judged each finding in light of the research and the writers' knowledge. Diffusion mechanisms, attended by erosive processes and origin swelling, are all necessary for drug release. The lipid structure offers a biocompatible barrier that functions like the skin's phospholipid bilayer and is quickly absorbed for one skin. For the treatment of cancer, that is to say also intelligent to deliver multi-drug and demonstrative imaging powers.Conclusion: The Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles are the most well-known nanocarrier for drug childbirth.  It has a high bioavailability and is worthy delivering two together hydrophilic and lipophilic medications.

Author(s) Details:

Pankaj Kumar Jaiswal,
IEC College of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201310, India.

Princy Malik,
IEC College of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201310, India.

Shikha Kesharwani,
Chandra Shekhar Singh College of Pharmacy, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh-212203, India.

Priyanka Singh,
IEC College of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201310, India and Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan-304022, India.

Sakshi Gupta,
ABESIT College of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh-201009, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V9/article/view/8674

Study on Mayaro Virus Disease: Symptoms and Treatments | Chapter 10 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 1

The goal of this chapter was to go over the various features of fever induced by the Mayaro virus, including symptoms, aetiology, therapy, and diagnosis. Mayaro virus causes a vague, sublethal disease in humans, with symptoms similar to chikungunya, dengue fever, and other viruses. Arthralgia symptoms, which are frequently connected with viral infections, can be incapacitating. Since initial isolation in 1954 [Trinidad and Tobago], outbreaks have been confined and infrequent inside the Pan-Amazonia forest. As a result, the literature available is diverse, sparse, and dispersed. Mayaro virus is an alphavirus that is connected to the Semliki forest antigenic complex phylogenetically. Mayaro and the related UNA viruses are the only members of this group that have been identified in the New World. Mayaro's genome is made up of 12 kb of single-stranded positive-charged RNA that can be separated into genomic and subgenomic areas that encode nonstructural and structural proteins, respectively. Mayaro has demonstrated great adaptability in vertebrate hosts for infections, but high selectivity invertebrates for the Culicidae [mosquito] family. Forested environments in northern South America, as well as the rainy season, are risk factors for disease. MAYV has two genotypes: L [limited to Belterra, Brazil] and D [widely dispersed throughout Pan-Amazonia]. The enzootic cycle is analogous to the yellow fever jungle cycle, in which Haemagogus mosquitoes and monkeys serve as reservoirs. Other secondary vectors and hosts, such as Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes scapularis, have been demonstrated experimentally to transmit the virus efficiently, and this poses a threat to the virus's spread. Due to the high viremia levels of infected people, there is a major risk of an emergent disease in urban, rural, and peridomestic areas around Mayaro virus enzootic foci.

Author (S) Details

Salvatore G. De-Simone
FIOCRUZ/Center for Technological Development in Health [CDTS]/National Institute of Science and Technology in Neglected Disease Innovation [INCT-IDN], Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. and Federal Fluminense University, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.

Paloma Napoleão-Pego
FIOCRUZ/Center for Technological Development in Health [CDTS]/National Institute of Science and Technology in Neglected Disease Innovation [INCT-IDN], Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Larissa Rodrigues Gomes
FIOCRUZ/Center for Technological Development in Health [CDTS]/National Institute of Science and Technology in Neglected Disease Innovation [INCT-IDN], Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Guilherme C. Lechuga
FIOCRUZ/Center for Technological Development in Health [CDTS]/National Institute of Science and Technology in Neglected Disease Innovation [INCT-IDN], Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

David W. Provance-Jr
FIOCRUZ/Center for Technological Development in Health [CDTS]/National Institute of Science and Technology in Neglected Disease Innovation [INCT-IDN], Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V1/article/view/3768

Validity of Meningeal Signs in Suspected Meningitis | Chapter 12 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol. 8

 Context: Meningitis, a common medical emergency, an inflammation of the meninges. Specifically, meningeal symptoms such as Kernig's sign, Brudzinski's sign and neck rigidity are used to diagnose a patient with suspected meningitis. It has been indicated that passive neck flexion extends the nerve roots across the inflamed meninges in patients with meningitis, resulting in discomfort and flexion movements of the lower extremities. However, for meningitis, such symptoms are not pathognomonic. The goal of this study is to confirm meningeal signs in 75 suspected meningitis adults.

Methods: 75 patients admitted to our tertiary hospital with suspected meningitis were chosen and split into 2 groups: meningitis patients (n=62) and meningitis-free patients (n=13). If the CSF WBC count was > 6/cmm, meningitis was assumed to be present. Before lumber puncture, the three meningeal signs noted Kernig's sign, Brudzinski's sign and nuchal rigidity in each patient. Calculated sensitivity, precision, and P-value.

Results: Patients with meningitis (n=62) were comparable in demography and clinical appearance to those without meningitis (n=13). Meningeal signs - Of the 62 meningitis patients (WBCs/cmm of CSF ⁇ 6) studied prior to lumbar puncture, 46 (74.2 percent) had neck rigidity, 37 (59.68 percent) had Kernig's sign, and 18 (29.03 percent) had Brudzinski's sign. None of the meningeal symptoms (P<0.001) displayed statistical significance. The sign of Kernig had a sensitivity of 60% and precision, 85%, while the sign of Brudzinski had 29% and 92%, respectively. Nuchal rigidity sensitivity and specificity were 74 percent and 77 percent, respectively.

Conclusion: The study suggests that the signs of Kernig and Brudzinski are not susceptible to the detection of meningitis and, therefore, meningitis diagnosis can not be excluded if not present. Of clinical utility, Nuchal rigidity is the only meningeal symptom. The standardization of the clinical method for the elicitation of meningeal signs must be studied in a larger number of patients.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Munish Kumar
Patna Medical College, Patna, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCMS-V8/issue/view/3

Critical Observation on Pancreatic Lymphoepithelial Cyst: An Atypical Benign Pancreatic Tumour | Chapter 2 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol.4

Introduction: Pancreatic lymphoepithelial cyst is a rare benign lesion that usually presents itself as an incidental radiological finding. Symptoms mayinclude abdominal pain, weight loss, nausea or compression of adjacent structures. The differential diagnosis includes most of the pancreatic cystic lesions, even benign or malignant tumours. In most cases, for the final diagnosis, fine needle aspiration or surgery can be required.  Case Report: We report a case of a giant pancreatic lymphoepithelial cyst in a 43-year-old man with abdominal pain and weight loss. In this case, radical surgery wasconsidered a too difficult procedure and due to benignity of the tumour, conservative resection was elected.  Conclusion: Surgery can be the final diagnosis test in case of pancreatic lymphoepithelial cyst due to diagnostic uncertainty. Conservative resection can be a good option in case of complex resection, with a low rate of postoperative complications and without risk of tumoural degeneration.

Author(s) Details

Mario Serradilla Martín,
Department of Surgery, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain

José Manuel Ramia Ángel,
Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/212