Corrosion Inhibition of Indigofera Tinctoria Leaf Extract on Mild Steel in 1M HCL Solution | Chapter 9 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 9

 

In the present work, the dissolution prevention of mild steel induced by Indigofera tinctoria Leaves (ITL) extract was analysed using different techniques such as weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarisation in 1M HCl solution at various contact periods and temperatures (303-333K). The result exhibits that Indigofera tinctoria Leaves acts as a mild steel inhibitor that performs well in 1M HCl solution. Inhibition efficiency of mild steel in 1M HCl increases as more inhibitor is added. The Highest percentage of inhibition efficiency was found to be 54.3% a 500 ppm concentration at a temperature of 303 K. Thermodynamic parameters Ea, Qads, Gads, H, and S suggest that the adsorption of Indigofera tinctoria leaves extract is exothermic, spontaneous, and a chemisorption process. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm governs the adsorption of Indigofera tinctoria leaves on a mild steel surface. Also, the electrochemical study exhibits that it acts as a cathodic inhibitor in a 1M HCl medium. Thin film formation on the surface of metal may also be confirmed by UV, FT-IR, and SEM studies.

 

 

Author(s) Details

M. Prema
PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli–620002, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

S. Vidhya
PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli–620002, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

A. Leema Rose
PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli–620002, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

F. Janeeta Priya
PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli–620002, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

J. Morris Princey
PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli–620002, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

A. Arputharaj
St.Joseph's College Autonomous, Tiruchirappalli, India.

 

P. Aparna
PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli–620002, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

T. R. Amsica
PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli–620002, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v9/7235

Evaluating Bioactive Compounds in Medicinal Plants: A Case Study of Trichilia monadelpha (Meliaceae) | Chapter 5 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 6

 

Oxidative stress contributes to numerous degenerative diseases, making plant-derived antioxidants increasingly valuable for therapeutic applications. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of Trichilia monadelpha leaf extracts, a West African tree with reported medicinal properties. Leaves were extracted using maceration with n-hexane and methanol solvents, yielding 2.4% and 3.2% respectively.  Phytochemical screening revealed that the methanolic extract contained alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, and terpenoids, while the n-hexane extract contained alkaloids, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides. Antioxidant activity was assessed at four concentrations (0.25–2.0 mg/mL) using DPPH radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, with vitamin C as the standard. The methanolic extract showed clear, concentration-dependent antioxidant activity across all assays. Its DPPH IC₅₀ value was 2.584 mg/L compared with 1.907 mg/L for vitamin C, and similar dose-dependent trends were observed in the reducing and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, although with lower potency than the standard. Pearson’s correlation indicated a stronger association between phytochemical content and antioxidant activity in the methanolic extract (r = 0.951). The n-hexane extract displayed minimal activity (r = 0.560).

 

T. monadelpha leaves, especially the methanolic extract, contain bioactive constituents with measurable antioxidant effects, supporting their traditional use and highlighting the need for further isolation and characterisation of the active compounds.

 

Author(s) Details

P. D. Clark
Department of Chemistry, Edwin Clark University, Kiagbodo, Delta State, Nigeria.

 

E. Omo-Udoyo
Department of Chemistry, Edwin Clark University, Kiagbodo, Delta State, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v6/6791

 

Medicinal and Phytochemical Profiling of Aegle marmelos | Chapter 4 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 8

Aegle marmelos (L) is native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia and well known for its therapeutic values such as anti-diabetic activity, hepatoprotective activities, antimicrobial activity, analgesic anti-inflammatory, antifungal activity, anticancer activity, antiulcer activity, antithyroid activity, etc. Present studies report phytochemical analysis, and antifungal antibacterial screening of acetone, ethanol and methanol leaf extract of Aegle marmelos. The plant material leaves of Aegle marmelos were collected from Cove and John Ashram, Georgetown, Guyana. Leaves are dried in the oven at 50-55 ºC for 72 h. The moisture content is calculated. The dried leaves were ground and extracted in each acetone, ethanol and methanol solvent. Extracts were collected and evaporation of solvent was done on rotavapour. The antimicrobial and antifungal activity of leaf extract was examined by well diffusion, poison plate, paper disc plate and streak plate methods. Three micro-organisms (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candidus albicans) were used for the study as test organisms. In Aegle marmelos leaf extract studies, maximum and minimum antimicrobial potential was observed for methanol and acetone solvents, respectively. The antimicrobial potential of leave extract was also found to be maximum and minimum in Candida albicans and Escherichia coli, respectively in most assay studies. The maximum inhibitory zone for methanolic leaves extract of Aegle marmelos were observed to be (125 µL: 0.47mm), (125 µL: 0.51 mm), (125 µL: 0. 47mm) and (125 µL: 0.37 mm) by well diffusion, poison plate, paper disc plate and streak plate methods respectively. The phyto constituents, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenol, steroids and Phyto steroids were found to be present in the methanol leave extract of Aegle marmelos. It is concluded that Aegle marmelos extracts can be used for the treatment of tuberculosis, urinary disease, diabetes, digestive disorder, epilepsy, ulcers etc.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Brij Bhushan Tewari
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Guyana, P.O. Box: 101110, Georgetown, Guyana

 

Subramanian Gomatinayagam
University of Guyana, Berbice Campus, John Science Center, Guyana.

 

Ashish Kumar Tiwari
Advanced Center for Material Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-206016, Uttar Pradesh, India

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v8/3394

Medicinal and Phytochemical Profiling of Artocarpus altilis | Chapter 3 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 2

 Breadfruit, Artocarpus altilis, and Fosberg have been a staple food and traditional crop in the Pacific for more than 3000 years and are widely cultivated in the Caribbean and other tropical regions. Breadfruit contains phytochemicals that have the potential as an insect repellent. Medical benefits of Breadfruit extracts include cardiovascular health, good for skin, reduced diabetes, dental health, energy booster, bone health, sleep better at night, and resistance against infection. The wood of Breadfruit is one of the most valuable timbers in the construction of traditional houses. Breadfruits contain phytochemicals that have the potential as an insect repellent. Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a good source of essential amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine). Artocarpus altilis commonly known as breadfruit, is one of the economically important trees, which is being used for fuel, food, folder, gum, dye for textiles, starch as adhesives, medicine etc. The aim of the present book chapter is to present phytochemical analysis, antifungal, antibacterial screening of acetone, ethanol and methanol leaves extract of Artocarpus altilis also to report current relevant literature on similar research interest.  The plant material leaves of Artocarpus altilis were collected from the University of Guyana Road, Cummings Lodge, Guyana. The leaves were dried in an oven at 50-55°C for 72 h. The moisture content is calculated. The dried leaves were ground and extracted in each acetone, ethanol and methanol solvent. Extracts were collected and evaporation of solvent was done on rotavapour. The respective solvent was added to the viscous semi-solid liquid extract to make up the desired volume of extract solution. The antimicrobial and antifungal activity of both plants were examined by well diffusion method, poison plate method, paper disc plate method and streak plate methods. In Artocarpus altilis leaf extract studies, maximum and minimum antimicrobial potential was observed for methanol and acetone solvent extracts, respectively. All plant extracts showed antimicrobial potential toward the organisms Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The maximum inhibitory zone for methanolic leaf extract of Artocarpus altilis was observed to be (125 µL: 0.4 9 mm against C. albicans), (125 µL: 0.53 mm against C. albicans), (125 µL: 0.51 mm against C. albicans), (125 µL: 0.36 mm against C. albicans) by well diffusion, poison plate, paper disc plate and streak plate methods, respectively.  The phytochemical analysis of the methanol leaves extract of breadfruit tested positive for flavonoids, terpenoids, phenol, phlobatannins, steroids and Phyto steroids and negative for tannins, saponins, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. It is concluded that Artocarpus altilis plant extract can be used as an anti-diabetic, anti-pyretic, anti-diarrheal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, anti-fertility, insecticidal, anti-proliferative, immunomodulatory crude drugs. It is also found from this study that the inhibitory zone or antimicrobial potential of leaf extract increases as the amount increases.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Brij Bhushan Tewari
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Guyana, P.O. Box: 101110, Georgetown, Guyana.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v2/3872

Research Pertaining to the Phytochemical Analysis of Extracts Derived from the Leaves of Coleus rotundifolius L. | Chapter 5 | Recent Trends in the Study of Botanical Research Volume - 1

 In the current phase of research, an intricate chemical analysis was undertaken on Coleus rotundifolius L., a valuable medicinal plant within the Lamiaceae family. This investigation encompassed an exhaustive examination of phytochemical constituents, utilizing distinct solvent extracts such as water, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and acetone, derived from the plant's leaves. The obtained results illuminated a rich amalgamation of biochemical elements across all solvent extracts, notably including carbohydrates, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and lipids. However, a notable accentuation was observed in the methanolic leaf extract, which displayed an enhanced presence of phenols, effectively outshining the other constituents.

Author(s) Details:

Mohammad Salim,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

Pratima Patel,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

Jay Singh Patel,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTSBR-V1/article/view/12452

Bioactivity of Anethum graveolens – An in silico Approach | Chapter 6 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 8

 The herb Anethum graveolens produces essential oil and is commonly used as a flavouring ingredient. Polyphenols, which have antioxidant and carminative qualities, are found in it. This study uses phytochemical screening to assess the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins, among other things. Lipid peroxidation is common in food items, and synthetic antioxidants like butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), both carcinogenic in nature, are employed to counteract it. As a result, demand for antioxidants produced from plants is increasing. The goal of this work is to predict the antioxidant and bioactivity of Limonene, Carvone, - Phellandrene, Dillapiol, Geraniol, and p-Cymene in Anethum graveolens, a plant rich in antioxidants. For in silico research, the PASS prediction tool was employed, and bioactive molecules with Pa> 0.7 were predicted. The bioactivity score for these substances is determined, and Lipinski's rule of 5 analysis is used to discuss their potential medical relevance. According to the study's findings, all of the chemicals have bioactivity and could be used in the health care, cosmetics, and food and beverage industries as possible antioxidants.

Author(S) Details

J. V. Madhuri
Geethanjali College of Engineering and Technology, Cheeryal, Hyderabad, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V8/article/view/5380

Recent Formulation Development and Evaluation of Lozenges Containing Polyherbal Extract of Cinnamomum tamala and Spilanthes acmella | Chapter 4 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 1

 Growing demand for herbal medicine has led in a tremendous increase in the volume of plant material exchanged both inside and across the country in recent years. Tejpatta (Cinnamomum tamala) and Akarkara (Spilanthes acmella) are two important medicinal plants with therapeutic components in abundance. Cinnamomum tamala, an evergreen tree that grows up to 8 metres tall, is also grown. Spilanthus acmella is a hairy annual herb that grows up to 40-60 cm tall and has many stems of marigold yellow blooms. The purpose of this research is to create a current dosage form, such as lozenges, that is linked to a long-term local cure with a positive therapeutic effect. Cinnamomum tamala (Cinnamomum tamala) extracts Spilanthes acmella flowers and leaves have antibacterial effects against the microorganism of interest (staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli). The presence of numerous phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, and triterpenes was confirmed by qualitative phytochemical screening of Cinnamomum tamala leaves and Spilanthes acmella flowers extracts in ethanol, methanol, and petroleum ether. According to the data obtained, the optimised formula F3 was chosen for the formulation of tablet lozenges and was manufactured using the direct compression method, which exhibits optimal friability, weight uniformity, hardness, and disintegration time.

Author(s) Details

Pooja S. Dhoke
Department of Pharmaceutics, Bajiraoji Karanjrkar College of Pharmacy, Sakoli, Distt. Bhandara (M.S.), India.


Dinesh M. Biyani
Department of Pharmaceutics, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Distt. Nagpur, (M.S.), India.


Avinash O. Maske
Department of Pharmaceutics, Bajiraoji Karanjrkar College of Pharmacy, Sakoli, Distt. Bhandara (M.S.), India.

Milind Umekar
Department of Pharmaceutics, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Distt. Nagpur, (M.S.), India.

Bhushan Hatwar
School of Pharmacy, Chouksey Engg. College, Distt. Bilaspur, (C.G.), India.



View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRD-V1/article/view/3315

Investigating the Phytochemical Screening and Antifungal Activity of Stem of Argyreia speciosa Linn. F | Chapter 2 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 10

 Argyreia speciosa is a highly powerful medicinal herb in Indian medicine. It has long been used to treat a wide range of human illnesses and problems. This study looked at the antifungal activity of aqueous, ethanolic, chloroform, and petroleum ether extracts of A. speciosa against Candila albicans. The ethanolic extract and petroleum ether extract had high activity against the fungal strain tested, whereas the aqueous extract had very little activity and the chloroform extract had none. When compared to other extracts, ethanolic extract demonstrated robust antifungal action, and the Zone of Inhibition of the test drug was compared to the standard.

Author (S) Details

Bharti Khichi
Ujjain Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ujjain, (M.P.), India.

Ravindra Sunaniya
Ujjain Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ujjain, (M.P.), India.

Prachi Mehta
Ujjain Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ujjain, (M.P.), India.

Hemant Joshi
Ujjain Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ujjain, (M.P.), India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V10/article/view/2839

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening on the Glycosides of Leaf Extracts of Medicinally Important Plant Holoptelea integrifolia (roxb.) Planch Using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatograph | Chapter 4 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 The goal of this work was to employ high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) to detect glycosides from petroleum ether and methanol extracts of medicinally and commercially beneficial leaves of Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) planch.

Materials and Methods: HPTLC investigations were performed after preliminary phytochemical screening. Linomat V applicator is included with the Camag HPTLC system (Switzerland).

With the help of a tungstant lamp, densitometric scanning was done with a Camag TLC scanner IV in the reflectance absorbance mode at 540 nm using Win computer-aided transcribing system software (1.4.6 Camag).

Results: Steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, proteins, tannins, and carbohydrates were found in preliminary phytochemical screening of H. integrifolia petroleum extract, while steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, proteins, and carbohydrates were found in preliminary phytochemical screening of H. integrifolia methanolic extract. HPTLC fingerprinting of glycosides from a leaf extract in petroleum ether revealed four polyvalent phytoconstituents (4 peaks) with escalating retention factor (Rf) values in the range of 0.37-0.82. whereas a methanol extract of the leaves revealed ten Polyvalent phytoconstituents (10 peaks) with Rf values in the range of 0.20-0.83 in ascending order.

Conclusions: Based on the Rf values and preliminary phytochemical investigation, we may deduce that both extracts contain glycosides. The plant H. integrifolia was found to be a good source of phytochemicals in this investigation.

Author (s) Details

Ravindra C. Sutar
Department of Pharmacology, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kopargaon - 423 603, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V3/article/view/1147

Detils of the Preliminary Studies on Piliostigma thonningii Schum Leaf Extract: Phytochemical Screening and in vitro Antimalarial Activity | Chapter 4 | Trends in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 6

Medicinally, different parts of Piliostigma thonningii Scum (Caesalpinioideae) have been used. In the treatment of dysentery, fever, respiratory problems, snake bites, hookworm and skin infections in Eastern Nigeria, roots and twigs have been used locally. Leaf extracts have been used in Northern Nigeria for various ethnomedical purposes, including the treatment of malaria. The inhibitory effects of crude ethanol and methanol extracts on in vitro antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium Falciparum clone clones were investigated in this study (W2-Indo-China isolates). The existence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones was revealed by aqueous screening using recorded phytochemical screening methodologies and in vitro test methods. The crude leaf extracts obtained were tested with a chloroquine resistant strain of P for in vitro antimalarial activity. Clone of Falciparum (W2-Indochina Isolates). After 48 to 72 h of interaction between the extracts and the parasite culture, 50 per cent inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were evaluated. For both the crude amide ethanolic extract and the partially distilled methanolic extract, the 50 percent inhibitory concentration values are below the significant activity range of 6.20 - 15.06 μg/ml (P = 0.000). Although that of 0.316 μg/ml was chloroquine (P = 0.013). It lends scientific credence to the use of leaves in ethnomedicine for the treatment of malaria. Therefore, it is recommended that further chemical studies be enhanced in order to classify and better characterise the actual compounds responsible for the antiplasmodial activity observed, as they could provide a solution to the persistent resistance to antimalaria.

Author (s) Details

Dr. A. Kwaji
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Gombe state University, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria.

Dr. P. U. Bassi
Department of Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada FCT State, Nigeria.

M. Aqill
Chemistry Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.

Dr. C. M. Nneji
Kemnal Technology College. Kent, England, United Kingdom.

G. Ademowo
Institute for Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, UCH, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.





View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/363

Preliminary Studies on Piliostigma thonningii Schum Leaf Extract: Phytochemical Screening and in vitro Antimalarial Activity | Chapter 8 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol.5

 

Different parts of Piliostigma thonningii Scum (Caesalpinioideae) have been used medicinally. The
roots and twigs have been used locally in the treatment of dysentery, fever, respiratory ailments,
snake bites, hookworm and skin infections in Eastern Nigeria. The leaf extracts have been used for
various ethnomedicinal purposes including the treatment of malaria all over Eastern Nigeria. In this
study, we have investigated the inhibitory effects of the crude ethanol and methanol extracts for in
vitro antimalarial activity against chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum clone (W2-Indo-China
isolates). The aqueous screening using reported methodologies for phytochemical screening and in
vitro test methods, revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroid, terpenoids,
flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones. The crude leaf extracts obtained were tested for in vitro antimalarial activity using chloroquine resistant strain of P. falciparum clone (W2 – Indochina
isolates). The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were evaluated after 48-72 h contacts between the
extracts and the parasite culture. The 50% inhibitory concentration values for both the crude amide
ethanolic extract and the partially purified methanolic extract ranged between 6.20 - 15.06 µg/ml.
While that of chloroquine was 0.316 µg/ml. This study suggested that P. thonningii leaf extract
possess a significant level of antimalarial activity.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Andrew Kwaji
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Borno State, Nigeria.

Dr. P. U. Bassi
Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State, Nigeria.

M. Aoill
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Borno State, Nigeria.

C. M. Nneji
Institute for Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, UCH, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Professor G. Ademowo
Institute for Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, UCH, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/270