Dairy Calcium Supplementation and Its Effects on Body Fat, Plasma Leptin and Glucose Levels in Obese Postmenopausal Women | Chapter 6 | Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 6

 

The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CADIA) study of young overweight adults, black and white, demonstrated that dietary patterns characterised by increased dairy consumption had an inverse association with insulin resistance in their study population. The inclusion of low or non-fat dairy products, which provide additional calcium in the diet, may promote increased weight loss and improve insulin resistance. Therefore, supplementing dairy products to obese subjects on a caloric-restricted diet may be a useful strategy to enhance weight loss and improve insulin resistance. The study assesses dairy Calcium supplementation and its effects on body Fat, plasma leptin and glucose levels in obese postmenopausal women. This prospective randomised study of 3 months, parallel trial on the effect of non-fat / low-fat dairy calcium combined with energy restriction in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. The study therefore tested the short-term effects of supplementing 56 overweight or obese (body mass index [BMI] >26 kg/m2) post menopausal women on a caloric-restricted diet (1,400 kilocalories [kcal]) with two levels of dairy as yoghurt on body composition, blood insulin, leptin and glucose concentration. The group consuming four supplemented dairy servings (DS-4) was provided ~1400 mg Ca/day, and the group consuming two supplemented dairy servings (DS-2) were provided ~800 mg Ca/day.

 

Over the 3-months daily energy intake averaged 51% carbohydrate, 20.7% of protein and 27.6% of fat for both groups. At 3 months, the DS-4 group demonstrated decreased weight (87.7 to 86.2 kg, P=0.001), BMI (33.5 to 32.8 kg/m2, P < 0.001), total fat (36.1 to 34.7 kg, P<0.001), and trunk fat (18.3 to 17.6 kg, P < 0.001). There were non-significant decreases in plasma glucose (74.7 to 71.1 mg/dl, P=0.494), leptin (32.5 to 31.3 µg/L, P=0.231) and insulin. For the DS-2 group, there was decreased weight (86.4 to 84.4 kg, p<0.02), BMI (32.5 to 31.8 kg/m2, P=0.002), total fat (37.3 to 35.4 kg, P=0.003), trunk fat (17.1 to 16.5 kg, P = 0.27) and plasma leptin (27.8 to 25.2 µg/L, P=0.114). The DS-2 group demonstrated a surprising and significant increase in the fasting blood glucose, with a marginally significant increase in insulin resistance as measured by HOMA at 3 months. We observed a significant treatment effect between the DS-2 and DS-4 groups for: % energy from fat (P=0.025), % energy from protein (P=0.047) and leptin (P=0.044). The study report that in a population of obese/overweight postmenopausal women supplementing their diet with dairy which provided a total estimated calcium intake of ~1400 mg/day (i.e. DS-4) was successful in the reduction of trunk fat and plasma glucose, while dairy calcium and caloric restriction decreased weight, BMI, total body fat, and insulin and leptin during the intervention. In contrast, the supplemented group ingesting 800 mg/d of dairy calcium (i.e. DS-2) in combination with caloric restriction provided significant increases in plasma glucose and insulin resistance.

 

Our study demonstrated the expected weight loss with caloric restriction, but a paradoxical increase in blood glucose levels with dairy supplementation provided to maintain baseline calcium intake. Increasing dairy supplementation abrogated this small increase in fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance. The benefits of dairy calcium supplementation may be dependent on both the dose and the context of overall caloric intake.

 

Author(s) Details

Dina H. Fakhrawi
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.

 

Carol J. Lammi-Keefe
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA and College of Agriculture, LSU, Agricultural Center, and Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.

 

W. Lawrence Beeson
School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA and Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, USA.

 

T. Allan Darnell
School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

 

Anthony Firek
J L Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Endocrinology, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

 

Zaida R. Cordero-MacIntyre
School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, USA and Whittier College, Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, Whittier, CA, USA.

 

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/fsarh/v6/7123

Corrosion Inhibition of Indigofera Tinctoria Leaf Extract on Mild Steel in 1M HCL Solution | Chapter 9 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 9

 

In the present work, the dissolution prevention of mild steel induced by Indigofera tinctoria Leaves (ITL) extract was analysed using different techniques such as weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarisation in 1M HCl solution at various contact periods and temperatures (303-333K). The result exhibits that Indigofera tinctoria Leaves acts as a mild steel inhibitor that performs well in 1M HCl solution. Inhibition efficiency of mild steel in 1M HCl increases as more inhibitor is added. The Highest percentage of inhibition efficiency was found to be 54.3% a 500 ppm concentration at a temperature of 303 K. Thermodynamic parameters Ea, Qads, Gads, H, and S suggest that the adsorption of Indigofera tinctoria leaves extract is exothermic, spontaneous, and a chemisorption process. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm governs the adsorption of Indigofera tinctoria leaves on a mild steel surface. Also, the electrochemical study exhibits that it acts as a cathodic inhibitor in a 1M HCl medium. Thin film formation on the surface of metal may also be confirmed by UV, FT-IR, and SEM studies.

 

 

Author(s) Details

M. Prema
PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli–620002, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

S. Vidhya
PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli–620002, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

A. Leema Rose
PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli–620002, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

F. Janeeta Priya
PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli–620002, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

J. Morris Princey
PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli–620002, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

A. Arputharaj
St.Joseph's College Autonomous, Tiruchirappalli, India.

 

P. Aparna
PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli–620002, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

T. R. Amsica
PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli–620002, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v9/7235

Role of Postharvest Treatments Pomegranate Peel Extract and Calcium on Storage Behavior of Broad Beans (Vicia faba L.) | Chapter 8 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4

Vicia faba L is considered the fourth most important leguminous crop in the world, as it occupies an important place among food security crops in a number of countries. Calcium salts are used to increase the hardness of fruits and to treat many physiological disorders in fruits and resistance to damage. The present study aims to improve the storage ability of beans after treating them before storage with pomegranate peel extract and calcium. After harvesting the crop of broad beans grown in one of the orchards in Al-Hartha region, Basrah, Iraq for the agricultural season 2023-2024, the pods were separated to obtain the seeds by removing the pod, then the seeds were divided into three parts. The first was treated by dipping seeds in pomegranate peel extract at a concentration of 3 ml l‾¹ for 5 minutes. The second part of the seeds was dipped in calcium at a concentration of 2 ml l‾¹ for 5 minutes. The last part was dipped in distilled water only for 5 minutes. After drying, seeds were packed in perforated polyethylene bags (8 holes of 5 mm diameter) with an amount of 1 kg per bag and stored at a temperature of 4°C for two weeks. The mean differences were compared using the least significant difference (L.S.D) test at the probability level of 0.05. The experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment using a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replicates. The results showed that 2 ml l‾¹ calcium treatment was the best in reducing the weight loss of seeds and recording the highest percentage of total soluble solids and protein, while the treatment of pomegranate peel extract was superior to the rest of the treatments recorded the highest vitamin C. The results also showed that stored seeds treated by the two mentioned treatments did not record any significant decay after two weeks of storage compared to the control treatment. The weight loss of seeds, the percentage of decay, and the total soluble solids increased, while the protein percentage and vitamin C decreased with increasing storage period. The treatment of pomegranate peel extract was superior to the rest treatments in recording the highest vitamin C and the stored seeds dipped in pomegranate peel extract and calcium solution did not record any significant decay after two weeks of storage compared to the control treatment.

 

Author (s) Details

Dhia Ahmed Taain
Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq.

 

Noor Abdel-Zahra Jaber
Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v4/2726

 

Impact of Obesity Subtypes on Short-Term Weight Loss Following Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy | Chapter 10 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

Background: Temporal prevalence studies of worldwide obesity have confirmed that this epidemic continues to worsen and investigators have suggested that the scope of this problem may indeed be underestimated. The pathogenesis of the condition is multifactorial and complex, and it has been suggested that early life exposure to environmental chemicals (termed obesogens) may be a major cause of this epidemic.

Aims: Vertical sleeve gastrectomy has become the most common surgical intervention for medically-complicated obesity. This study was designed to examine the distribution of clinical subtypes of obesity (e.g. psychosocial factors, genetic risk, or obesogens) and to identify the best candidates for vertical sleeve gastrectomy based on clinical subtype.

Study Design: This is a retrospective cohort study in a large, urban teaching hospital.

Place and Duration of Study: Center for Advanced Laparoscopic & Bariatric Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center Washington, DC between October 2018 and June 2019.

Methodology: Consecutive new individuals (n=225) with medically-complicated obesity were evaluated preoperatively in an outpatient bariatric gastroenterology clinic. Subjects (n=17) were excluded. Eighty-four individuals underwent sleeve gastrectomy with a minimum of 6 months of postoperative follow up.

Results: Among the 3 subtypes, early life obesogen exposure was identified in 14.5% of individuals, genetic risk in 24.5% of individuals, and psychosocial factors in 61% of individuals. Percent excess weight loss (mean+/-SD) at 6 months is different among the three groups (pANOVA=.024). Individuals with genetic risk (38%+/-14) have significantly less weight loss (p=.029) than individuals with psychosocial factors (47%+/-15), while there is no difference compared to the obesogen subtype (41%+/-8.9).

Conclusion: The most common clinical subtype of obesity is psychosocial factors, and there is significantly higher short-term weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy in individuals with psychosocial factors. It was also noted that individuals with genetic risk have significantly less weight loss than individuals with psychosocial factors, while there is no difference compared to the obesogen subtype. Weight loss may be moderated by an individual’s genetic risk and early life obesogen exposure.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Raj A. Shah
Carilion Clinic and Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA.

 

Anand Nath
MedStar St. Mary’s Hospital, Leonardtown, MD, USA.

 

Timothy R. Shope
State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.

 

Ivanesa L. Pardo Lameda
MedStar Washington Hospital Center and Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.

 

John S. Brebbia
MedStar Washington Hospital Center and Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.

 

Timothy R. Koch
Salem VA Medical Center and Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Salem, VA, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v4/3174 

Impact of Obesity Subtypes on Short-Term Weight Loss Following Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy | Chapter 10 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

Background: Temporal prevalence studies of worldwide obesity have confirmed that this epidemic continues to worsen and investigators have suggested that the scope of this problem may indeed be underestimated. The pathogenesis of the condition is multifactorial and complex, and it has been suggested that early life exposure to environmental chemicals (termed obesogens) may be a major cause of this epidemic.

Aims: Vertical sleeve gastrectomy has become the most common surgical intervention for medically-complicated obesity. This study was designed to examine the distribution of clinical subtypes of obesity (e.g. psychosocial factors, genetic risk, or obesogens) and to identify the best candidates for vertical sleeve gastrectomy based on clinical subtype.

Study Design: This is a retrospective cohort study in a large, urban teaching hospital.

Place and Duration of Study: Center for Advanced Laparoscopic & Bariatric Surgery, MedStar Washington Hospital Center Washington, DC between October 2018 and June 2019.

Methodology: Consecutive new individuals (n=225) with medically-complicated obesity were evaluated preoperatively in an outpatient bariatric gastroenterology clinic. Subjects (n=17) were excluded. Eighty-four individuals underwent sleeve gastrectomy with a minimum of 6 months of postoperative follow up.

Results: Among the 3 subtypes, early life obesogen exposure was identified in 14.5% of individuals, genetic risk in 24.5% of individuals, and psychosocial factors in 61% of individuals. Percent excess weight loss (mean+/-SD) at 6 months is different among the three groups (pANOVA=.024). Individuals with genetic risk (38%+/-14) have significantly less weight loss (p=.029) than individuals with psychosocial factors (47%+/-15), while there is no difference compared to the obesogen subtype (41%+/-8.9).

Conclusion: The most common clinical subtype of obesity is psychosocial factors, and there is significantly higher short-term weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy in individuals with psychosocial factors. It was also noted that individuals with genetic risk have significantly less weight loss than individuals with psychosocial factors, while there is no difference compared to the obesogen subtype. Weight loss may be moderated by an individual’s genetic risk and early life obesogen exposure.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Raj A. Shah
Carilion Clinic and Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA.

 

Anand Nath
MedStar St. Mary’s Hospital, Leonardtown, MD, USA.

 

Timothy R. Shope
State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.

 

Ivanesa L. Pardo Lameda
MedStar Washington Hospital Center and Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.

 

John S. Brebbia
MedStar Washington Hospital Center and Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.

 

Timothy R. Koch
Salem VA Medical Center and Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Salem, VA, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v4/3174 

Determine the Effect of Egg Mass and Egg Weight Groups on Fertilization, Loss of Weight during the Incubation Period, Hatchability, and Gosling Quality | Chapter 2 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 2

The main purpose of the study was to determine the effect of egg mass and egg weight groups (group I eggs under 160 g, group II eggs160 g to 180 g and group III eggs over 180 g) on incubation results, loss of egg weight (moist) during incubation, gosling hatchability, and the relative share of the gosling in the egg mass. A well fertilized egg is an embryo “package” with all the necessary nutrients that facilitate its development until it is hatched and for a few days after hatching. The results of poultry offspring production, i.e., poultry embryo development, depend during its embryonic development, – apart from its genetic basis, – on several non-genetic factors. Eggs with mass between 160 g and 180 g (group II) demonstrated the highest fertilization rate (91.28%) and the highest hatchability out of the number of incubated eggs (83.14%), while the eggs from the group I (lighter than 160 g) showed the highest number of gosling hatchability out of the number of fertilized eggs (91.08%). The lowest embryo mortality was that of group I (5.17% and 6.06%), while the highest is reported for group III (14.29% and 16.67%). The lowest relative loss of egg mass (moist) by day 25 of the incubation period was established for the group I eggs (10.98%), and the highest for the group III (11.71%), with a statistically significant (P<0.01) difference of -0.73 %. Other differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The gosling percentage in the egg mass was significantly higher (P<0.001) in the group III of incubated eggs (67.81%) than in group II (66.61%) and group I (65.24%). The relative gosling percentage according to the egg mass grew with the increase of the egg mass, which to a certain extent agreed with our findings, except that these authors reported a considerably lower gosling percentage.

Author(s) Details:

Milena Milojevic,
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia.

Sreten Mitrovic,
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia.

Maja Radoicic Dimitrijevic,
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia.

Vera Rajicic,
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nis, Serbia.

Vladan Dermanovic,
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Serbia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IBS-V2/article/view/14132

Unraveling the Nexus between Obesity and Atrial Fibrillation: Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Implications | Chapter 6 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

Background: The prevalence of obesity and atrial fibrillation (AF), which are inextricably linked, is rapidly increasing worldwide. Recent studies suggest that effectiveness of weight loss in reducing AF risk. Therefore, it is necessary to unravel the nexus between obesity and atrial fibrillation.

Purpose: The focus of this review is to discuss the epidemiology of obesity and AF, summarize the mechanisms by which obesity triggers AF, and emphasize how weight loss improves the prognosis of AF.

Results: Epidemiological data indicates obese patients are more likely to develop AF, but there is still controversy. The underlying mechanism of obesity leading to atrial fibrillation is quite complex. Obesity-related hypertension, diabetes, and obstructive sleep apnea are associated with AF. Additionally, increased epicardial fat, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress caused by obesity can induce atrial enlargement, inflammatory activation, local myocardial fibrosis, and electrical conduction abnormalities, all of which led to AF and promoted its persistence. Weight loss reduced the risk and reversed natural progression of AF, However, fluctuations in weight offset the benefits of weight loss. Therefore, the importance of steady weight loss urges clinicians to incorporate weight management interventions in the treatment of patients with AF.

Author(s) Details:

Hongyang Shu,
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.

Jia Cheng,
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.

Na Li,
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.

Zixuan Zhang,
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.

Jiali Nie,
Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.

Yizhong Peng,
Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.

Yan Wang,
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.

Dao Wen Wang,
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.

Ning Zhou,
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V12/article/view/12971

Management of Obesity Associated Airway Problems with Bariatric Surgery | Chapter 6 | Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

 Bariatric section is known to be an direct treatment planning for a variety of obesity accompanying medical comorbidities. Obesity befriended airway disease poses a meaningful morbidity and death risk. Individuals with obesity are at greater risk of developing respiring infections, report negative quality of existence scores, longer and increased hospitalisation rates in addition to being more susceptible to growth threatening emergencies in the way that cardiorespiratory arrest in comparison to active weight individuals.This book episode summarises the evidence base of the management of few obesity related ventilating pipe pathologies, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), asthma and chronic opposing pulmonary disease (COPD) in addition to laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) with bariatric medical procedure.The literature base for the administration of OSA and asthma with bariatric surgery is abundant, with most of the evidence professed a significant improvement of syndromes with burden loss achieved through differing bariatric interventions (gastric band, sleeve gastrectomy and roux en-Y-pertaining to the stomach bypass). However, accompanying LTS, the impact of bariatric surgery as a treatment approach is novel and subsequently the evidence is predominantly unknown. To date, there is singular prospective multicentre practical study that has evaluated the impact of bariatric surgery on dispassionate outcomes in LTS subjects, yielding encouraging results. Individuals not only helped from a reduction in the number of interventions that were necessary to manage the manifestations of LTS, but bariatric surgery also authorized more patients to favorably undergo definitive surgical situation through effective pre-influential optimisation achieved through weight deficit.Given the effectiveness of bariatric incision for the management of these airway ailments; OSA, asthma and LTS may be considered as ventilating pipe pathologies that can be harmlessly and effectively treated by metabolic enucleation. This may be mirrored in updated national and worldwide guidelines designed by learned bodies in the way that the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders to guide the bariatric and metabolic communities.

Author(s) Details:

Anuja T. Mitra,
Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Hospital, Paddington, London, W21NY, United Kingdom.

Matyas Fehervari,
Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Hospital, Paddington, London, W21NY, United Kingdom.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIDHR-V6/article/view/11840

Resistant Starch and Human Health | Chapter 6 | Current Innovations in Disease and Health Research Vol. 2

 The trouble of introducing resistant vigor (RS) into the diet and increasing allure intake persists regardless of several research show that RS has a significant impact on reconstructing food's digestive content and preventing disease. Of the five famous RS types, only RS2 and RS3 have undergone all-encompassing research and received widespread publishing coverage. In conclusion, this phase offers intriguing information about the likely role of RS in the administration of human health and additional inquiry into the mechanism it plays. it is clear that resistant starch has plenty potential to be included into food systems to supply a wide range of energy benefits, from reducing the risk of colon cancer to directing weight deficit and preventing type 2 diabetes.

Author(s) Details:

Nandita Krishnan,
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai 116, India.

Supriya V.,
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai 116, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIDHR-V2/article/view/11194

Investigating the Effect of Copper Sulphate on Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching with Hydrolysis on P/C Fabric Mechanical Properties | Chapter 06 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 12

 Polyester's hydrophobicity is well-known, and attempts are being undertaken to improve it. To improve all mechanical and comfort features, including hydophilicity, woven 67/33 polyester / cotton suiting material is treated with copper sulphate and hydrogen peroxide bleaching followed by oxidation deweighting procedure in this research effort. Three levels of copper sulphate, two levels of Material to liquid ratio, two levels of temperature, and a constant quantity of sodium hydroxide were used in the experiment. All samples were dyed in an HTHP beaker dyeing machine and then subjected to conventional post-treatment techniques. Various features of the treated samples were determined. It was discovered that experimental parameters such as copper sulphate content and alkaline oxidation deweighting method had substantial benefits, as evidenced by intriguing outcomes such as improved compressibility, crease recovery angle, bending length, and acceptable tensile strength loss.

Author(S) Details

J. Hayavadana
Textile Technology, University College of Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.

K. Samatha
Textile Technology, University College of Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V12/article/view/3840

Investigating the Effect of Copper Sulphate on Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching with Hydrolysis on P/C Fabric Mechanical Properties | Chapter 6 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 12

Polyester's hydrophobicity is well-known, and efforts are underway to improve it. To improve all mechanical and comfort attributes, including hydophilicity, woven 67/33 polyester / cotton suiting material is treated with copper sulphate and hydrogen peroxide bleaching, followed by oxidation deweighting. Three levels of copper sulphate, two levels of Material to liquid ratio, two levels of temperature, and a constant quantity of sodium hydroxide were chosen as part of the experimental approach. All samples were dyed in an HTHP beaker dyeing machine and then processed as usual. Various features of the treated samples were investigated. The experimental parameters of copper sulphate concentration and alkaline oxidation deweighting method were shown to have substantial benefits, as evidenced by fascinating results such as improved compressibility, crease recovery angle, bending length, and acceptable tensile strength loss.

Author (S) Details

J. Hayavadana

Textile Technology, University College of Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.

K. Samatha

Textile Technology, University College of Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V12/article/view/3840

Plastic Waste Recycling as Green Corrosion Inhibitors for Steel in a Variety of Corrosive Media| Chapter 11 | Advanced Aspects of Engineering Research Vol. 14

 The goal of this chapter is to present a series of experiments aimed at minimising pollution by converting plastic waste into valuable items, as well as to examine the inhibitory effect of plastic waste on steel alloy corrosion in diverse aquatic environments. PET plastic waste was used as an economical and safe corrosion inhibitor for steel in corrosive conditions such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, nitric acid, and aqueous saline. The outcomes of Poly's evaluation are detailed in the present section (ethylene terephthalate), PET waste and modified products were tested chemically and electrochemically as corrosion inhibitors for steel in a variety of media. The chapter summarises all scientific efforts and highlights Reda Abdel Hameed's new approach, which is a fresh approach that involves green recycling of plastic trash using a solvent-free green approach and employing the changed product as green corrosion inhibitors.

Author (s) Details

Reda Abdel Hameed Abdelghany Said
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al- Azhar University, 11884, Cairo, Egypt and Basic Science Department, Preparatory Year, University of Ha’il, 1560, Hail, KSA.

View Book :  https://stm.bookpi.org/AAER-V14/article/view/1270

Research on the Differential Effects of Gastric Bypass and Banding on the Cardiovascular Risk Profile in Morbidly Obese Subjects: The Correlation with Plasma Apolipoprotein A-IV Concentration | Chapter 14 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 The goal of this work was to research the impact on the cardiovascular risk profile in morbidly obese patients of 2 commonly performed bariatric surgical procedures; laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) and laparoscopic gastric band (BAND), and its association with the plasma apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV stage. Patient and Methods: This study was performed prospectively on 34 bariatric surgery patients. Two classes were randomly allocated to them; group 1 = BAND (18 cases); group 2 = RYGBP gastric bypass (16 cases). Both groups were observed pre-operatively and 12 months after surgery, respectively. Changes in body mass index ( BMI), blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, fasting serum insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and lipid profile were included in the data collected. Furthermore, by the Western blot process, apo A-IV was calculated. Effects: The results showed a highly significant decrease in body weight as measured by a decrease in BMI as opposed to preoperative measurements in both groups I & II. In addition, twelve months after surgery, both groups had substantially lower systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose ( FBG), fasting serum insulin, and HOMA-IR. BMI, systolic blood pressure, FBG and HOMA-IR improvements were substantially greater in group II than in group I. The lipid profiles were identical in Group I & II prior to surgery. In both groups I & II, 12 months after surgery, the HDL-cholesterol was significantly higher. Furthermore, in both classes, apo A-IV levels increased after surgery. Conclusion: Both gastric band and gastric bypass are associated with significant improvement of the cardiovascular risk profile, although it is more pronounced after gastric bypass. The improvement correlates well with the increase of apo A-IV in both groups. Thus Apo A-IV may play a positive role in improving the cardiovascular risk profile after bariatric surgery.

Author(s) Details

Hala Mourad Demerdash
Department of Clinical Pathology, Alexandria University Hospital, 75, Ismail Serry Street, Smouha, Alexandria, Egypt.

Gehan Sharara
Department of Biochemistry, Alexandria University Hospital, Egypt.

Khaled Katri
Department of Surgery, Alexandria University Hospital, Egypt.

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Critical Observation on Pancreatic Lymphoepithelial Cyst: An Atypical Benign Pancreatic Tumour | Chapter 2 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol.4

Introduction: Pancreatic lymphoepithelial cyst is a rare benign lesion that usually presents itself as an incidental radiological finding. Symptoms mayinclude abdominal pain, weight loss, nausea or compression of adjacent structures. The differential diagnosis includes most of the pancreatic cystic lesions, even benign or malignant tumours. In most cases, for the final diagnosis, fine needle aspiration or surgery can be required.  Case Report: We report a case of a giant pancreatic lymphoepithelial cyst in a 43-year-old man with abdominal pain and weight loss. In this case, radical surgery wasconsidered a too difficult procedure and due to benignity of the tumour, conservative resection was elected.  Conclusion: Surgery can be the final diagnosis test in case of pancreatic lymphoepithelial cyst due to diagnostic uncertainty. Conservative resection can be a good option in case of complex resection, with a low rate of postoperative complications and without risk of tumoural degeneration.

Author(s) Details

Mario Serradilla Martín,
Department of Surgery, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain

José Manuel Ramia Ángel,
Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain.

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