Bioactivity of Mineral-Enriched Organic Carrots: Anticancer Effects in HT-29 Cells and Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Mice Splenocytes | Chapter 2 | Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways of the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Functional Foods

 

Carrot (Daucus carota) is a globally important root vegetable with diverse biological activities. Currently, organic cultivation places a greater focus on ecosystem health by using natural organic fertilisers and organic pesticides, such as animal and plant-based fertilisers and natural insecticides, reducing reliance on chemical substances, promoting soil health and ecological balance, and providing healthier and environmentally friendly agricultural products.  However, research on the anti-inflammatory properties of carrots, especially comparing traditionally cultivated and organically grown varieties, remains limited. Therefore, this study examined the anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties of carrots cultivated using Natural Dream Cultivation (NC), an organic farming method enhanced with mineral supplementation. The inhibitory effect of NC carrot extracts on HT-29 human colon cancer cells was assessed via MTT assay, while qPCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related genes. Nitric oxide (NO) concentration was measured using the Griess method. In LPS-induced mouse splenocytes, levels of inflammatory cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and natural killer (NK) cell activity was evaluated via LDH release assay. Results showed that NC significantly suppressed cancer cell proliferation. It up-regulated the expression of cell cycle arrest genes (p53, p21) and pro-apoptotic genes (Bim, Bad, Bax, Bak, caspase-9, caspase-3), while down-regulating anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL). Furthermore, NC treatment inhibited NO production and reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-12) in LPS-stimulated splenocytes. NC also promoted NK cell activation. By elucidating the inhibitory effects on cancer cells and modulation of inflammatory responses, this study reveals potential mechanisms behind the anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of carrots. The innovative mineral-enhanced organic cultivation method presented here offers new possibilities for developing carrots as a functional food candidate supported by in vitro and ex vivo bioactivity relevant to cancer- and inflammation-associated pathways. These findings may inform the future design of dietary research hypotheses and preclinical studies, pending validation in animal models and clinical settings.

 

Author(s) Details

Yanni Pan
Collaborative Innovation Center for Child Nutrition and Health Development, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea.

 

Yeon-Jun Lee
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea.

 

Sin-Il Sin
Agriculture Research Center for Carbon Neutral and Healing, Gurye 57607, Republic of Korea.

 

Seung-Hwan Park
Agriculture Research Center for Carbon Neutral and Healing, Gurye 57607, Republic of Korea.

 

Kun-Young Park

Collaborative Innovation Center for Child Nutrition and Health Development, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China and Graduate School of Integrative Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-998509-0-3/CH2

 

Impact of Volcanic Ash on Acidity, Mineral and Nutrient Content of Creeks and Soils Following the Montserrat Soufriere Hills Eruptions | Chapter 6 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 9

Volcanic activity occurs in hundreds of locations on the planet, extending from the far reaches of Iceland in the Northern hemisphere to the south Pacific ‘rim of fire’ and beyond. Montserrat’s once-deemed near-extinct Soufriere Hills volcano roared to life after many decades of dormancy in 1995 and continued belching its plumes into the atmosphere and its volcanic (volcano) ash flow into the surrounding lower elevations for more than a decade, forcing over half of the population to evacuate to safer domains. The volcano finally experienced relaxation of the most aggressive phases of eruptive activity in 2010. Volcanic eruptions typically deliver enormous amounts of gases, minerals and ash residues to the nearby land and streams patenting contaminating the surrounding environment. Because agricultural soils and potable water supplies provide a major source of minerals known to be essential for plant and animal health, it was of interest to determine the pH, mineral, and nutrient composition of the creeks and surroundings following Montserrat’s volcanic eruption. The volcano wreaked severe havoc and irreparable damage to the geography and ecosystems, and created a serious immediate and chronic health risk to the remaining inhabitants of the Island. The active pyroclastic ash flow reached temperatures of 1500 °F or more and progressed down the hillsides at speeds often exceeding 80 mph. The extreme temperatures of the ash flow caused instant incineration and virtual destruction of everything in its path, while the gaseous and particulate-laden plume reached altitudes of 7 miles (10.7 km), impacting air quality and aircraft navigation in the region. A total of 19 individuals became entrapped in the lava flow and perished quickly as a direct result of the volcanic eruption. Volcanic soils derive from deeper layers of the Earth's surface and are notoriously rich in mineral nutrients representative of those deep mineral deposits. While virtually all combustible objects in the path of the raging ash flow become incinerated within minutes, the aftermath of the eruptions delivers the mineral-rich constituents over a wide swath of the surrounding geography, often reaching miles from the volcanic origin. Soils and consumable water sources are well known to provide a reliable community source of essential minerals in human nutrition, and in their chronic absence, numerous pathologic sequela may develop. To determine the mineral content of surrounding surface soils, samples of surface ash layers and nearby creeks were obtained from 7 regions and 3 free-flowing creeks and subjected to mineral analysis. The surface ash specimens contained abundant amounts of the nutrients Iron, Calcium, Sodium, Magnesium, Sulfur, and non-nutrient Aluminum, intermediate amounts of potassium, Phosphorus, and Manganese, and small amounts of Boron, Copper and Zinc. Creek water runoff originating from higher elevations was consistently acidic with a healthy mean pH of 5.1, and contained smaller proportions of the same minerals, reflective of their relative effective solubility in the acidic water. Thus, the volcanic ash flow while devastating to the environment and public health in the immediate aftermath, provided numerous minerals important to plant and animal nutrition and to human health and health water sources which contributed to the longer-term reinstitution of edible plants and to the recovery of the vibrant lush greenery of the Emerald Isle of the Caribbean.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Orien L Tulp
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat and Einstein Medical Laboratory, Florida, USA.

 

Frantz Sainvil
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, Einstein Medical Laboratory, Florida, USA and Broward College, Davie, Florida, USA.

Rolando Branly
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat and Broward College, Davie, Florida, USA.

 

Andrew Sciranka
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat.

 

Roberto Guibert
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat.

 

George P Einstein
University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v9/5021

Analysing the Nutritional Values of Moringa oleifera, under the Semi-arid Conditions of Sudan | Chapter 5 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 9

Moringa oleifera (miracle plant) is rich in proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, trace elements fatty acids, fibers, and phytochemical compounds. Moringa oleifera plant is used in semiarid, tropical, and subtropical areas as a food and medicinal plant. Moringa leaves are good food sources for those suffering from malnutrition due to their high protein and fiber content. The aim of the study is to evaluate the nutritional value of Moringa oleifera. The leaf extract of Moringa was studied by evaluating total protein, amino acid, vitamins, minerals, total fat and crude fiber under the semi-arid conditions of Sudan. The study was executed at the experimental farm of the Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute in Shambat, Sudan. HPLC and amino acid analyzer, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, Soxlet extractor, and Kjeldahl methods were used in this study. Minerals determination was done by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). It was found that, carbohydrates 9.1 g, dietary fiber 2.1 g, fat 1.7 g, protein 8.1 g also rich in vitamins such as vitamin A 80 μg, thiamine (B1) 0.103 mg, Riboflavin (B2) 0.112 mg, Niacin (B3) 1.5 pantothenic acids (B5) 0.48 mg, vitamin B6 0.129 mg folic acid (B9) 41 μg Vitamin C 8.6 mg also rich in minerals such as Calcium 99.1 mg, Iron 1.3 mg, Magnesium 35.1 mg Mangenase 0.119 mg, Phosphorus 70.8 mg, Potassium 471 mg, Sodium 70 mg, Zinc 0.85 mg Also rich in essentials amino acids (ug/ml) Threonine 36.77, Valine 22.1, Methionine 2.13, Leucine 20.50, Isoleucine 31.8, Phenylalanine36.8, Histidine 30.88, Lycine 27.67, Argnine 21.45. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that Moringa oleifera leaf extract had highly nutritive values.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Rasha Khalid Abbas
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied and Industerial Science University of Bahri, Sudan and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts in Mukhwa, University of Albaha, Saudi Arabia.

 

Fatma S Elsharbasy
Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Center, Egypt and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Humanity studies, Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Abdalfatah Abdalla Fadlelmula
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts in Mukhwa, University of Albaha, Saudi Arabia.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v9/4068

Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Study of Crude Extracts of Herbal Potentilla reptans L. | Chapter 6 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 9

 The study was designed to detect the bioactive compounds, antioxidants, and minerals from the herbal plant Potentilla reptans and to investigate the antimicrobial activities of plant extract against certain human pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Phytochemicals procuring many properties, of antioxidant, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic have been validated scientifically. The crude extract of indigenous herbal Potentilla reptans L. habitat wild, belonging to the Rosaceae family, has been explored in search of therapeutic compounds that amalgamate as associative phytochemical and phytomineral constituents. The plant, Potentilla reptans, was collected from a hillside in Kakching Uyock Ching, Kakching district, India during August and September 2020. Several novel bioactive organic compounds, viz. antioxidant (30.8 µg/mL), saponin (30 mg/g), flavonoid (10.39 mg/g), alkaloid (30 mg/g), phenol (4.33 mg/g), tannin (30.74 mg/g), and minerals like magnesium (4.55 mg/g), iron (1.12 mg/g), sulfur (1.85 mg/g), potassium (1.26 mg/g), manganese (0.10 mg/g), calcium (5.16 mg/g), phosphorous (0.14 mg/g), zinc (0.12 mg/g) and copper (0.06 mg/g), are indispensable sources of precious chemodiversity, the only means for the survivability of species forever on earth have depicted. In an antimicrobial test with crude extracts, a strong positive effect against Staphylococcus aureus in bacteria and Candida albicans, and Microsporum gypseum in fungi by all extracts of MeOH, EtOAc, and CHCl3 was authenticated to the aged old traditional health care system of herbals and novel to unique in home remedy prescriptions. Phytochemically, the majority of the phytoconstituents present in Potentilla reptans are polyphenolics components with phenolics and tannins as the most dominant phytochemicals.

Author(s) Details:

M. Neshwari Devi,
Department of Chemistry, Waikhom Mani Girls’ College, Thoubal-795138, India.

N. Sangbanbi Devi,
Department of Botany, Imphal College, Imphal-795001, India.

S. R. Singh,
Department of Botany, United College, Chandel-795127, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V9/article/view/13046

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Drones in the Mining Industry: A Case Study | Chapter 7 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 9

In this branch, we are utilizing AI-stimulate drones for the analysis of agricultural land use in excavating leases. Drones in mining have proved tremendous growth and have further added meaningful value to all mining projects. With better arrangement, in-depth study, diminished expenses, and profound workers' security, the mining industry has erect its hero. The automation of drone control, which involves the control of navigation and evolution, has been made likely by the use of machine intelligence (AI). Numerous techniques, such as GPS pursuing, computer view, and machine learning algorithms, maybe used to implement this application. During the survey, data was grabbed using drone tools within the mining sublet and up to 100 meters from allure boundary. The data was used to devise 3-dimensional models of the excavating lease. The survey area and winged path were forged using KML in software uses, which admitted for precise planning and killing of the drone flights.Drones are crucial for land scrutinizing and mapping due to their singular mix of dimensional coverage and resolution. The Orthomosaic device may produce extreme precision georeferencing if various ground-control points were used. In conjunction with field observations, drones determine a prompt and precise method of recording land data and allure use. A drone survey and mapping movement was conducted within a excavating lease located near the village of Kanthariya, in the Tehsil and District of Chittorgarh, top an area of 64.75 hectares, for the study of agricultural land use in the mining hire. The use of artificial intelligence to mechanize the control of drones is an application of AI in the field of drone electronics. This technology can boost the accuracy and efficiency of drone movements, including traveling and movement.

Author(s) Details:

Hitanshu Kaushal,
College of Technology & Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, India.

Anupam Bhatnagar,
Department of Mining Engineering, College of Technology & Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V9/article/view/11665

Influence of Age on Serum Copper, Iron, Zinc and Molybdenum Levels in Pandharpuri Buffaloes | Chapter 8 | Newest Updates in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 4

 The Study proposed to evaluate the influence of various age groups on sure serum calculating minerals in female Pandharpuri buffaloes. Hence, study was attended on 24 Pandharpuri female buffaloes maintained at College farm of KNP College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal and were classification into various groups according to age Viz. Group I: Buffalo shins (up to 6 months), Group II: Young increasing confuse calves (6 months to 12 months), Group III: Buffalo heifers (12 months to 30 months) and Group IV: Adult Buffalos (above 30 months) holding 6 (six) animals in each group.. Blood samples were composed and analysed for micro mineral like Copper, Iron and Zinc by utilizing Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and Molybdenum by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy. The principles (ppm) in Group I, II, III and IV for Serum Cu are (1.92 ± 0.30, 2.21 ± 0.28, 2.33 ± 0.25 and 2.46 ± 0.31), Serum Fe are (1.19 ± 0.08, 1.14 ± 0.15, 1.81 ± 0.05 and 2.45 a ± 0.15), Serum Zn are (1.20 ± 0.16, 1.15 ± 0.15, 1.43 ± 0.14 and 1.23 ± 0.10) and for antitoxin Mo are (0.50 ± 0.03 0.55 ± 0.04, 0.42 ± 0.02 and 0.46 ± 0.03). The present data tells that, skilled was non-significant growing trend in aggregation of antitoxin Cu and significant obviously increasing style in concentration of antitoxin Fe with different age groups. There was no important difference in aggregation of antitoxin Zn and serum Mo with different age groups outside any compatible flow.

Author(s) Details:

N. D. Devhane,
Department of Veterinary Physiology, KNP College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal-412801, Dist. Satara, Maharashtra, India.

V. R. Patodkar,
Department of Veterinary Physiology, KNP College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal-412801, Dist. Satara, Maharashtra, India.

V. M. Sardar,
Department of Veterinary Physiology, KNP College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal-412801, Dist. Satara, Maharashtra, India.

P. V. Mehere,
Department of Veterinary Physiology, KNP College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal-412801, Dist. Satara, Maharashtra, India.

L. A. Pangaonkar,
Department of Veterinary Physiology, KNP College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal-412801, Dist. Satara, Maharashtra, India.

S. M. Bhalerao,
Department of Animal Nutrition, KNP College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal-412801, Dist. Satara, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NUAVS-V4/article/view/10230

The Use of Nutrition in Preventing and Slowing Progression of COVID-19 Infection| Chapter 8 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

 Eating a factory- grounded, whole- foods diet is an important way to insure the body obtains its diurnal conditions of nutrients to fight infections, including COVID- 19. This book chapter reviews up- to- date literature of recommended vitamins, minerals, andanti-inflammatory nutrients to help and decelerate progression of COVID- 19 infection. This information is important not only for the general population, but also for women and long- vehicles with extended impacts of COVID- 19 symptoms.

Author(s) Details:

Kathryn C. Stephens,
Physician in Psychiatry, Stanford University, California, USA.

Vimala Alagappan,
Harvard University, US.

Ripal Shah,
Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V3/article/view/8382

Nutritional and Biological Profile of Citrullus colocynthis | Chapter 4 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7

 This chapter has information on the proximate analysis, mineral content, and therapeutic uses of Citrullus colocynthis. It is frequently referred to as a bitter apple (Family: Cucurbitaceace). Nutrients like Ash (2-4.48%), Fats (20.7-26.6%), Moisture (4.4-4.91%), Fiber (1.1-52.0%), and Carbohydrates (13.7-70.17%) are abundant in the various portions of bitter melon. Crude protein concentration ranged from 3.68 to 18.83% in different regions, followed by crude fibre (1.84 to 15.13%) and moisture (5.85 to 10.11%), in that order. Following calcium in order of traces were potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, phosphorus, sodium, and copper. It contains a lot of amino acids, particularly the important ones. It has long been well known for its medicinal uses, including as a snake poison as an anthelmintic, diuretic, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic.

Author(s) Details:

Faruk Alam,
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam down town University, Panikhaiti, Guwahati, Assam-781026, India.

Moidul I. Judder,
Royal School of Pharmacy, The Assam Royal Global University, Betkuchi, Guwahati, Assam 781035, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V7/article/view/8367

Contribution to the Physicochemical and Microbiological Study of Dried Mango. Comparison of Two Drying Methods (Oven and Solar Drying)| Chapter 7 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 1

 One of the earliest preservation techniques still used by humans is drying. On that, we can go back to the Stone Age. In the food supply chain, dried foods from the market are crucial. Regarding drying in the food business, it may be calculated that fruits and vegetables make up roughly 1% of the total, with grains being the most significant component. The key characteristic of this method is that it reduces the water content of the food to prevent or delay microbial food degradation. At this point, some comprehension can be gained from the terminology used; often encountered words include (drying) or (dehydration). Mangoes of several varieties were dried in two ways (solar and oven). Relative humidity for sun-dried mango is 14.17% 0.01 versus 8.25% 0.01 for oven-dried mango, and the drying yield for sun-dried mango is 33% as opposed to 26%. Compared to oven-dried mango, there is a decrease in dry matter. The mango that has been sun-dried is rich in minerals, vitamin B6, and vitamin C. (Ca, Mg and Fe). But after the drying processes, we also observed that vitamins were present (A, D, and E). Regarding the microbiological requirements, we attained data that complied with the ISO 4833 standard, which regulates the microbiology of the food chain.

Author(s) Details:

Izaora Mwamba,
Department of Chemistry and Industry, University of Kinshasa, Faculty of Sciences, Biochemistry and Food Chemistry Unit. BP 190 KinXI, Kinshasa, DR Congo.

Jean-Noël Mputu,
Department of Chemistry and Industry, University of Kinshasa, Faculty of Sciences, Biochemistry and Food Chemistry Unit. BP 190 KinXI, Kinshasa, DR Congo and Department of Geology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mons, 9 Houdain Street, 7000 Mons, Belgium.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V1/article/view/7940

Investigating the Impact of Flour from White Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) on Rheological, Qualitative and Nutritional Properties of the Bread | Chapter 07 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 4

 The white bean is the most significant nutritious legume in many countries around the world, including Kosovo. The purpose of this study is to look at the rheology properties, qualitative attributes, and nutritional contents of bread prepared with varying amounts of white bean flour (up to 25%). The results of the dough rheology study revealed that increasing bean flour content increases water absorption and dough development time, but it also decreases extensibility, resistance, and dough energy. The inclusion of white bean flour has resulted in a significant increase in nutritional qualities, particularly in the areas of proteins, cellulose, and minerals.

Author(S) Details

Gafur Xhabiri
Faculty of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Tetova, Tetovo, North Macedonia.

Ibrahim Hoxha
Faculty of Agribusiness, University of “Haxhi Zeka”, Peja, Kosovo.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V4/article/view/6406

A New Research on Chemical Composition and Rumen Fermentation Profile of Mangrove Leaves (Avicennia marina) from West Sumatra, Indonesia | Chapter 16 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 1

 N. Jamarun, R. Pazla, Arief, A. Jayanegara, and G. Yanti. 2020. Biodiversitas Journal 21: 5230-5236 published a new study titled "Chemical composition and rumen fermentation profile of mangrove leaves (Avicennia marina) from West Sumatra, Indonesia." The goal of this study was to see if Avicennia marina mangrove leaves might be used as ruminant animal feed. Three replicates of laboratory testing on A. marina were conducted. Proximate and fibre content, rumen fluid profile (pH, NH3, and VFA), nutritional digestibility (DM, Ash, CP, CF, NDF, ADF, cellulose, and hemicellulose), macro and micro mineral content, and phytochemical compounds were all measured. The nutritional content of A. marina was found to be CP 13.37 percent; Ash 7.17 percent; lignin 7.34 percent; TDN 79 percent; rumen fluid profile is in good shape; food substance digestibility is over 50%; rich in macro and micro minerals; and phytochemical compounds such as phenols, steroids, triterpenoids, and tannins. Ca 0.38 percent, Na 0.20 percent, Mg 0.20 percent, K 0.48 percent, P 0.51 percent, S 0.01 percent, Cl 1.03 percent, Fe 388 ppm, Zn 164 ppm, Mn 211 ppm, and Cu 128 ppm are the macro and micro minerals found. According to the findings, A. marina has a high potential for usage as a ruminant animal feed.

Author (S) Details

Novirman Jamarun
Department of Nutrition Science and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Andalas. Jl. Raya Unand, Limau Manis, Padang 25163, West Sumatra, Indonesia and Department of Education Quality Assurance, Faculty of Medical, Universitas Baiturrahmah. Jalan Raya By Pass Km. 14, Aie Pacah, Padang 25586,West Sumatra, Indonesia.

Roni Pazla
Department of Nutrition Science and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Andalas. Jl. Raya Unand, Limau Manis, Padang 25163, West Sumatra, Indonesia and Department of Extension Science and Development Communication, Graduate Program, Universitas Andalas. Jl. Raya Unand, Limau Manis, Padang 25163, West Sumatra, Indonesia.

 Arief
Department of Nutrition Science and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Andalas. Jl. Raya Unand, Limau Manis, Padang 25163, West Sumatra, Indonesia.

Anuraga Jayanegara
Department of Nutrition Science and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia.

Gusri Yanti
Department of Nutrition Science and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Andalas. Jl. Raya Unand, Limau Manis, Padang 25163, West Sumatra, Indonesia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V1/article/view/3184

Serum Zinc Level Estimation- Comparision between Normal Control and in Leprosy Patients: Clinical Presentations | Chapter 1 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

 Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The colder parts of the body, such as the skin and peripheral nerves, are predominantly affected. Leprosy affects the body's biochemical and immunological systems, as well as trace metals such as zinc, copper, and magnesium. After iron, zinc is the second most prevalent trace metal in the body. The goal of this study was to investigate into the amount of serum zinc in leprosy patients and to correlate with clinical manifestations wherever possible. The study comprised 63 persons who had recently been diagnosed with leprosy. After that, the cases were split into clinical subgroups and compared to the controls. Serum zinc levels were evaluated using serum samples collected from venous blood. The majority of patients (26.9%) had Intermediate Leprosy, with Histoid Leprosy being the minority (1.58%). The lowest serum zinc levels were found in pure tuberculoid and indeterminate leprosy patients, whereas the highest were found in pure lepromatous and Erythema nodosum leprosum patients, demonstrating that leprosy patients with higher bacterial burdens had lower serum zinc levels. There may be a link between serum zinc levels and bacillary load, based on this.

Author (s) Details

Pramila Jain
Department of Pathology Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal M.P 462001, India.

Vivek Khare
Department of Pathology Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal M.P 462001, India

Ashish Koshti
Department of Pathology Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal M.P 462001, India.

Reeni Malik
Department of Pathology Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal M.P 462001, India.

Bhawna Bhimte
Department of Medical Biochemistry Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal MP 462001, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V1/article/view/2780

Determination of Bioactive Compounds, Biochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Selected Minor Indigenous Fruits in Bangladesh | Chapter 5 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 11

 Minor fruits may contain antinutrients, but there isn't enough primary data in Bangladesh. As a result, the current study was conducted to collect data for a database of minor fruit composition. The antioxidant activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and reducing power assays were used to assess the total phenolic (TPH), vitamin C, total carotene, and ß-carotene contents, as well as the antioxidant activity of selected minor fruits (RPA). To analyze phenolic compounds, high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector and autosampler was used. Minor fruits contain a variety of phytochemicals, according to the findings. TPH, ascorbic acid, total flavonoid (TF), ß-carotene, total carotenoid (TC), and total anthocyanin content (TAC) were particularly high, with values ranging from 0.23-176.50 mg GAE/g, 16.67-664.92 mg/100 g, 2.26-150.02 mg QE/100 g, 1.41-6897.57 g/100 g, 1.26-98.24 mg/100 The IC50 ranged from 0.01-278.24 g of ascorbic acid/mg of extract for the parameters antioxidant activity, total antioxidant capacity, DPPH, reducing power capacity (RPC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), metal chelating capacity (MCC), nitric oxide (NO), and free radical scavenging activity. 39.70-250.00 %, 3.21-634.00 %, 0.02-1817.88 % Fe2SO4/100g, 22.29-210.43 %, 0.02-70.50 %, and 4.98-856.70 g/g, respectively. Gallic acid (279.06 mg/100 g), vanilic acid (43.77 mg/100 g), -courmaric acid (178.96 mg/100 g), ferulic acid (20.44 mg/100 g), and lutein (91.13 g/100 g) have all been found and quantified in aonla, day fruit, elephant apple, and bilimbi. Furthermore, all of the minor fruits contain a high concentration of bioactive, biochemical, and antioxidant compounds that could be used in therapeutic applications.

Author (s) Details

Dr. M. M. Molla
Postharvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh.

A. A. Sabuz
Postharvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh.

M. G. F. Chowdhury
Postharvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh.

M. H. H. Khan
Postharvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh.

M. Alam
Postharvest Technology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh.

T. A. A. Nasrin
Postharvest Technology Section, HRC, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh.


A. Khatun
Institute of Food Science and Technology, BCSIR, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

M. M. Islam
Nutrition Unit, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC), Dhaka, Bangladesh.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V11/article/view/1964

Solid-state Fermentation in the Bioavailability of Nutrients in Rice Bran | Chapter 15 | Recent Progress in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

 Rice bran, a by-product of grain processing, is nutrient-dense and high in bioactive compounds. Rice bran, on the other hand, has some disadvantages in terms of application, such as hydrolytic and oxidative enzyme activity, median digestibility, and antinutritional factors. Fermentative processes, on the other hand, seem to have the potential to effectively reduce these impacts. The aim of this chapter is to assess the benefits of rice bran for human consumption, as well as the benefits of fermentation on nutrient composition. The benefits of fermentation are evident in recent studies in the literature in increasing nutrient bioavailability, mitigating antinutritional factors, and increasing digestibility, rendering biomass a promising alternative in human nutrition.

Author (s) Details

Anelise Christ Ribeiro
School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Brazil.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RPMB-V5/article/view/878

The Influence of Dolomitic Lime and Muriate of Potash Application on Fruit Mineral Content and Jelly Seed Disorder Incidence of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) | Chapter 12 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

 Jelly seed physiological condition is one of the factors leading to mango (Mangifera indica L) losses in Kenya and other parts of the world. It's thought to be linked to a lack of N, K, Mg, and Ca in the fruit's supply. Mango production in Kenya has increased as a result of rising demand for fruits as people become more conscious of their health benefits. The aim of this analysis was to see how dolomitic lime and muriate of potash (MOP) fertilisation affected mango jelly seed disorder and mineral content in the fruit tissue. In 2013 and 2014, MOP at rates of 0, 1.0, and 2.0 kg/tree/year, as well as dolomitic lime at rates of 0 and 2 kg/tree/year, were applied to ‘Tommy Atkins' and ‘Van Dyke' trees. A hedonic scale was used to rate the occurrence of jelly seeds in a group of ten tree ripe fruits per procedure. The content of K, Ca, and Mg in another fruit sample was determined. Dolomitic lime and MOP fertilisation had no effect on jelly seed score, but they did increase fruit K, Mg, and Ca content significantly when compared to regulation.

Author (s) Details

Joseph Njuguna
Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organisation (KALRO), P.O Box 220-01000.Thika, Kenya.

Jane Ambuko
University of Nairobi (UoN), Kenya.

Margaret Hutchinson
University of Nairobi (UoN), Kenya.

Willis Owino
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Kenya.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V8/article/view/803

A Critical Study on Seasonal Variation in Major Minerals (Ca, P, K, Mg) and Proximate Composition in Flesh of Mesopotamian Catfish (Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843) from Turkey | Chapter 9 | Recent Research Advances in Biology Vol. 5

 Seasonal variations in major minerals (Ca, P, K, Mg) and proximate composition of Mesopotamian catfish (Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843) were investigated in this research. Depending on age, sex, climate, season, catch area, and processing method, the mineral and proximate composition of fish varies greatly from one species to another and from one individual to another. Seasonally, fish samples were collected by fishing from Atatürk Dam Lake, which is situated within Turkey's boundaries (37oC45N' latitude/38oC17E' longitude). Ca, P, K, and Mg mean values were found to be 92.599.81 g/g, 1447.56117.38 g/g, 2762.50418.00 g/g, and 227.2639.79 g/g (wet weight), respectively. Summer was found to have the highest mineral content. Autumn had the highest crude protein content (18.88%), while winter had the lowest (16.88 percent ). The average lipid content was found to be between 4.22 and 6.56 percent, with winter having the highest value. The findings revealed substantial variations in major minerals and proximate composition between the four seasons (P0.05). As compared to other economically important freshwater species in Turkey, the Mesopotamian catfish from Atatürk Dam Lake (Turkey, Adiyaman) has a high lipid content, a low amount of major minerals, and a low protein content. The highest levels of major minerals were found in Mesopotamian catfish (S. triostegus) during the summer.

Author (s) Details

Mine Perçin Olgunoglu
Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Program, Kahta Vocational Training School, Adıyaman University, Turkey.

Ilkan Ali Olgunoğlu
Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Program, Kahta Vocational Training School, Adıyaman University, Turkey.

Mustafa Göçer
Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Program, Kahta Vocational Training School, Adıyaman University, Turkey.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RRAB-V5/issue/view/36

Comparative Nutritional and Phytochemical Evaluation of the Aerial and Underground Tubers of Air Potato (Dioscorea bulbifera) Available in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria: Detailed Study | Chapter 5 | Recent Advances in Science and Technology Research Vol. 2

The wild yam species (Dioscorea bulbifera), known as edu in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, has two types of edible tubers (underground tubers and aerial bulbils) produced simultaneously by the same plant. The yam species is highly neglected in the region such that it is only consumed in the rural areas often not out of preference but at periods of food scarcity. Both tuber forms are consumed in Abakaliki. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the nutritional and antinutritional profiles of the two tuber forms. The proximate and phytochemical constituents were determined using standard official methods of the Association of Analytical Chemists while mineral elements were quantified by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. The study revealed no significant difference between the tuber forms in their contents of crude fats, fibre ash and carbohydrates and calorific values (P>0.05) while crude protein was significantly higher in the aerial bulbils (P<0.05). The mineral elements K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and P but Mn were all significantly higher in the underground tubers while the heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Se and Co were not detected. Oxalate, tannins and phenols were significantly higher in the underground tubers while the bulbils were richer in alkaloids, HCN, saponins and flavonoids. Compared with nutritional values of common edible yam species in the literature, this study also showed that this neglected yam species is a good source of protein, lipid, crude fibre, carbohydrates and minerals. Its contents of the toxic substances (phytate, oxalate, tannins, alkaloids and HCN) were not exceedingly higher compared to common yams. This study revealed the high nutritional values of D. bublifera in terms of proximate and mineral composition, and its safety in terms of anti-nutrient contents, coupled with numerous literature reports on its medicinal potentials. We therefore advocate for increased cultivation, utilization and valorisation of the species in the area and beyond to enhance food and nutrition security.

Author(s) Details

A. Afiukwa Celestine
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria

O. Igwe David
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/189