Emulsomes: A Promising Tool for Lipophilic Drug Delivery | Chapter 4 | Pharmaceutical Research - Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 3

Emulsomes, which are lipid-based nanocarriers, combine the advantages of liposomes and emulsions, providing a versatile platform for the encapsulation and controlled release of hydrophobic drugs. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the structural characteristics, preparation methods, and functional properties of emulsomes, highlighting their role in overcoming the challenges associated with the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. Key topics include the physicochemical properties of emulsomes, such as their size, stability, and drug-loading capacity, which are crucial for their effectiveness in drug delivery. The chapter details various preparation techniques, including high-pressure homogenization and solvent evaporation methods, and discusses how these techniques influence the characteristics and performance of emulsomes. The potential applications of emulsomes in improving the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of lipophilic drugs are thoroughly examined. Case studies and experimental data are presented to illustrate the successful use of emulsomes in delivering anticancer agents, antifungal drugs, and other therapeutic compounds. Additionally, the chapter delves into the mechanisms of drug release from emulsomes and the factors that affect their in vivo behavior, such as particle size and surface modifications. Safety, biocompatibility, and regulatory considerations are also addressed, emphasizing the importance of thorough preclinical and clinical evaluations to ensure the safe use of emulsomes in medical applications. Finally, the chapter discusses future directions in emulsome research, including the development of multifunctional emulsomes and their potential use in personalized medicine.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Dipti Gohil
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Nirmal Shah
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Sunil Kardani
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Kinjal Patel
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Shivkant Patel
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Rajesh A. Maheshwari
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Piyush Sadhu
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Mamta Kumari
Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

Niyati Shah

Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v3/1076

Effects of Cellular Phone Tower Radiation on Human Blood Parameters: A Physiological Study | Chapter 10 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

The present study determines the effects of Cellular Phone Tower Radiation on Human Blood Parameters. The sequelae of electromagnetic radiation from cell phone towers were evaluated in this study. In daily life, there is an increasing need for the use of cellular phones without the ability to get rid of them taking into our mind that these phones operate on base of radiofrequency emitting and receiving ranging from 400 to 2000 megahertz. Random volunteer human males between 25-50 years old dwelling in houses within 150 meters from a cell tower were studied. The samples of these people were labelled as "Subjected". Seventy five samples of blood were gained on a base of ages as twenty five from ages 25 – 30, twenty five from ages 35 – 40, and twenty five from ages 45 – 50 in addition to seventy five samples of people who did not dwell close to the towers and of the same previous pattern of ages and their samples were labelled as "Non subjected". The results have demonstrated a significant elevation in transaminases (AST, ALT), blood calcium (Ca++), blood potassium (K+), total serum cholesterol (TSCH), triacylglycerols (TAGs), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) beside a significant decline in high density lipoprotein (HDL) of all Subjected samples as compared with the Non subjected ones at (P≤0.05). We concluded that the cellular phone towers do affect the human health.

Author(s) Details:

Wissam Sajid Hashim,
Department of Physiology and medical Physics, College of Medicine, Al Muthanna University, Iraq.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V7/article/view/14227

The Molecular Mechanism Tetrahydrocurcumin as an Antihyperlipidemic Agent | Chapter 2 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

 Hyperlipidemia is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular complication in diabetes. A study was undertaken to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic activity of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC). Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) is commonly used in the treatment of diabetes by ayurvedic physicians. Curcumin is a biologically active component isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa that possess antidiabetic and has been proven scientifically for high antioxidant activity and anticancer properties. THC is one of the major colorless metabolite of curcumin. THC has been reported to exhibit the same physiological and pharmacological properties of curcumin. Curcumin is rapidly metabolized during absorption from the intestine, yielding THC, which has shown the strongest antioxidant activity among all curcuminoids. The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and HMG-CoA reductase activity were significantly increased whereas the level of HDL-cholesterol was significantly decreased in serum, liver and kidney of STZ and nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. In STZ diabetic rats treated with THC and curcumin, the levels of lipids and HMG-CoA reductase activity were significantly decreased while the level of HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased. It was observed that antihyperlipidemic effect may be due to improvement in glycaemic control and increased plasma insulin activity, which may result in STZ and nicotinamide induced diabetic rats treated with THC and curcumin to maintain serum and tissue lipids in normal level. The THC administration showed more effective than curcumin. Fatty acids composition of total lipids was significantly altered in liver, kidney and brain of STZ and nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. There was an increase in the levels of palmitic acid and stearic acid with significant decrease in the levels of linolenic acid and arachidonic acid were observed in the tissue of diabetic rats. These polyunsaturated fatty acids are the major targets for reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage. This study showed that administration of THC and curcumin resulted in a significant protection against the changes in the fatty acid composition in STZ and nicotinamide induced diabetic rats.

Author(s) Details:

P. Murugan,
Bharathidhasan University, Tiruchirapalli - 620 024, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V12/article/view/12967

Research Pertaining to the Phytochemical Analysis of Extracts Derived from the Leaves of Coleus rotundifolius L. | Chapter 5 | Recent Trends in the Study of Botanical Research Volume - 1

 In the current phase of research, an intricate chemical analysis was undertaken on Coleus rotundifolius L., a valuable medicinal plant within the Lamiaceae family. This investigation encompassed an exhaustive examination of phytochemical constituents, utilizing distinct solvent extracts such as water, methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and acetone, derived from the plant's leaves. The obtained results illuminated a rich amalgamation of biochemical elements across all solvent extracts, notably including carbohydrates, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and lipids. However, a notable accentuation was observed in the methanolic leaf extract, which displayed an enhanced presence of phenols, effectively outshining the other constituents.

Author(s) Details:

Mohammad Salim,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

Pratima Patel,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

Jay Singh Patel,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTSBR-V1/article/view/12452

Biochemical Changes in Subcellular Fractions of Lamellidens marginalis after Oil Exposure and Recovery| Chapter 3 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 7

 Aquatic dirtiness provoked by different technical effluents and anthropogenic ventures is a weighty problem for amphibious citizens and has a negative affect life of mammals. Sub-natural fractions (cytosolic and microsomal) were groomed from the tissues (square, side of human face and digestive gland) of freshwater mussel Lamellidens marginalis and were checked to inspect the timbre of biochemical components (protein, hydrogen and lipids) later uncovering of sub-deadly concentrations of 1/4th (11.88 ppt) and 1/10th (8.55 ppt) of 96-hr LC 50 of lubricate discharge, and recovery ending (cleansing-without lubricate discharge) afterwards seven days interval that is, 1st, 8th, 15th 22nd and 30th days. Protein is individual of ultimate important and complete groups of organic fabrics including the nitrogenous constituent of the body and operating various organic functions.  The tissues of mussels were examined at the judgment of the 30th epoch for biochemical elements during two together the uncovering and depuration stages. When endanger substitute-lethal quantities of lubricate discharge, the aggregation of oil discharge in the tissues evolved evenly, and levels of protein, carbohydrate, and lipid were establish expected significantly and steadily dropping in the substitute-cellular tissues of mussels. During improvement ending (outside adding lubricate discharge), all exhausted biochemical contents were renewed, raised, evenly, significantly from 30th epoch to Ist epoch (P<0.05) and direct ANOVA showed growing definite reversion coefficient principles (P<0.05) comprehensively days. The increased and renewed levels of biochemical elements in lubricate-exposed mussels show a traditional mollusc protective activity, and this reaction has the potential to be secondhand as a biomarker for the early discovery of lubricate pollution.

Author(s) Details:

Solamuthu Balamurugan,
P. G. and Research Department of Zoology, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Bharathidasan University, Musiri-Taluk, Tiruchirappalli-District, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V7/article/view/9225

Fundamental Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis| Chapter 11 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8

 Atherosclerosis is characterized by the presence of apolipoprotein B- lipoproteins in the arterial matrix, which serve as an magnet for monocytes that develop into macrophages and dendritic cells. The subendothelial subcaste thickens because of a maladaptive seditious response touched off by macrophages discerned from signed monocytes. Myocardial infarction, stroke, and unforeseen cardiac death can all be caused by lesions. Knowledge of the etiology of atherosclerosis that's fleetly expanding, as well as the development of innovative, target-specific treatments, is altering the cure of atherosclerosis. As a result, a range of curatives are presently being estimated for their capacity to palliate the seditious pathways likely to spark and promote the atherosclerotic process. Although the intricate pathophysiology of atherosclerosis remains unknown, recent exploration has concentrated on expounding the complaint at the molecular position by studying atherogenesis. Endothelial dysfunction, adipose band conformation, stringy shrine conformation, and shrine rupture are some of the mechanisms that will be studied in this study to more understand how atherosclerosis progresses(Fig. 1). The pathological and molecular mechanisms of atherosclerotic shrine generation and growth are bandied in detail in this composition. This review focuses on the specific targets of atherosclerosis and discusses the complaint's pathogenesis and development.

Author(s) Details:

Maha Ayoub,
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Cell Culture Unit and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V8/article/view/8500

Do Traditional Culinary Methods Alter the Lipid Content and Fatty Acid Profiles of Mytilus galloprovincialis? | Chapter 1 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 6

The impact of five different cooking techniques—boiling, microwaving, frying, and barbecue-grilling—on the lipids and fatty acid content (FAs) of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis was examined. Additionally, a number of lipid nutritional quality indices (LNQI) of dietary importance, including the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids, the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6, the atherogenicity index, the thrombogenicity index, the hypo-cholesterolemic to hyper-cholesterolemic index, the health-promoting index, the unsaturation index, the flesh lipid quality, and the polyene index, were used to evaluate the nutritional quality When compared to raw mussel, all cooked samples had much less moisture and more lipids. The highest figure for total lipids in fried food was 13.75 g/100 g wet weight.

The fatty acid profiles of mussels were significantly (p 0.05) changed by all cooking methods, with the greatest changes occurring in the fried samples, which had the lowest concentrations of saturated fatty acids (SFA), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and highest concentrations of n-6 PUFAs. The n-3 PUFA from the raw sample to five cooking procedures significantly decreased, it was also discovered. Cooked mussels had a lower n-3/n-6 ratio than raw ones (6.01) did, with fried mussels having the lowest value (0.15). The LNQI of cooked vs raw mussels showed that cooking significantly altered the nutritional indices, indicating a reduction in nutritional quality. However, both raw and cooked samples showed LNQI that was within the range required to satisfy customer demand. In conclusion, heating mussels, with the exception of frying, did not degrade their nutritional value, despite the fact that it decreased the atherogenic and thrombogenic indices.

Author(s) Details:

Francesca Biandolino,

National Research Council, Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA) ,Via Roma, 3 74123 Taranto, Italy.

Isabella Parlapiano,

National Research Council, Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA) ,Via Roma, 3 74123 Taranto, Italy.

Asia Grattagliano,

Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1–00133 Roma, Italy.

Ermelinda Prato,

National Research Council, Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA) ,Via Roma, 3 74123 Taranto, Italy.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V6/article/view/7559

Solid-state Fermentation in the Bioavailability of Nutrients in Rice Bran | Chapter 15 | Recent Progress in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

 Rice bran, a by-product of grain processing, is nutrient-dense and high in bioactive compounds. Rice bran, on the other hand, has some disadvantages in terms of application, such as hydrolytic and oxidative enzyme activity, median digestibility, and antinutritional factors. Fermentative processes, on the other hand, seem to have the potential to effectively reduce these impacts. The aim of this chapter is to assess the benefits of rice bran for human consumption, as well as the benefits of fermentation on nutrient composition. The benefits of fermentation are evident in recent studies in the literature in increasing nutrient bioavailability, mitigating antinutritional factors, and increasing digestibility, rendering biomass a promising alternative in human nutrition.

Author (s) Details

Anelise Christ Ribeiro
School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Brazil.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RPMB-V5/article/view/878

Assessment of Lipid Composition in Medicinal Plants: Portulaca oleracea and Ficus thonningi | Chapter 7 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 3

 Medicinal features have been related for thousands of years to many species. The extracts of plants are commonly marketed as dietary supplements or tonics and advertised as health-beneficial. In order to evaluate the biochemical evidence for their therapeutic use as medicinal plants used in Nigeria, the lipid composition of these plants, Portulaca oleracea and Ficus thonningi, were analysed after extraction. P. oleracea lipids and F. Thonningi were extracted using chloroform and methanol (2:1), purified using Folch wash, and analysed to distinguish neutral and polar lipids and the different lipid groups using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography. The percentage composition of the different fractions of lipids was determined. The TLC outcome showed some neutral lipids, linoleic acid (66.7%) and triolene (26.7%) in P. oleracea and triolene (70%) in F. Linolenic acid (50 percent), oleic acid (35 percent), phospholipids (5 percent) and diacylglycerol in P. olerecea thus in F. Thonnningi and polar lipids: They were triolene (70%), triglycerol (30%), phosphatidate (26.7%), phospholipid (13.3%), diacylglycerol (30%) (10 percent ). P. oleracea's overall lipid is 35 percent, and F. Thonningi stands at 30 percent. The biochemical evidence for the therapeutic use of purslane as a medicinal plant contains omega-3 fatty acids (50 percent) as well as omega-6 fatty acids (66.7 percent). The use of P. oleracea and F is encouraged by this work. As medicinal plants to combat the occurrence of CHD and to treat patients with risk factors for CHD, and to improve overall body health due to their ability to lower cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure is also due to their therapeutic and pharmacological properties.

Author(s) Details

Ochulayi P. Ora
Department of Biochemistry, National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria, Nigeria.

G. E. Anekwe

Department of Biochemistry, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/343