Isolation and HPTLC Analysis of Conditional Amino Acids from the Fresh Leaves of Sessile Joyweed Alternanthera sessilis | Chapter 10 | Pharmaceutical Research - Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 4

 

Objective: The present study aimed to isolate the conditional amino acids present in the fresh leaf extracts of Alternanthera sessilis and compare the isolated amino acids with amino acid standards.

 

Background: Primary metabolites usually perform intrinsic functions and so present in all plants. Some common examples are carbohydrates, ethanol, lipids, nucleic acid and proteins. Secondary metabolites are usually not directly involved in growth, development or reproduction but are involved in defense function.

 

Methods: The fresh plant material was used for extraction. For the extracted sample solution, Paper chromatography and High-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprinting analysis were then carried out.

 

Results: Since Alternanthera sessilis is rich in protein, various amino acids have been isolated in aggregates and Paper chromatography has been performed. Amino acids are separated and identified using trial and error method. Cysteine, glycine, aspartic acid and proline-like standard amino acids were used for comparing with the isolated amino acids by High-performance thin layer chromatography fingerprint analysis, giving an idea for the authentication of the plant, its constituents and also provide parameters for quality control.  The result obtained by qualitative evaluation of HPTLC will be helpful in further quantitative estimation of each amino acid and also for standardization of herbal formulations containing this plant.

 

Conclusion: The results scientifically validate the use of Alternanthera sessilis in traditional medicine and also as a food. The present study can be considered as a reference and can be used for validation of the plant usage.

 

Author(s) Details

Swarnakumari S
Karpagam College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Mohan S
Karpagam College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Ida Christi V E
Karpagam College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Abinaya S
Karpagam College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

Kalaivani S
Karpagam College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v4/6650A

Application of Amino-acids for Deinking of MOW-type Paper in Flotation Columns | Chapter 5 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 7

Mixed waste from office paper (MOW) is an excellent source of low-cost, high-quality fiber for the papermaking industry. It is a fast-growing source of materials for recycling and the most difficult raw material to deink. The limitations in conventional deinking such paper are related to the negative environmental impacts that chemical substances can cause, which is why deinking in a neutral medium is receiving increasing attention. This study focuses on investigating the effect of the application of the amino acids Aspartate, Glutamate, and Asparagine in the deinking of office paper using a flotation column on a laboratory scale.

The methodology involves sample preparation, pretreatment, flotation, paper manufacture, microscopy analysis, and optical property evaluation. Here, 9 experimental series were carried out, modifying the amino acid dose from 0.1% to 0.2% on a dry paper basis. In the pretreatment, different doses of each amino acid and a mixture of the three were tested at different temperatures and pH conditions. The quality evaluation of the paper was carried out after the measurement execution of the optical properties of the paper (brightness, tonality, opacity and content of impurities), and the analysis of the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The best optical characteristics were obtained when using the mixture of the three amino acids at 0.6% on a dry weight basis of the paper to be deinked, proposed in this study, with 90.8% whiteness. From scanning electron microscopy analysis, no superficial damage to fiber morphology is observed in any of the fiber samples after deinking. The product of the mixture of the three amino acids, Aspartate, Glutamate and Asparagine, is useful and effective in the deinking of MOW paper, and it is also respectful with the environment, since only with its reactivity in this process, it achieves results of whiteness, cleanliness, color and shine far superior to those obtained by conventional methods.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Jeovani González P.
Institute of Research in Metallurgy and Materials, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Santiago Tapia 403, C.P. 58000, Morelia, Michoacán, México.

 

Ramiro Escudero G.
Institute of Research in Metallurgy and Materials, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Santiago Tapia 403, C.P. 58000, Morelia, Michoacán, México.

 

Rosa E. Pérez Sánchez
Pharmacobiology Faculty, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Santiago Tapia 403, C.P. 58000, Morelia, Michoacán, México.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v7/3062

Synthesis and Biological Applications of Ferrocenyl Amino Acids, Sugar and Nucleic Acids Derivatives | Chapter 1 | Advancements in Science and Technology: Paving the Way to a Sustainable Future

Ferrocene, known for its aromaticity, relative lipophilicity, and stable redox properties, has been widely explored in functional molecules due to its unique chemical characteristics. Despite being an organometallic compound, ferrocene and some derivatives maintain stability in aqueous and aerobic environments. Its industrial applications span diverse fields such as petroleum, plastics, textiles, metallurgy, and catalysis. Medicinally, ferrocene and its derivatives demonstrate cytotoxic, antitumor, antimalarial, and antianemic properties, making ferrocene-conjugated biomolecules particularly promising. One approach to enhance ferrocene’s water solubility and biocompatibility is through covalent attachment to biomolecules like amino acids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. These conjugates exhibit significant structural, electrochemical, and biological properties. This chapter reviews recent advancements in the synthesis of ferrocene-conjugated carbohydrates and amino acids, focusing on methods such as thio-alkylation, click chemistry, and amide linkage formation. Overall, the chemical versatility and bioactivity of ferrocene derivatives highlight their potential for future applications in medicinal and material science.

 

Author (s) Details

Dr. Anija Mol T Philip
Department of Chemistry, Hislop College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

 

Dr. Mayur V Khedkar
Department of Chemistry, Hislop College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

 

Dr. Shoeb R Khan
Department of Chemistry, Hislop College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

 

Dr. Shibin Chacko
Department of Chemistry, Hislop College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49473-39-3/CH1

Comparing Chromosomes between Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and Melon (C. melo L.) Based on Amino Acids Analysis | Chapter 4 | Food Science and Agriculture: Research Highlights Vol. 1

Cucumis sative has evolved from Cucumis melon through chromosome fusions, but details of these fusions are unknown. This research aimed to compare the genome sequences in both cucurbit crops by analyzing amino acids in their chromosomes. The data of GC%, relative codon bias strength (RCBS), and modified relative codon bias (MRCBS) were computed, and a cluster analysis was used to place each similar chromosome into one cluster. The result revealed some higher values of GC% in cucumber, such as chromosomes 19, 14, and 9, with 43.16, 43.06, and 40.45, respectively, while melon had some higher GC% values such as 45.97 and 42.90 in chromosomes 2 and 9, respectively. The higher means of RSCU (0.5) were asparagine, aspartic acid, and cysteine in both cucurbit crops. The values of the MRCBS had similar groups for both crops. This first group was glutamine, lysine, glycine, leucine, phenylalanine, valine, asparagine, tyrosine, stop codon, glutamic acid, and cysteine. The average linkage was higher in aspartic acid (GAT) at both cultivars. The polygenetic tree had eight clusters, with seq2 and seq21 as the first cluster at 0.79 in both crops. These findings would help plant breeders develop growth habits for both cultivars during the breeding program.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Meshal M. Almutairi
Advanced Agricultural and Food Technology Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia.

 

Hany M. Almotairy
Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13513-7148, Saudi Arabia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/fsarh/v1/4386

Analysing the Nutritional Values of Moringa oleifera, under the Semi-arid Conditions of Sudan | Chapter 5 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 9

Moringa oleifera (miracle plant) is rich in proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, trace elements fatty acids, fibers, and phytochemical compounds. Moringa oleifera plant is used in semiarid, tropical, and subtropical areas as a food and medicinal plant. Moringa leaves are good food sources for those suffering from malnutrition due to their high protein and fiber content. The aim of the study is to evaluate the nutritional value of Moringa oleifera. The leaf extract of Moringa was studied by evaluating total protein, amino acid, vitamins, minerals, total fat and crude fiber under the semi-arid conditions of Sudan. The study was executed at the experimental farm of the Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute in Shambat, Sudan. HPLC and amino acid analyzer, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, Soxlet extractor, and Kjeldahl methods were used in this study. Minerals determination was done by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). It was found that, carbohydrates 9.1 g, dietary fiber 2.1 g, fat 1.7 g, protein 8.1 g also rich in vitamins such as vitamin A 80 μg, thiamine (B1) 0.103 mg, Riboflavin (B2) 0.112 mg, Niacin (B3) 1.5 pantothenic acids (B5) 0.48 mg, vitamin B6 0.129 mg folic acid (B9) 41 μg Vitamin C 8.6 mg also rich in minerals such as Calcium 99.1 mg, Iron 1.3 mg, Magnesium 35.1 mg Mangenase 0.119 mg, Phosphorus 70.8 mg, Potassium 471 mg, Sodium 70 mg, Zinc 0.85 mg Also rich in essentials amino acids (ug/ml) Threonine 36.77, Valine 22.1, Methionine 2.13, Leucine 20.50, Isoleucine 31.8, Phenylalanine36.8, Histidine 30.88, Lycine 27.67, Argnine 21.45. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that Moringa oleifera leaf extract had highly nutritive values.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Rasha Khalid Abbas
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Applied and Industerial Science University of Bahri, Sudan and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts in Mukhwa, University of Albaha, Saudi Arabia.

 

Fatma S Elsharbasy
Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Center, Egypt and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Humanity studies, Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University, Saudi Arabia.

 

Abdalfatah Abdalla Fadlelmula
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts in Mukhwa, University of Albaha, Saudi Arabia.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v9/4068

Investigations into the Phytochemical Composition of Mucuna pruriens (L.) Seeds | Chapter 8 | Recent Trends in the Study of Botanical Research Volume - 1

 This chapter focuses on identifying the phytochemical components and assessing the acute oral toxicity of the methanolic extract obtained from Mucuna pruriens seeds. The process involved collecting mature seeds, drying them at room temperature, crushing them into coarse powder, and using Soxhlet's extraction technique with methanol. The resulting extract was then concentrated using a rotary flash evaporator, resulting in a semi-solid crude extract with a yield of 09.534%. The phytochemical analysis of the seed extract detected the presence of various compounds, including steroids, alkaloids, tannins, carbohydrates, amino acids, resins, and starch.

Author(s) Details:

Mohammad Salim,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

I. P. Prajapati,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

Mayuri Singh,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTSBR-V1/article/view/12455

Evaluation of the Effect of Biostimulants Based on Beneficial Microorganisms on the Amino Acid and Elemental Composition of Carrot Roots | Chapter 11 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 6

 The result of products accompanying the optimum content of vegetable protein and the essential macro- and microelements is an main task for farming. Biostimulants containing the microorganisms Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, and the fungus Trichoderma harzianum were used to evolve carrots on soddy-podzolic soil in the Moscow Region. The compound of amino acids in the of age root crops was determined on the Kapel-105 M analyst, as well as the basic arrangement using inductively connected plasma bulk spectrometry on a Nexion 300 D ploy (Perkin Elmer, USA). The determination of 17 amino acids in reward roots presented that the amount of essential amino acids in the variant accompanying biostimulants was 46.3% higher than in the control variant, and totalled 5.12 g/kg DM, while in the control - 3.50 g/kg DM. At the same time, the compound of 11 amino acids increased (g/kg of DM): aspartic acid (from 3.73 to 4.12), serine (from 0.93 to 1.08), proline (from 0.03 to 0.04), valine (from 0.003 to 0.046), isoleucine (from 0.02 to 0.67), leucine (from 0.75 to 0.82), tyrosine (from 0.55 to 0.64), phenylalanine (from 0.62 to 0.72), histidine (from 0.42 to 0.52), lysine (from 0.02 to 0.69), arginine (from 0.05 to 1.00). The situation carrots granted the increased level of alive macroelements (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium) and microelements (iron, metallic mineral, silicon, manganese, law enforcement officer, chromium, nickel, vanadium, iodine, sea color).

Author(s) Details:

S. P. Zamana,
State University of Land Use Planning, 15 Kazakova St., Moscow-105064, Russia.

T. D. Kondratieva,
Bioelements limited Office G56, The Bio Centre, Innovation Way, York Science Park, YO10 5NY, United Kingdom.

V. I. Savich,
Russian State Agricultural University,49, Timiryazevskaja St., Moscow-127550, Russia.

T. G. Fedorovsky,
State University of Land Use Planning, 15 Kazakova St., Moscow-105064, Russia.

S. A. Sokolov,
State University of Land Use Planning, 15 Kazakova St., Moscow-105064, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V6/article/view/10188

Effect of Varying Cooking Time on Amino Acids Profile of Flamboyant Seed Meal (Delonix regia) for Animals Feeding| Chapter 5 | Newest Updates in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 2

 The purpose concerning this study was to judge the influence of cooking occasion on amino acids profile of Flamboyant sources (Delonix regia). Delonix regia used for the study were composed at the premises of Plateau State College of Agriculture, Garkawa. Cooking begun at 100 C for 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes as situations and replicated three opportunities in a completely randomized design (CRD). It was before analyzed for two together essential and non-essential amino acid descriptions at the University of Jos, Plateau State, using a Technicon subsequent Multi-sample Amino Acid Analyzer (TSM). The findings disclosed significant (P<0.05) increase in the amino acids sketch from 0 to 60 minutes while a littlest loss was noticed in 90 to 120 begun time. In addition, frying duration further 60 mins denatured the amino acid profile. The amino acids characterization of 60 minutes begun time submitted the potential benefits of flamboyant children meal. The judgment support the use of flamboyant children meal as a fare security plant to increase approach to a balanced ration by providing good amount of fault-finding amino acids like lysine and methionine for muscle incident and precursor for cystine, beginning of dietary sulfur and necessary portion of the body protein.

Author(s) Details:

L. Y. Guluwa,
College of Agriculture, Garkawa, Plateau State, Nigeria.

S. A. Damter,
College of Agriculture, Garkawa, Plateau State, Nigeria.

B. O. Onazi,
Federal College of Education Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria.

I. J. Damar,
College of Agriculture, Garkawa, Plateau State, Nigeria.

Y. D. Dalokom,
College of Agriculture, Garkawa, Plateau State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NUAVS-V2/article/view/8923

Pyrrole Carboxamide Binol Conjugates: Chiral Receptors for Chemical Inversion of L-amino Acids to D- amino Acids| Chapter 4 | Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 5

 As chirality conversion reagents (CCRs), four pyrrole carboxamide binol conjugates 1-4 have been used to study the chemical inversion of L-amino acids to D-amino acids. With the help of a resonance-assisted hydrogen bond (RAHB), a Schiff base type imine is formed using this technique, raising the proton's acidity. The heterocylic moiety of the pendant groups and the extra hydrogen bonds between the amino acids and them further stabilise the molecule. All of the pyrrole carboxamine-based receptors 1-4 were discovered to have conversion efficiencies that were comparable to those of the receptors previously reported.

Author(s) Details:

K. Velmurugan,
Fluorensic Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed to be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore-641 114, India.

Lijun Tang,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Functional Compounds, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P. R. China.

J. Prabhu,
Fluorensic Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed to be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore-641 114, India.

R. Nandhakumar,
Fluorensic Materials Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed to be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore-641 114, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PCSR-V5/article/view/8479

Effect of Ultrasound in the enhancement of Protein Metabolism and Enzyme Activities in the Fat body of Fifth Instar Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.| Chapter 3 | Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 7

 Under the influence of ultrasound, protein metabolism parameters such as total, soluble proteins, free amino acids, and activity levels of protease, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate amino transferase, and alanine aminotransferase were measured in the fat body of the fifth instar larva of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. On these parameters, ultrasonography generally has an elevating effect. The events of histogenesis and histolysis connected to the metamorphosis of the silkworm are correlated with changes in the levels of certain biochemical components. Under the impact of ultrasound, the metabolism of proteins is accelerated, resulting in increased spinning activity, increased protein turnover in silk, and increased sericultural production. Enhancement of proteins by ultrasound clearly documented the induction of severe proteolysis and transamination of amino acids.

Author(s) Details:

P. Naga Jyothi,
Department of Fishery Science and Aquaculture, Sri Venkateswara University , Tirupati, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RABS-V7/article/view/8042

Evaluation of the Proximate, Mineral, Anti-Nutritional and Amino Acid Compositions of Ficus glumosa Leaves and Stem Bark | Chapter 13 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

The objective of this study was to assess the chemical, mineral, anti-nutritional, and amino acid contents of Ficus glumosa stem bark and leaves. All investigations adhered to accepted analytic standards. Ion exchange chromatography was utilised to perform amino acid analysis on samples utilising the Technicon Sequential Multisample (TSM) Amino Acid Analyzer (IEC). The results showed that the moisture values of Ficus glumosa's leaves and stem bark were 9.78 and 9.67%, respectively. The crude protein content of the leaves was 18.8%, whereas the crude protein content of the stem bark was 7.73%.It was discovered that the leaves' mineral content was greater than the stem bark's. In the stem bark and leaves, the Na/K ratios were 0.048 and 0.09, respectively. The four anti-nutrients evaluated for the leaves and stem bark had the greatest concentrations of tannins, 5.42 and 12.5 (mgTAE/g), respectively. According to amino acid compositions, the stem bark and leaves both contained 95.2 and 83.4 g/100 g cp of amino acids, respectively. Glu was the amino acid that was most concentrated, with values of 12.8 and 16.2 g/100g cp (leaves) (stem bark). The essential amino acid content of the leaves was 44.9 g/100 g cp (47.2%) whereas that of the stem bark was 37.2 g/100 g cp (44.6 percent). Crude protein, necessary amino acids, and critical minerals were all abundant in the leaves and stem bark of Ficus glumosa, which may assist to reduce protein shortages in developing countries. Due to the low Na/K ratio, both stem bark and leaves may be beneficial dietary sources for lowering high blood pressure.

Author(s) Details:

A. F. Akinsola,
Department of Industrial Chemistry, Ekiti State University, P. M. B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

I. Osasona,
Department of Chemical Sciences, Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, P.M.B. 250, Ikere-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

A. I. Aribisala,
Department of Industrial Chemistry, Ekiti State University, P. M. B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V8/article/view/7262

Fusel Alcohols of Wine – Alternative Nitrogenous Substance in Alcoholic Fermentation | Chapter 6 | Current Topics in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

Researchers have looked at the ingredients used to make European-style wine using Rkatsiteli varietals, which are unique to Georgia. Alcoholic fermentation of grape juice is brought on by the addition of nitrogenous substances like diammonium phosphate (DAP) and alternative nitrogen substance (ANS). Higher alcohol concentrations can significantly alter the sensory quality and character of wine and brandy. They are distinguished by a strong, pungent scent and flavour. Researchers have looked at why manufactured wine components often contain higher levels of alcohol and residual sugar: the amount of substitute nitrogen substance, Wine materials fermented by the natural microflora, strains of culture yeast Sacch, were utilised in the experiment along with temperature of alcoholic fermentation and titratable acidity. Vini-Kakhuri-42, Sacch Rkatsiteli 61 for wine and B 2000 for dry yeast. Alternative nitrogenous material has been found to have considerable positive effects, including much lower amounts of higher alcohols (fusel oils) generated during the fermentation of grape juice by natural microflora, pure yeast cultures, and dry yeast (ANS).

Author(s) Details:

Paata Vashakidze,
Institute of Viticulture and Oenology of Agriculural University of Georgia, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Marine Bezhuashvili,
Institute of Viticulture and Oenology of Agriculural University of Georgia, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTAS-V8/article/view/7255

Biological Profile and Therapeutic Potentials of Cardiospermum halicacabum (Sapindaceae) | Chapter 5 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 6

 The goal of this study was to find out more about Cardiospermum halicacabum's biological profile and therapeutic potential. The whole plant has been used to treat rheumatism, stiffness of limbs, and snakebites. Cardiospermum halicacabum is an annual or perennial herb that is often encountered in Sri Lanka. Gastrointestinal difficulties, respiratory disorders, and urinogenital infections have all been treated with Cardiospermum halicacabum. Beta-sitosterol, oxalic acid, and amino acids are all found in the leaves of Cardiospermum halicacabum. Saponin and quebrachitol have also been found in it. Erucic acid, oleic acid, eicosonic acid, octanoic acid, and n-hexadecanoic acid are all present in the plant's seed oil, as well as a high concentration of triterpenoids.

Author(S) Details

Renuka Saravanan
Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Srinivasa Ramanujan Centre, Kumbakonam 612 001, Tamil Nadu, India.

Sheik Abdulla Shahul Hameed
Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Srinivasa Ramanujan Centre, Kumbakonam 612 001, Tamil Nadu, India.

Sampath Kumar Palanisamy
Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Srinivasa Ramanujan Centre, Kumbakonam 612 001, Tamil Nadu, India.

Sivakumar Ramalingam
Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Srinivasa Ramanujan Centre, Kumbakonam 612 001, Tamil Nadu, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRD-V6/article/view/5157

Nutritional Content of Vietnamese Edible Bird’s Nest from Selected Regions: A Recent Study | Chapter 7 | Current Research in Agricultural and Food Science Vol. 5

 The edible bird's nest is well-known as a health food and a traditional Chinese remedy. The saliva secretions of the swiftlets, genus Aerodramus, whose habitats include Southeast Asian countries, are used to make edible bird's nest (EBN). The nutritional makeup of EBN is thought to vary depending on geographical origin, climatic conditions, climates, and dietary availability. The nutritional composition of edible bird's nest from two different sources in Vietnam is reported in this study: house-farmed bird's nest (Long An and Kien Giang Provinces) and cave bird's nest (Khanh Hoa Province).

Methodology: Samples were taken from three separate locations in Vietnam. AOAC Official Method 2001.12 (2005), AOAC Official Method 986.25 (2012), and FAO (1986) were used to determine protein, fat, and carbohydrate levels, respectively. Meanwhile, Shimadzu gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector (GC-FID 2010) was used to analyse amino acids (EZ: faastTM USER'S MANUAL).

Protein (49.43 - 51.17 percent) was discovered to be the most abundant component in these edible bird's nests, followed by carbohydrate (36.93 - 38.53 percent) and fat (36.93 - 38.53 percent) (0.01 - 0.04 percent ). The house-farmed bird's nest had fifteen amino acids, seven of which were essential, whereas the cave bird's nest had seventeen amino acids, eight of which were essential. The principal amino acids discovered in both house-farmed and cave bird's nests were proline (3.68 - 4.69 percent), aspartic acid (3.58 - 4.52 percent), and serine (3.74 - 4.09 percent), with lysine being the lowest concentration (0.74 - 0.87 percent ). Only the cave bird's nest contained methionine and 4-hydroxyproline.

Author(s) Details

Than Thi My Linh
Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Biotechnology, International University-Vietnam National University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Hoang Le Son
Department of Applied Biochemistry, School of Biotechnology, International University-Vietnam National University, Quarter 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Huynh Mai Minh Ai
School of Food technology, Industry University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao, Ward 4, Go Vap District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAFS-V5/article/view/1137

Descriptive Study: In silico and Physicochemical Assessment of the Effectiveness of Hydroxy / Amino Acids as Auxiliary Substances to Improve the Complexation Efficiency of β-cyclodextrin towards Bosentan | Chapter 1 | Current Perspectives on Chemical Sciences Vol. 5

 To improve its physicochemical performance, the effectiveness of certain hydroxy and amino acids as an auxiliary substance in improving the complexation efficiency (CE) of β -cyclodextrin ( β CD) against Bosentan (BOS), a poorly soluble endothelin receptor antagonist, has been evaluated. A better choice of L-Arginine (ARG) as an auxiliary substance to enhance CE and interaction constant (Ks) of β CD was demonstrated by phase solubility studies conducted in distilled water. As additional proof, the stability, potential interactions and geometry of BOS inside the CD cavity were predicted in silico calculations, optimising ARG as an auxiliary substance again. The solution state thermodynamic investigations subsequently revealed an entropy-driven mechanism of complexation. FTIR, DSC, XRPD and SEM were used to classify the lyophilized complexes. Thermodynamic research has shown that the process of inclusion is entropy-driven and random. Prepared lyophilized complexes provided a smooth, transparent water solution suggesting the complexes achieved by the inclusion phenomenon with lower sized particles of the drug. The inclusion phenomenon arising from the protein binding analysis was responsible for keeping the unbound drug in plasma, resulting in dose and dose frequency minimization. In the overall evaluation, the efficiency of the ternary complex was found to be appreciated, suggesting better efficacy of ARG as an auxiliary substance in improving the CE of CD towards BOS.

Author(s) Details

Yogesh V. Pore
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College of Pharmacy, Karad, Maharashtra, 415 124, India.

Priyanka H. Jadhav
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College of Pharmacy, Karad, Maharashtra, 415 124, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/354