Analysing the Nutritional Values of Moringa oleifera, under the Semi-arid Conditions of Sudan | Chapter 5 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 9

Moringa oleifera (miracle plant) is rich in proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, trace elements fatty acids, fibers, and phytochemical compounds. Moringa oleifera plant is used in semiarid, tropical, and subtropical areas as a food and medicinal plant. Moringa leaves are good food sources for those suffering from malnutrition due to their high protein and fiber content. The aim of the study is to evaluate the nutritional value of Moringa oleifera. The leaf extract of Moringa was studied by evaluating total protein, amino acid, vitamins, minerals, total fat and crude fiber under the semi-arid conditions of Sudan. The study was executed at the experimental farm of the Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute in Shambat, Sudan. HPLC and amino acid analyzer, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, Soxlet extractor, and Kjeldahl methods were used in this study. Minerals determination was done by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). It was found that, carbohydrates 9.1 g, dietary fiber 2.1 g, fat 1.7 g, protein 8.1 g also rich in vitamins such as vitamin A 80 μg, thiamine (B1) 0.103 mg, Riboflavin (B2) 0.112 mg, Niacin (B3) 1.5 pantothenic acids (B5) 0.48 mg, vitamin B6 0.129 mg folic acid (B9) 41 μg Vitamin C 8.6 mg also rich in minerals such as Calcium 99.1 mg, Iron 1.3 mg, Magnesium 35.1 mg Mangenase 0.119 mg, Phosphorus 70.8 mg, Potassium 471 mg, Sodium 70 mg, Zinc 0.85 mg Also rich in essentials amino acids (ug/ml) Threonine 36.77, Valine 22.1, Methionine 2.13, Leucine 20.50, Isoleucine 31.8, Phenylalanine36.8, Histidine 30.88, Lycine 27.67, Argnine 21.45. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that Moringa oleifera leaf extract had highly nutritive values.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Rasha Khalid Abbas
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied and Industerial Science University of Bahri, Sudan and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts in Mukhwa, University of Albaha, Saudi Arabia.

 

Fatma S Elsharbasy
Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Center, Egypt and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Humanity studies, Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Abdalfatah Abdalla Fadlelmula
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts in Mukhwa, University of Albaha, Saudi Arabia.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v9/4068

Insulin Resistance Contributes to Neuroinflammation, Cognitive Decline and Brain Senescence in Congenic Obese LA/Ntul//-cp Rats | Chapter 9 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 7

Search for a suitable an animal model may prove to be more productive to determine if insulin resistance and its direct metabolic sequelae might be significant co-contributors to the neuronal declines that occur in NIDDM, obesity, and progression of dementia conditions. The burgeoning prevalence of obesity and overweight conditions from the age of adolescence and throughout the lifespan has reached epidemic proportions in industrialized nations throughout the globe. One of the most prevalent findings in obesity is the emergence of insulin resistance, which is linked to both a persistent inflammatory state and systemic hypoxia in adipose tissue. Insulin resistance impacts several aspects of substrate oxidation and oxidative free radical production in brain and somatic tissues, and it is likely that adipose tissue depots are the source of cytokine-linked chronic inflammation. In studies with aging congenic lean and obese rats chronic hyperinsulinemia and brain shrinkage has now been reported, albeit it in the absence of Type 2 diabetes (NIDDM), hypertension (HTN) or other comorbidities, thereby suggesting that aspects of disordered substrate metabolism including insulin resistance as commonly observed in obesity may be a key contributory factor in the development of a neuroinflammatory linked brain shrinkage with accompanying decreases in brain mass, protein and DNA content, and which were further compromised when fed an isocaloric high vs. a low glycemic insulinogenic diet containing sucrose vs. cornstarch respectively. These findings imply that in this strain of obese rats, chronic insulin resistance due to obesity, which is at least partially caused by dietary variables, is a plausible independent risk factor in the development of neuroinflammation, DNA damage, brain shrinkage, and neural senescence.

Author(s) Details:

Orien L. Tulp,
Colleges of Medicine and Graduate Studies, University of Science Arts and Technology, Montserrat, British West Indies, MSR1110 and the Einstein Medical Institute, North Palm Beach, FL 33409, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V7/article/view/13427

Absorption of Macronutrients in Teleost | Chapter 6 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 6

 Teleosts make good use of macronutrients to maintain growth, metabolism, and development. In general, small and solubilized nutrients released during compound dietary asset digestion within the digestive lumen are successively transported across the brush border membrane following a concentration gradient, either by simple diffusion or with the assistance of specific transporters that can carry nutrients across the membrane. regardless of the concentration gradient Nutrients are transported from the enterocytes to the circulatory system via the basolateral membrane. The purpose of this article is to bring together existing knowledge on the nutrient transporter systems of intestinal absorptive enterocytes from various teleost fishes under one umbrella. It was discovered that the fish's entire digestive tract was not equally capable of absorbing nutrients. Furthermore, several internal physiological as well as external chemical and environmental factors can influence teleost macronutrient absorption.

Author (S) Details

Mr. Sanjeet Debnath
Department of Zoology, Aquatic Ecology and Fish Biology Laboratory, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal- 731235, India.

Ms. Sangeeta Roy
Department of Zoology, Aquatic Ecology and Fish Biology Laboratory, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal- 731235, India.

Dr. Surjya Kumar Saikia
Department of Zoology, Aquatic Ecology and Fish Biology Laboratory, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal- 731235, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V6/article/view/1719

Nutritional Content of Vietnamese Edible Bird’s Nest from Selected Regions: A Recent Study | Chapter 7 | Current Research in Agricultural and Food Science Vol. 5

 The edible bird's nest is well-known as a health food and a traditional Chinese remedy. The saliva secretions of the swiftlets, genus Aerodramus, whose habitats include Southeast Asian countries, are used to make edible bird's nest (EBN). The nutritional makeup of EBN is thought to vary depending on geographical origin, climatic conditions, climates, and dietary availability. The nutritional composition of edible bird's nest from two different sources in Vietnam is reported in this study: house-farmed bird's nest (Long An and Kien Giang Provinces) and cave bird's nest (Khanh Hoa Province).

Methodology: Samples were taken from three separate locations in Vietnam. AOAC Official Method 2001.12 (2005), AOAC Official Method 986.25 (2012), and FAO (1986) were used to determine protein, fat, and carbohydrate levels, respectively. Meanwhile, Shimadzu gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector (GC-FID 2010) was used to analyse amino acids (EZ: faastTM USER'S MANUAL).

Protein (49.43 - 51.17 percent) was discovered to be the most abundant component in these edible bird's nests, followed by carbohydrate (36.93 - 38.53 percent) and fat (36.93 - 38.53 percent) (0.01 - 0.04 percent ). The house-farmed bird's nest had fifteen amino acids, seven of which were essential, whereas the cave bird's nest had seventeen amino acids, eight of which were essential. The principal amino acids discovered in both house-farmed and cave bird's nests were proline (3.68 - 4.69 percent), aspartic acid (3.58 - 4.52 percent), and serine (3.74 - 4.09 percent), with lysine being the lowest concentration (0.74 - 0.87 percent ). Only the cave bird's nest contained methionine and 4-hydroxyproline.

Author(s) Details

Than Thi My Linh
Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Biotechnology, International University-Vietnam National University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Hoang Le Son
Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Biotechnology, International University-Vietnam National University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Huynh Mai Minh Ai
School of Food technology, Industry University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Ward 4, Go Vap District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAFS-V5/article/view/1137