Zizyphus mauritiana as a Source of Tannins with Antibacterial and Antiplasmodial Activities | Chapter 7 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 8

 

Background: In Africa and other countries where malaria is endemic, traditional medicinal plants are frequently used to treat or cure malaria. Ziziphus mauritiana, a tropical fruit tree species belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, is used in African traditional medicine against different symptoms and diseases.

 

Aim: This study was designed to evaluate tannins extracted from Ziziphus mauritiana as a source of potential antimalarial and antimicrobial agents in Mali.

 

Methodology: The collection of plant materials, tannins extraction, antibacterial activity evaluation were done at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali and antiplasmodial activity assessment at Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, United States of America, between September 2013 and February 2014. The tannins were extracted from leaves of Z. mauritiana collected around Bamako, Mali. Antiplasmodial activity was evaluated against 3D7 (chloroquine-sensitive) and Dd2 (chloroquine-resistant) strains of Plasmodium falciparum using the fluorescence-based SYBR® green I method. Antibacterial activity of tannins was evaluated by the disc diffusion method against strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus donated by the National Research Institute in Public Health in Mali and collected from infected patients suffering from different diseases. The Kruskal–Wallis H test for data of zone of inhibition was used with the Statistical Package for the Medical Sciences version 17.0.

 

Results: The tannin extracts from leaves of Z. mauritiana demonstrated moderate antibacterial activity (average 7-9 mm diameter of inhibition zone) on tested strains. Tannins extracted from leaves of Z. mauritiana showed moderate antiplasmodial activity against 3D7 P. falciparum (46.9±1.12 μg/mL) and against Dd2 P. falciparum strains (67.8±2.39 μg/mL). They also showed an antibacterial activity on different bacterial strains, showing important inhibition zones. Especially, they were more active on Streptococcus than Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus.

 

Conclusion: Tannins extracted from Z. mauritiana demonstrated good antiplasmodial and antibacterial activities. It could be regarded as effective and studied for further consideration as a complementary medicine source of antimicrobials against most multidrug-resistant bacteria and other parasites. These data confirm the potential use of tannins as a key element in antimalarial and antibacterial drug development.

 

Author(s) Details

Mamadou Wélé
African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data Science, Université des Sciences des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Mali.

 

Singou Keita
Laboratoire de Biosciences et Applications, Université des Sciences des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Mali.

 

Cheickna Cisse
African Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data Science, Université des Sciences des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Mali.

 

Mamadou A Konare
Laboratoire de Biosciences et Applications, Université des Sciences des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako, Mali.

 

Laura Kirkman
Department of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.

 

Lamine Baba-Moussa
Laboratoire de Biologie et de Typage Moléculaire en Microbiologie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v8/6695

Understanding Membrane Fouling during the Clarification of Pomegranate Juice after Egg Albumin Pretreatment: An Analysis Using Hermia’s Empirical Models | Chapter 6 | Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 1

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L., Punicaceae) is a popular tropical non-citrus fruit known for its attractive aroma, refreshing flavor, and favorable Brix/acid ratio. This juice is commonly used in fruit-based beverages, either alone or mixed with other fruit juices. The introduction of membrane processing enables the production of additive-free juices with high quality and a natural fresh-like taste. There have been a few studies on membrane filtration in fruit juice processing. Therefore, the present study investigated membrane fouling during the clarification of pomegranate juice after pretreatment with egg albumin. Pomegranates of the (cv. Ganesh) variety, sourced from the local market in Bapatla, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, were chosen for their high juice yield preferred by many juice processors and vendors.

Hermia’s empirical models were applied to evaluate the fouling phenomena in microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) of pomegranate juice. The flux data was fitted into existing fouling models to elucidate the fouling mechanisms during membrane processing. For each mechanism, a mathematical model has been developed to predict a decline in permeate flux and its limiting value due to fouling. The coefficient of determination (R²) values for the gel layer model ranged from 0.804 to 0.977 for the 0.2 µm pore size membrane when filtering pomegranate juice. These R² values suggest intermediate pore blocking followed by gel layer formation. It was observed that a gel layer formed upon prolonged duration of MF with pomegranate juice. Poor-fitting was observed for the SPB (Sieving Porosity Model) and CPB (Cake Porosity Model) models.

 

Author (s) Details

Samreen
Department of Food Process Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, PJTS Agricultural University, Rudrur - 503188, India.

 

Ch V V Satyanarayana
Department of Food Process Engineering, Dr. N.T.R College of Food Science and Technology, Bapatla, ANGR Agricultural University, India.

 

L Edukondalu
Post Harvest Technology Centre, Agricultural College, Bapatla, ANGR Agricultural University, India.

 

Vimala Beer
KVK, Kondempudi, ANGR Agricultural University, India.

 

V Srinivasa Rao
Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Agricultural College, Naira, ANGR Agricultural University, India.

 

 Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/fsarh/v1/4487

Investigations into the Phytochemical Composition of Mucuna pruriens (L.) Seeds | Chapter 8 | Recent Trends in the Study of Botanical Research Volume - 1

 This chapter focuses on identifying the phytochemical components and assessing the acute oral toxicity of the methanolic extract obtained from Mucuna pruriens seeds. The process involved collecting mature seeds, drying them at room temperature, crushing them into coarse powder, and using Soxhlet's extraction technique with methanol. The resulting extract was then concentrated using a rotary flash evaporator, resulting in a semi-solid crude extract with a yield of 09.534%. The phytochemical analysis of the seed extract detected the presence of various compounds, including steroids, alkaloids, tannins, carbohydrates, amino acids, resins, and starch.

Author(s) Details:

Mohammad Salim,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

I. P. Prajapati,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

Mayuri Singh,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTSBR-V1/article/view/12455

Research Pertaining to the Phytochemical Analysis of Extracts Derived from the Leaves of Coleus rotundifolius L. | Chapter 5 | Recent Trends in the Study of Botanical Research Volume - 1

 In the current phase of research, an intricate chemical analysis was undertaken on Coleus rotundifolius L., a valuable medicinal plant within the Lamiaceae family. This investigation encompassed an exhaustive examination of phytochemical constituents, utilizing distinct solvent extracts such as water, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and acetone, derived from the plant's leaves. The obtained results illuminated a rich amalgamation of biochemical elements across all solvent extracts, notably including carbohydrates, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and lipids. However, a notable accentuation was observed in the methanolic leaf extract, which displayed an enhanced presence of phenols, effectively outshining the other constituents.

Author(s) Details:

Mohammad Salim,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

Pratima Patel,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

Jay Singh Patel,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTSBR-V1/article/view/12452

An Overview on Pharmacological Effects of Few Phytopolyphenols from Dietary and Herbal Origins| Chapter 9 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol.3

The purpose of this chapter is to emphasise phenolic compounds' immunomodulation, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral effects. In compared to synthetic or chemical medications used today, these phytopolyphenols induce fewer adverse effects and toxicity in human beings, according to several research investigations. These polyphenols were employed as dietary food, plant extracts, or active phytoconstituents compounds. Because of the health advantages, today's world populations are directly or indirectly reliant on polyphenols in the form of dietary or herbal treatments. For the sake of conceivable biological activities in human bodies, the present chapter covered a few types of polyphenols, such as flavonoids, lignans, phenolic acids and their analogues, tannins, quinines, and so on.

Author(s) Details:

Bharti Ahirwar,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.)- 495009, India.

Dheeraj K. Ahirwar,
School of Pharmacy, Chouksey Engineering College, Bilaspur (C.G.)- 495001, India.

S. K. Lanjhiyana,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.)- 495009, India.

Sanmati K. Jain,
Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.)- 495009, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRV-3/article/view/6949

Effect of Sumac on DNA: An Advanced Study | Chapter 14 | Recent Progress in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

 For a long period of time, R. By grinding dried fruits with salt, coriaria has been used as a spice and has also been commonly used in herbal medicine as a medicinal herb because of its athero-protective role and its ability to treat eye diseases, wounds, intestinal disorders, ringworms and skin disorders. Furthermore, R. Coriaria has recently been shown to have hepatoprotective, anti-ischemic, antimicrobial, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, and hyperlipidemic impact. This plant has recorded volatile compounds, flavonoids, tannins, and xanthones. Because of its basic set and impressive biological operations, R. Coriaria has been used in some parts of the world, particularly in Iran, both as food and medicine. There is potent antimigratory activity in tannin derived from Sumac. Sumac contains tannin, a material used in the tanning of vegetables. The effect of TANNIN (plant polyphenolic compound) on spinach DNA extract has been investigated. Tannin is extracted using acetone extraction, where ethanol precipitation extracts DNA. By using different concentrations (10 to 30 percent) of tannin, the effect of tannin on DNA was studied. Over incubation time, the optical density (O.D.) values of DNA decreased, suggesting a decrease in density following the addition of tannin that can be protective by restoring DNA or preventing damage to DNA.

Author(s) Details

Umamah Iram

St.Ann’s College for Women, Santoshnagar Colony, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Sumera Naaz
St.Ann’s College for Women, Santoshnagar Colony, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Nousheen Fatima
St.Ann’s College for Women, Santoshnagar Colony, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Dr.  Elizabeth Margaret
St.Ann’s College for Women, Santoshnagar Colony, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Dr. V. Venugopal Rao

St.Ann’s College for Women, Santoshnagar Colony, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/359