Antagonistic Mechanisms of Bacillus methylotrophicus and Bacillus subtilis: Exploring Cell Wall-Degrading Enzymes and Siderophore Production for Foliar Blight Management in Wheat | Chapter 8 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 9

Bipolaris sorokiniana and Alternaria triticina are major cereal pathogens causing spot blotch and leaf blight disease in wheat, with yield losses of up to 85%. These play a central role in wheat foliar blight pathogens of wheat so effective management is essential for sustainable production. Bacillus methylotrophicus (P10) and Bacillus subtilis (UP11) are effective biocontrol agents against foliar blight pathogens Alternaria triticina and Bipolaris sorokiniana.  Dual culture assays showed significant growth inhibition, with P10 and UP11 reducing pathogen growth by 77.56% and 67.83% for A. triticina and 73.97% and 62.16% for B. sorokiniana. These strains produce cell wall-degrading enzymes (chitinase, protease, β-1,3-glucanase) and siderophores, peaking at 96 hours in co-cultures with pathogens. Antibiosis and direct inhibition are the primary mechanisms by which these strains suppress the mycelial growth of Bipolaris sorokiniana and Alternaria triticina, emphasizing their role as sustainable biocontrol agents in managing wheat diseases. Their potential as biological control agents underscores the need for further investigation as bioactive ingredients in biopesticide formulations.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Neha Saini
Department of Microbiology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India.

 

Vindhya Bundela
Department of Microbiology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India.

 

Ajay Veer Singh
Department of Microbiology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v9/4076

Optimization of Alkaline Protease Production by Streptomyces sp. Strain Isolated from Ezzemoul Saltpans, Algeria | Chapter 2 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 7

The main objective of this work was to formulate a suitable medium for protease production by Streptomyces sp. which was isolated from Ezzemoul saltpans (Algeria). The phenotypic and phylogenetic studies of this strain showed that it represents probably a new species. The fermentation was carried out on two different media, prepared at three pH values. The results showed the presence of an alkaline protease with optimal pH and temperature of 8 and 40°C, respectively. The enzyme was stable up to 90°C, having a residual activity of 79% after 90 min. The enzyme production media were optimized according to statistical methods while using two plans of experience. The first corresponded to the matrices of Plackett and Burman in N=16 experiences and N-1 factors, twelve were real and three errors. The second was the central composite design of Box and Wilson. The analysis of the results allowed the selection of two factors having a significant effect on the production of the enzyme (fructose and malt extract), then defining their optima (7 g/l of fructose and 12 g/l of malt extract). This Study show the high biotechnological potential of this Streptomyces strain for the production of the thermostable alkaline protease.

Author(s) Details:

Boughachiche Faiza,
Institute of Nutrition and Food Processing Technologies, Mentouri Brother University Constantine, Algeria and Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering and Applications, Mentouri Brother University Constantine, Algeria.

Rachedi Kounouz,
Institute of Nutrition and Food Processing Technologies, Mentouri Brother University Constantine, Algeria and Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering and Applications, Mentouri Brother University Constantine, Algeria.

Duran Robert,
Team Environment and Microbiology (EEM), UMR 5254, IPREM, University of Pau and Pays de l'Adour, France.

Lauga Béatrice,
Team Environment and Microbiology (EEM), UMR 5254, IPREM, University of Pau and Pays de l'Adour, France.

Karama Solange,
Team Environment and Microbiology (EEM), UMR 5254, IPREM, University of Pau and Pays de l'Adour, France.

Bouyoucef Lynda,
Institute of Nutrition and Food Processing Technologies, Mentouri Brother University Constantine, Algeria.

Boulezaz Sarra,
Institute of Nutrition and Food Processing Technologies, Mentouri Brother University Constantine, Algeria.

Boukrouma Meriem,
Institute of Nutrition and Food Processing Technologies, Mentouri Brother University Constantine, Algeria.

Boutaleb Houria,
Institute of Nutrition and Food Processing Technologies, Mentouri Brother University Constantine, Algeria.

Boulahrouf Abderrahmane,
Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering and Applications, Mentouri Brother University Constantine, Algeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPAFS-V7/article/view/13401

Growth Inhibition of Cancer Cell Line Using Fungal Secondary Metabolite | Chapter 15 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 3

The purpose concerning this study was to equate the cytotoxic activity of the A. fumigaus resentment factors. Particularly in dispassionate isolates, Aspergillus fumigatus generates any of poisonous compounds, proteinaceous hemolysin, protease, and pigments like melanin that seem to act synergistically and additively on containers. In this work, gliotoxin, hemolysin, protease, and melanin were utilized in an exploratory model to evaluate their cytotoxic endeavor by analyzing their effect on the Hep G2 container line. Exposure times of 24 hours at three various doses of each component were employed, accompanying triplicates of each concentration. A poisonous effect was evident accompanying a significant dissimilarity at the level of feasibility (p 0.05) for each freed compound, and this effect was contrasted across various concentrations for each freed compound. Growth inhibition of the Hep G2 container line was gradually raised with the increase of compound aggregation.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V3/article/view/11753

Effect of Ultrasound in the enhancement of Protein Metabolism and Enzyme Activities in the Fat body of Fifth Instar Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.| Chapter 3 | Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 7

 Under the influence of ultrasound, protein metabolism parameters such as total, soluble proteins, free amino acids, and activity levels of protease, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate amino transferase, and alanine aminotransferase were measured in the fat body of the fifth instar larva of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. On these parameters, ultrasonography generally has an elevating effect. The events of histogenesis and histolysis connected to the metamorphosis of the silkworm are correlated with changes in the levels of certain biochemical components. Under the impact of ultrasound, the metabolism of proteins is accelerated, resulting in increased spinning activity, increased protein turnover in silk, and increased sericultural production. Enhancement of proteins by ultrasound clearly documented the induction of severe proteolysis and transamination of amino acids.

Author(s) Details:

P. Naga Jyothi,
Department of Fishery Science and Aquaculture, Sri Venkateswara University , Tirupati, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RABS-V7/article/view/8042

Investigation of Enzyme Activities during Composting of Soiled Cotton Waste: Recent Developments | Chapter 1 | Current Strategies in Biotechnology and Bioresource Technology Vol. 2

Huge amount of soiled cotton waste is being produced by utilization of sanitary napkins by the women who have attained puberty. An attempt has been made to manage these wastes through composting and vermicomposting. Enzyme activities were studied during the composting and vermicomposting of soiled sanitary napkins. The highest protease (354.356 µg/g/hr), urease (0.104 µg/g/hr), amylase (119.08 µg/g/hr) and cellulase (170.13 µg/g/hr) activity was observed in vermicomposting sets. There was significant increase (p<0.001) in the enzyme activity in the vermicomposting and composting sets as compared to control.

 Author (s)  Details

 Dr. (Mrs.) A. Patnaik 
School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Odisha, India.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/206