Optimization of Antimicrobial Metabolite Production by Streptomyces cinnamonensis VLCH-1 from Mangrove Sediments | Chapter 7 | Microbiology and Biotechnology Research: An Overview Vol. 5

 

Microbial secondary metabolites are one of the immense reservoirs of natural chemical diversity with potent biological activity. Actinomycetes, specifically members of the genus Streptomyces, have the ability to produce potential secondary metabolites possessing antimicrobial properties, including beta-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, etc. The production of secondary metabolites by Streptomyces can be enhanced by altering nutritional and culture parameters. The aim of the present work is to evaluate cultural parameters influencing the production of bioactive secondary metabolites by Streptomyces cinnamonensis VLCH-1 isolated from mangroves located at Machilipatnam of Andhra Pradesh, India. Employing different pretreatment techniques as well as culture media, 50 actinobacterial strains were isolated from mangrove sediments. All the strains were screened for their ability to produce bioactive metabolites. Among them, one strain exhibited broad-spectrum antagonistic activity. It was identified as Streptomyces cinnamonensis VLCH-1 based on cultural, morphological, physiological and molecular approaches. To enhance the production of bioactive metabolites by this strain, attempts are made to optimise culture conditions. High antimicrobial metabolite production was obtained from six-day-old culture grown in ISP-2 (yeast extract, malt extract, dextrose) broth. The strain productivity was improved by amending the culture medium with dextrose (1%), tryptone (1%) and K2HPO4 (0.50%) as carbon, nitrogen and mineral sources. NaCl @3% supported good growth as well as enhanced the production of bioactive metabolites. The secondary metabolites produced by the strain under optimal conditions showed strong antagonistic activity against pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus megaterium), Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and Candida albicans. The study suggested that actinobacteria from unexplored mangrove habitats of the south coast of Andhra Pradesh serve as a source for antimicrobial compounds.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Ch. Chiranjeevi
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur-522510, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

K. Nagaraju
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur-522510, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

M. Vijayalakshmi
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur-522510, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mbrao/v5/6571

Optimizing Food Container Design: Taguchi Method and S-N Ratio Analysis for Reduced Shrinkage and Warpage | Chapter 8 | Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 5

 

Plastic materials are commonly used in various industries due to their special properties including corrosion resistance, lightness, and ease of giving shape. In this study, a food container design was analyzed numerically using a combination of various advanced optimization techniques including the Taguchi Method and S-N Ratio Analysis. The main goal is to maximize product efficiency and quality to improve the strength of product outcomes by identifying and minimizing the impact of various sources of variability. The results showed that to reach the optimum performance, the parameters for melt temperature at 200°C, mold temperature at 30°C, filling time at 1.5 s, pressure holding time 5 s, and pure cooling time at 20 s. The optimum result achieved 0.34 mm and 15.95%, for warpage and shrinkage, respectively. The warpage and shrinkage reduction reached 34.6% and 12.1%, respectively, in comparison with the initial design.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Mehdi Moayyedian

College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait.

Areej Alhuwais

College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait.

Altaf Almutairi

College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait.

Dalal Alkandari

College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait.

Fatma Ali

College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait.

Fatma Alwazzan

College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/caert/v5/958

Lean Manufacturing Plant Layout Design Optimization: Results and Better Material Handling Techniques |Chapter 8 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 8

This study investigates the process of creating better plant layouts through lean manufacturing concepts, which lead to improved material handling processes and operational results. An analytical evaluation through a scoring system determined how existing layouts compared to the proposed layouts by assessing safety standards, along with space efficiency and process flow quality. Through the suggested layout improvements, material movement efficiency increased by 25% while the potential safety hazards rate decreased from 12% to 2-3%. The combination of systematic layout planning with lean tools in the new design leads to a cost-efficient and safer work environment, which demonstrates better performance than the current setup.

 

Author(s) Details

A.S. Bindhu
Department of Mechanical Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru-570006, India.

 

Manjunatha. B
Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru-570006, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v8/5373

Design and Performance Optimization of Premium Induction Motors |Book Publisher International

International Efficiency (IE) is an up-and-coming phenomenon that refers to how energy-efficient motors are. The International Efficiency 1 and 2 classes are very well developed, while IE4 has been in the pipeline. The classification technique can improve the energy efficiency of the motor even more. The motor's baseline energy performance is determined using these specs.

 

The goal of this project is to conduct a conversion study of an induction motor of efficiency class IE2 to class IE3/IE4. The induction motor following International Efficiency 60034- 30-1 standard's efficiency ratings is considered.  The research will be carried out using dedicated computation programs, with experimental validation utilizing Altair's Fluxmotor software.

 

First, motor efficiency, rating, and application of the motor are established and necessary calculations are performed. Then, a motor reference torque-speed map is constructed based on the planned motor performance, along with the division of power losses and the application's power rating, once the efficiency has been determined. The calculated values are then fed into the Altair Flux motor software and a motor of IE2 efficiency class is obtained. This IE2-rated motor is then optimized to reach IE3 and IE4 standards. The performance parameters such as efficiency, speed, torque, temperature and flux distribution, etc. are obtained for various dimensions and structures of the motor. The design optimization technique achieves motor characteristics that adjust as much as feasible to the defined performance, and later adjust it to the characteristics of a water pump or an electric car. The results provide the IE2, IE3 and IE4 standard Induction motor design.

 

Author (s) Details

Dr. Femi R
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Campus, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu - 603 203, India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48119-90-2

Novel Optimized Functional Yoghurt Made from Soya Bean and Cinnamon | Chapter 10 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 8

This study aimed at producing a novel functional soya bean yoghurt by optimizing the production conditions using response surface methodology. The quantity of ferment (LYOFAST Y439A) (50–100 g) and cinnamon (10-40 g) were optimized using a central composite design. This kind of optimization model’s greatest benefit is that it is more specific and eliminates the necessity for a three-level factorial experiment when developing a second-order quadratic model. Responses (global acceptability and scavenging activity) obtained from experimental runs were fitted into second order polynomial regression model. Also, the multiple optimization technic was used to obtain the compromised optimum condition. The optimized yoghurt was evaluated for its pH and proximate composition using standard methods. The optimum conditions for the production of this yoghurt were as thus: 69.64 g for the quantity of ferment and 10 g for the quantity of cinnamon, 100 g soya beans, 100 g of sugar and 1 L of water soybeans. Soy bean yoghurt made from optimized conditions had a global acceptability of 6.8, scavenging activity of 34%. Also, protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, sodium, magnesium, and energy value were respectively 17.1%, 2.91%, 17.93%, 144 mg/100 g, 159.91 mg/100g, 63.18 mg/100g and 166.31 kcal/100g. Acceptable yoghurt with functional properties was obtained from soya beans and cinnamon at the end of this study. With its nutrient, antioxidant, and sensory qualities, the newly made soya bean yoghurt offers the consumers possibility to resume eating a healthful diet. The experimental design that was used to get the results can serve as a basis and a guide for setting parameters for the industrial manufacturing scale of more novel functional and healthy yoghurts.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Chancel Hector KENFACK MOMO
Department of Nutrition, Food and Bioresource Technology, College of Technology, University of Bamenda, P.O Box 39, Bambili, Bamenda, Cameroon.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v8/3420 

Elucidation of Visual Motor Imagery EEG Data Using Feature Streamlining with Machine Learning | Chapter 8 | Mathematics and Computer Science: Contemporary Developments Vol. 9

Visual motor imagery (VMI) is a cognitive process where individuals visualize performing a motor task without actual movement. Electroencephalography (EEG) data is often used to analyze brain activity associated with VMI. However, the high dimensionality and complexity of EEG data pose challenges for effective analysis. This study focuses on streamlining EEG features using advanced machine-learning techniques to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of VMI classification. We applied feature selection and extraction methods to identify the most relevant features from EEG signals, followed by the implementation of various machine learning algorithms to classify VMI tasks. Our results demonstrate that feature streamlining significantly reduces computational load while maintaining high classification accuracy. The streamlined features, combined with optimized machine learning models, provide a robust framework for interpreting VMI-related EEG data, paving the way for improved brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. This approach has potential applications in neurorehabilitation, cognitive training, and enhancing user interaction in BCI technologies. Classifying motor imagery in the EEG is crucial for identifying serious illnesses. The diversity of the motor imagery EEG data hampered the rate of categorization. The motor imagery EEG classification rate is increased using the feature optimization procedure. A deep neural network-based classifier for motor imagery EEG categorization was suggested in this article. The design deep neural network is a three-layer neural network model that incorporates the teacher learning-based optimization and feature optimization technique. The EEG data's noise and artefacts are reduced using a teacher learning-based optimization technique, which also enhances the input vectors for DNN. The suggested approach has been tested on datasets from the third and fourth BCI competitions and has been simulated in MATLAB settings. The evaluation's findings indicate that the suggested technique is quite effective at compressing the current motor.

 

Author (s) Details

Virendra Kumar Tiwari
Lakshmi Narain College of Technology (MCA), Bhopal, India.

 

Priyanka Singh
Lakshmi Narain College of Technology Excellence, Bhopal, India.

 

Vinita Keer
Lakshmi Narain College of Technology Excellence, Bhopal, India.

 

Gaurav Kishor Saxena
Lakshmi Narain College of Technology (MCA), Bhopal, India.

 

Sandeep Dubey
Lakshmi Narain College of Technology Excellence, Bhopal, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mcscd/v9/3416

Testing Method and Data Treatment for Thermobaric Adsorption Model Case Study: Adsorption of Methane onto Long Flame Coal | Chapter 1 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 8

To study the adsorption of coal under the comprehensive influence of temperature and pressure, a thermobaric adsorption experiment has been conducted. The unique characteristic of thermobaric is one adsorption at one temperature and pressure (a pair). The main advantage of thermobaric adsorption is to simulate temperatures and pressures corresponding to coal reservoirs at different depths. The measured thermobaric adsorption of long flame coal “V_meas” contains 12 points of different temperatures (18~72 °C) and corresponding pressures (1~19 MPa) test conditions, simulating the buried depth of 100~1900 meters. A temperature-pressure-adsorption equation has been used to calculate the same 12 points of thermobaric adsorption data “V_cal”. The relative error and the standard deviation between the V_meas and the V_cal of all 12 points of thermobaric adsorption are calculated and used to verify TPAE’s applicability. The 3-dimensional temperature-pressure-adsorption surface and a series of measured dots of thermobaric adsorptions can also be used for verification. The other 3 sets of thermobaric adsorptions (10 points, 8 points, and 6 points) have been optimized. To cover the range of temperature from 18 °C to 72 °C and a range of pressure from 1 MPa to 19 MPa, there must be mathematically at least the minimum 6 points of thermobaric adsorption. For long flame coal, both temperature and pressure have positive effects on the amount of adsorption.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Li Dong
Xian Siyuan University, Xian, China.

 

Zhang Xuemei
Xian Siyuan University, Xian, China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v8/3028

Energy Aware Intelligent Task Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing Using Hyper Heuristics | Chapter 5 | Engineering Research: Perspectives on Recent Advances Vol. 4

To overcome the computation limitation of resource constrained wireless IoT edge devices, providing an efficient task computation offloading and resource allocation in a distributed mobile edge computing environment is considered a challenging and promising solution. The term Hyper-heuristic was mentioned in late 1960s studies. Hyper-heuristic in recent times is gaining popularity due to its general applicability of the same solution to solve different types of problems. To use a Meta-heuristic to solve a particular problem, problem-specific domain knowledge is required. However, Hyper-heuristic is rather intelligent and generic to choose appropriate heuristics with the proper sequence of execution to address a specific issue of optimization problem. Hyper-heuristic is generally a heuristic method or framework which iteratively evaluates and chooses the best low-level heuristic, to solve different types of problems. In this paper we try to optimize energy aware wireless device task offloading decisions in a mobile edge computing environment with two key criteria low energy utilization and low latency, which is a non-convex and NP-Hard problem by using a proposed novel Hyper Heuristic Framework using Stochastic Heuristic Selection (HHFSHS) using Contextual Multi-Armed Bandit (CMAB) with Epsilon-Decreasing strategy, considering two key Quality of Service (QoS) objectives computation time and energy consumption. Energy and Computation time contradict optimization parameters, where reducing computation time and latency by doing local computation at the edge device will increase the energy utilization, whereas offloading edge device task to the mobile edge server will reduce the energy utilization at the cost of increased computation time and latency incurred due to network data transfer. These multi-objective criteria are modeled as a single-objective optimization problem to minimize the latency and energy consumption of wireless devices by employing the Pareto Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) strategy. Finally, evaluate its performance by comparing it with other individual meta-heuristic algorithms.

 

Author (s) Details

 

B. Vijayaram
Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Kalasalingam University, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

V. Vasudevan
Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Kalasalingam University, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erpra/v4/4176

Optimal Preparation Conditions for Mendim me zon, a Traditional Fruit-based Tea of Solanum aethiopicum Shum | Chapter 4 | Solanum aethiopicum Shum, an Example of the Richness of the Food and Therapeutic Heritage of a Continent in a Country, Cameroon, Africa in Miniature, Edition 1

The fruits of Solanum aethiopicum Shum are widely eaten raw or cooked under decoction in most parts of central Africa, particularly in Cameroon by the Bulu, for their medicinal value. Previous studies on these fruits have focused on physicochemical characterization, toxicology, and pharmacology. However, there is no data on the preparation of tea using the berries of this plant. To promote the consumption of these fruits, this study was carried out to optimize the preparation of traditional fruit-based tea from Solanum aethiopicum Shum. The fruit powder of Solanum aethiopicum Shum was obtained by electric grinding of the dried fruit at a particle size of 1 mm. A two-factor central composite design (time and ratio) was used for the extraction by infusion and decoction. The obtained extracts served as samples for the determination of the bioactive compounds mentioned. The results of these assays showed an influence of the parameters on the saponins content of the infused and decocted samples of 2.57 mg and 3.28 mg respectively, a significant variation (p ˂ 0.01) of the total polyphenols content of the infused and decocted samples 0.33 mg EAG/100g and 0.11 mg EAG/100g respectively, a significant variation (p ˂ 0.01) in the vitamin C content of infused and decocted samples 0.53 mg and 0.25 mg respectively, and a significant (p˂0.01) difference in the total antioxidant capacity of infused and decocted samples 0.34 mg EAA / 100g and 0.33 mg EAEA/100g. The drink obtained by infusing the fruit powder of Solanum aethiopicum Shum had a pleasant bitter taste, scent, aroma, and green colour. It is accepted globally by consumers.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Valentin Desire Guiama
Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Technology, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon and Laboratory of Motricity and Health, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon.

 

Juliette Koube
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Douala, Cameroon.

 

Rolande Mbainaissem
Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Technology, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon.

 

Esther Ngah
Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Technology, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon and Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, National Advanced School of Agro-Industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48859-15-0/CH4

Using Grey Relational Analysis for Optimization of Dry Sliding Wear Parameters of Aluminium Matrix Composites (AA7068/TiC) | Chapter 4 | Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 1

The present study highlights about multi-Objective Optimization of Dry sliding wear parameters of Aluminium Matrix Composites (AA7068/TiC) using Grey Relational Analysis. Metal matrix composites are supplanting conventional materials due to their prevalent properties like high strength of weight ratio, high specific stiffness, high fracture toughness, high thermal stability and wear resistance etc. AA7068 is one of the industrially accessible strongest aluminium alloys that was taken as a matrix material and the reinforcement is titanium carbide (TiC) particles of 4 µm size. In this investigation, Al-TiC composites consist of TiC particles of an average size 4µm whose wt% of reinforcement varied from 2 to 10 wt% in steps of 2 wt%, composites have been prepared using the stir casting technique. Dry-sliding wear experiments have been performed on pin-on-disc apparatus according to Taguchi’s L25 in the design of experiments. The parameters considered are wt% of TiC, rotational speed (Nr), load (P) and sliding velocity (Vs). The motivation behind the Analysis of Variance is to figure out the process parameter that strongly influences the wear characteristics of AA7068/TiC MMCs. This can be accomplished by estimating the amount of the sum of squared deviations from the total mean of the grey relational grade for each process parameter and their error variance. Optimum combinations of parameters have been identified based on grey relational grade (GRG) to solve the wear response of AA7068/TiC MMCs. Also, analysis of variance (ANOVA) is applied to recognize the main factors affecting the wear response. Confirmation experiments with optimum conditions show that the results were nearer to the anticipated outcomes. The confirmation experiments confirm that the proposed GRA can track down the optimal combination of process parameters with multiple quality characteristics.

Author(s) Details:

Syed Altaf Hussain,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajeev Gandhi Memorial College of Engineering & Technology, Nandyal-51850, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAERT-V1/article/view/14159

Beyond Basics: Advanced Insights into Reinsurance Theory and Practice | Book Publisher International

 Reinsurance and its design provide a competitive advantage to the primary insurer to increase its profit. The effectiveness, capacity and efficiency of the local and international reinsurance market directly and indirectly control that of the local and international insurance markets respectively.

 

The primary insurers’ risks are not optimally diversified. The primary insurance companies do specialize technically and geographically in order to adventure their underwriting expertise and increase profits. Proportional reinsurance provides capital to the insurers to underwrite more risks and hence increase their underwriting capacity. On the other hand, non-proportional reinsurance stabilizes the ups and downs of losses over time and provides protection against the catastrophic events. The mobilization of underwriting capacity on local and international scale is essential to offer the amount of insurance cover essential for many of developing and developed world’ risks, including catastrophe losses resulting natural disasters, contributes to local and international economic development and stability.

 

The purpose of this book is to provide advanced insights into the reinsurance theory and practice. Chapter one examines the nature, uses and importance of reinsurance. It traces the development of reinsurance globally and regionally specifically Africa and Tanzania. The chapter examines the types, methods and forms of reinsurance and their uses. Chapter two analyses the Tanzania reinsurance market, its capacity, reinsurance cycle and its trend. It examines the participants of the reinsurance market, the accreditation procedures for non-resident reinsurance companies and brokers. The chapter describes the mandatory cession share to local and regional reinsurers.

 

Chapter three examines the nature, features and uses of facultative reinsurance. It presents the types of facultative reinsurance, the advantages and disadvantages to the reinsured. Chapter four analyzes the concept and features of treaty reinsurance, the advantages and disadvantages of it, methods and forms of arranging treaty reinsurance. Chapter five examines the nature, features, uses and types of proportional reinsurance. It features the factors affecting the cession, retention rates and commission rates. Chapter six analyses the non-proportional reinsurance. It examines the features, uses and types of non-proportional reinsurance. Chapter seven examines pricing non-proportional reinsurance contracts. Optimization problems in reinsurance are increasingly using modern techniques of neural networks, telematics and other machine learning models rather than the exposure rating, experience rating, frequency and severity probability models. This chapter presents the machine learning programming methods and provides their difference from the traditional pricing methods. Lastly, chapter eight analyses a reinsurance programme design. It describes the factors which affect the design of the reinsurance programme and the reinsurance optimization. In each of the chapters, there are worked examples and practical exercises which enhance the understanding of the reader.

 

This book is written targeting the bachelor degree and master’s degree candidates in insurance programmes. Insurance professionals and practitioners working in the field of reinsurance programme design and pricing will also find this book valuable to them if they wish to revive their reinsurance knowledge.

Author(s) Details:

Mussa Charles Juma,
Faculty of Insurance and Banking, The Institute of Finance Management, P.O. Box 3918, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, City University London, UK and Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia.

Salum Ismail Mlaponi,
Faculty of Insurance and Banking, The Institute of Finance Management, P.O. Box 3918, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Strategis Insurance Tanzania Limited, P.O. Box 7893, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, The Institute of Finance Management, Tanzania and Chartered Insurance Institute, UK.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/BBAIRTP/article/view/13978

Optimization of Alkaline Protease Production by Streptomyces sp. Strain Isolated from Ezzemoul Saltpans, Algeria | Chapter 2 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 7

The main objective of this work was to formulate a suitable medium for protease production by Streptomyces sp. which was isolated from Ezzemoul saltpans (Algeria). The phenotypic and phylogenetic studies of this strain showed that it represents probably a new species. The fermentation was carried out on two different media, prepared at three pH values. The results showed the presence of an alkaline protease with optimal pH and temperature of 8 and 40°C, respectively. The enzyme was stable up to 90°C, having a residual activity of 79% after 90 min. The enzyme production media were optimized according to statistical methods while using two plans of experience. The first corresponded to the matrices of Plackett and Burman in N=16 experiences and N-1 factors, twelve were real and three errors. The second was the central composite design of Box and Wilson. The analysis of the results allowed the selection of two factors having a significant effect on the production of the enzyme (fructose and malt extract), then defining their optima (7 g/l of fructose and 12 g/l of malt extract). This Study show the high biotechnological potential of this Streptomyces strain for the production of the thermostable alkaline protease.

Author(s) Details:

Boughachiche Faiza,
Institute of Nutrition and Food Processing Technologies, Mentouri Brother University Constantine, Algeria and Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering and Applications, Mentouri Brother University Constantine, Algeria.

Rachedi Kounouz,
Institute of Nutrition and Food Processing Technologies, Mentouri Brother University Constantine, Algeria and Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering and Applications, Mentouri Brother University Constantine, Algeria.

Duran Robert,
Team Environment and Microbiology (EEM), UMR 5254, IPREM, University of Pau and Pays de l'Adour, France.

Lauga Béatrice,
Team Environment and Microbiology (EEM), UMR 5254, IPREM, University of Pau and Pays de l'Adour, France.

Karama Solange,
Team Environment and Microbiology (EEM), UMR 5254, IPREM, University of Pau and Pays de l'Adour, France.

Bouyoucef Lynda,
Institute of Nutrition and Food Processing Technologies, Mentouri Brother University Constantine, Algeria.

Boulezaz Sarra,
Institute of Nutrition and Food Processing Technologies, Mentouri Brother University Constantine, Algeria.

Boukrouma Meriem,
Institute of Nutrition and Food Processing Technologies, Mentouri Brother University Constantine, Algeria.

Boutaleb Houria,
Institute of Nutrition and Food Processing Technologies, Mentouri Brother University Constantine, Algeria.

Boulahrouf Abderrahmane,
Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering and Applications, Mentouri Brother University Constantine, Algeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPAFS-V7/article/view/13401

An Overview of Nature Inspired Metaheuristics | Chapter 1 | Recent Developments in Science and Technology for Sustainable Future

Metaheuristics play a crucial role in optimization problem-solving by providing flexible and efficient approaches that can adapt to various complex scenarios. These algorithms, which are general problem-solving strategies, have become increasingly essential in tackling real-world problems where finding an exact solution is often impractical or computationally infeasible. Nature-inspired metaheuristics, in particular, derive inspiration from natural phenomena and the collective behaviors of living organisms, offering innovative solutions that mimic the adaptability and robustness found in nature. Their potential to knock an evenness between exploration and exploitation makes them particularly effective in addressing optimization challenges across diverse realms, including finance, engineering, logistics, and artificial intelligence. Nature-inspired metaheuristics thus stand out as invaluable tools in addressing complex problems where traditional algorithms may fall short, providing a versatile and powerful toolkit for researchers and practitioners alike. Within this chapter, we have presented a succinct overview delving into the realm of nature-inspired metaheuristics. These computational paradigms draw inspiration from the intricate and adaptive systems observed in the natural world. By encapsulating the essence of biological, ecological, and behavioral phenomena, these metaheuristics offer innovative problem-solving approaches that showcase the versatility and efficiency inherent in nature.

Author(s) Details:

Sumita Gulati,
Department of Mathematics, S. A. Jain College, Ambala City, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDSTSF/article/view/13381

Application of Power Diode Laser on Leather Cutting and its Optimization to Reduce Carbonization Effect | Chapter 2 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 5

A diverse selection of animal leathers, including cow, sheep, and buffalo, are utilized for the production of leather garments and commodities such as purses, wallets, and other personalized leather items. Traditionally, laser beams are generated using CO2 and Nd-YAG lasers. The high-power diode laser offers benefits such as its compact size, energy efficiency, long lifespan, and low operating expenses. Nevertheless, the elevated heat impact during laser leather machining leads to the unwanted occurrence of carbonization. Furthermore, the energy crisis is a significant issue that should be minimized as much as possible to promote energy conservation. This study aims to design and create a laser beam machining system that is energy efficient, utilizing the principles of Mechatronics Engineering. The objective of this study is the efficient utilization of power diode-based laser beam machining to reduce the carbonization effect and to enable better levels of energy-efficient machining. In this study, a diode-based laser beam machining system was developed and constructed using diode lasers to cut vegetable chrome tanned leather with power outputs of 2.5W, 5.5W, and 20W. The enhanced performance was attributed to the customizable characteristics of the diode laser actuation, which took the form of a circular shape with a variable diameter. Higher power density may be achieved by using a high power source with a smaller spot size in pulsed mode. Higher power density results in less contact time, leading to decreased carbonization.

Author(s) Details:

Tamer Mohamed Ahmed Khalaf,
Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.

Khaja Moiduddin,
Advanced Manufacturing Institute, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.

Muthuramalingam Thangaraj,
Department of Mechatronics Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603203, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPSTR-V5/article/view/13273

Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction of Bioactive Chlorogenic Acid from Heilong48 Soybean Variety: Parametric Optimization and Evaluation of Physicochemical and Bioactive Properties | Chapter 3 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 6

 This study aims to determine the physicochemical and bioactive features of the heilong48 soybean (HS) sort and improve fast-assisted origin parameters for chlorogenic acid extraction. Soybean is a big source of plant protein and lubricate. Soybean breeding has enhanced from advances in functional genomics. In particular, the release of soybean citation genomes has advanced our understanding of soybean agreement to soil nutrient inadequacies, the molecular means of symbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation, natural and abiotic stress tolerance, and the duties of flowering be present at regional acclimatization, plant architecture, and source yield and quality. Despite being a well bioactive chemical, chlorogenic acid (CA), specifically that found in soybeans, has accumulate very little attention in research settings all along the past few decades. An persuasive way to boost the release of chlorogenic acid from soybeans is utilizing ultrasonic-helped extraction (UAE). Optimization of ultrasound limits with Box-Behnken design (BBD) raise a frequency of 20.0 kHz, a capacity density of 30.0 W/L, a temperature of 37.9 oC, and a opportunity of 28.0 min expected the best environments, which present a chlorogenic acid yield of 5.007 ± 0.033 mg/g and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of 93.197 ± 0.213 μmol AA eq/g dry sample; these were above those of a non-ultrasound-treated (inexperienced) heilong48 soybean sample (chlorogenic acid yield of 1.627 ± 0.528 mg/g, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of 10.760 ± 0.207 μmol AA eq/g dry sample). A acceptable model was obtained. Scanning electron microscopy results habitual the structural alterations of the heilong48 soybean assortment caused apiece optimized quick-assisted origin parameters. High total polyphenol essences (TPCs; 4.726 ± 0.002 mg GAE/g), total phenolic acids (1.883 ± 0.005 mg GAE/g), and low total flavonoid elements of larger object (0.040 ± 0.008 mg RE/g) were obtained. A helpful linear correlation betwixt antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content was settled. A protein–phenolic interaction in the heilong48 soybean difference was observed. The results settled that polyphenols should be deliberate a significant component of the heilong48 soybean type. Likewise, the heilong48 soybean variety maybe used for chlorogenic acid extraction.

Author(s) Details:

Nelson Dzidzorgbe Kwaku Akpabli-Tsigbe,
School of Food and Biological Engineering, Oversea College of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China and Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.

Juliet Osabutey,
Department of Early Childhood Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana and Virtuous Experimental School, Achimota, Accra, Ghana.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPAFS-V6/article/view/12341

Explosive Charge Distribution: A Parameter for evaluating the Blasting Results in Rosia Poieni Open Pit Mining | Chapter 1 | Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 2

 One of the plainest and most popular open pit excavating procedures is training-blasting technology. This authorizes the extraction of a meaningful amount of rock and valuable mineral material. Open pit excavating relies heavily on the operation of blasting engaging explosive energy, that is also the essential step in the exploding process that yields a matching granulometry. In the sense that each movement determines the outcome bound for a crucial component for the after operation that takes place in the occupied face, this operation is a part of a succession of interdependent movements. As a result, the explosive blasting movement shouldn't be viewed as additional act. The entire production technology process, containing blasting, needs to be regarded from a global view. The basic approach naive this optimization study requires analyzing the exploding operations completed activity at drilling diameters of 250 mm (the blasting science used in Rosia Poieni open pit excavating), as well as simulating the digging of the same rock capacity while optimizing the explosive charge distribution at disciplining diameters of 200 mm and 150 mm. Based on observations made in the goal, it was discovered that the time of the tamping in the mineralized rock, which results in the characteristic of blocks with ranges that are greater than those granted in the crusher container (1.2-1.3 m), is what causes the majority of problems in the case of dents with a width of 250 mm. That is why the method that successfully reduces their number-intermittent loads with in-between tamping-is adopted. It is necessary to employ smaller training diameters, but with output levels high enough to guarantee the decent development of the distillation process, in order to get a granulometry corresponding the main crushing movement, which will enable to decrease crushing costs. According to the results of the study, it is considered to apply a broken load in order to maintain the whole time of the explosive charge. It is advised to use an appropriate disciplining diameter (150-200 mm) and intermediate tamping at 2-3 m distance to limit the upper preventing area to a maximum of 7 m (to humiliate or completely remove the occurrence of bulky blocks) in areas place the rocks have a Protodiakonov coefficient f > 6.5. The research findings will help the operation's arithmetic and safety facets, limiting the explosive effect on the mountain system and the environment and threatening the overall cutting operation expenses. By employing less explosive gels (12-18 kg/dent) in a dry environment and determining the difference in explosive charge time with AM-1, the cost of booby traps and starting fabrics can be decreased.

Author(s) Details:

Mihaela Toderas,
University of Petrosani, Petrosani, 332006, Romania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACST-V2/article/view/11924

Study about Optimization in Helical Grooved Tubes for Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Interdisciplinary Techniques | Chapter 7 | Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 6

 In this branch, the thermal augmentation factor is examined numerically established D-optimal design and therefore the entropy study is done on the optimized arithmetic. Optimization is now a repeatedly used tool in manufacturing design. Under a certain set of variables and restraints, optimization is normally done by defining a function of an profit variable and with determining allure maximum or minimum or say, the optimized point. Efforts are in preparation to enhance the central tube, covering, or plate design in heat exchangers as well, where much study is being accomplished to maximise efficiency. The surface bettering has been energetically investigated in this regard in current decades. This sort of improving is usually dominant on television set side. In this paper, with the growth in view, the design is established interdisciplinary fields. That is, first a numerical study is acted on the helically grooved tubes to analyze the thermal augmentation factor. By comparing the deterioration-generation rates of the smooth and cut tubes, this analysis was transported. The optimum Reynolds number for that tube is the individual at which hostile entropy-production-rate is reached. Numerical results are initially legitimized with written experimental results. The chosen optimised hose is next subjected to an deterioration minimization study including the Reynolds number based on the D-optimum design for the thermal augmentation factor. The tube that has ultimate grooves, the most depth, and the minimal pitch exhibits the best depiction.  However, the optimum Reynolds number is at the point place the tube has the least deterioration generated as distinguished to the smooth tube.

Author(s) Details:

Shamoon Jamshed,
Pakistan Navy Engineering College, Karachi, Pakistan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RADER-V6/article/view/11555

In-Patient Bed Allocation by Using Markov Chain Model | Chapter 11 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 6

 The use of Markov Chain for in-patient bed distribution has the potential to provide abundant benefits to hospitals, containing improved patient outcomes, shortened costs, and enhanced functional efficiency. Bed volume management is the distribution and provision of beds in hospitals, place beds in specialty wholes are considered as a limited resource.  The key determinants affecting bed allocation in clinics are related to the patient's healing condition, treatment necessities, and available resources in the way that beds, staff, and hospital ability.Hospital administrators, nurses, and doctors often manage the bed allocation process to make sure that subjects receive the proper level of consideration and assistance while they are sick. As it helps to maximize the use of possessions, reduce patient wait occasions, and guarantee that patients receive up-to-date and appropriate care, bed allocation is a critical component of hospital administration. The study found that an reformed bed allocation system take care of improve patient flow and defeat wait times, superior to better patient outcomes. Incorporating more exhaustive data, creating active and adaptable models, combining optimization algorithms, handling predictive science of logical analysis, integrating with decision support structures, and validating their productiveness in actual healthcare scenes are the key components of Markov chain models for in-patient bed distribution. The field may make excellent progress in these areas by maximizing system use, streamlining the process of allocating beds, and lifting the standard of patient care.

Author(s) Details:

Balagopal Ramdurai,
IEEE, Researcher & Product Innovator, Chennai, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V6/article/view/11346    

Study about CIGS-based Solar Cells with ZNS Buffer Layer: A Numerical Modeling and Simulation Approach | Chapter 4 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 6

In this phase, we examine by what method the thin-film CIGS solar cells depictions are modified when replacement the conventional toxic  by  safeguard layers.  is individual of the most hopeful semiconductor materials for photovoltaic conversion established polycrystalline thin-films. It is a semiconductor of great appeal in recent years as thin-film battery powered by the sun absorber material. Usually a safeguard layer of cadmium sulphide is secondhand in high efficiency cosmic cells established . Numerous studies have been done to use Cd-free safeguard layers on account of cadmium toxicity.  Our work focuses on this type of CIGS-based cosmic cells where  is interchanged by a  buffer coating. In this contribution AFORS-HET software is used to imitate  polycrystalline thin-film solar cell place the key parts are p-CIGS absorber coating and n-ZnS buffer layer. The part of the buffer tier is to be as much transparent as attainable, allowing a maximum light part of 24 hours absorption in the protection layer while maintaining a depressed interface recombination rate. To maximise adaptation efficiency, it has been raise that the doping concentrations of the protection and buffer tiers, as well as their thickness and Ga content, are detracting component features. We find a maximum adaptation efficiency of  with a avoid current of , an open circuit strength of , and a fill factor of.

Author(s) Details:

Adama Sylla,
Laboratoire d’Energie Solaire, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, BP.V34, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire.

Siaka Toure,
Laboratoire d’Energie Solaire, Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, BP.V34, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire.

Jean-Pierre Vilcot,
Institut d’Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN), UMR, CNRS, 8520. Laboratoire Central, Cité Scientifique - Avenue Poincaré, Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V6/article/view/11339

Preparation of Ibuprofen Fast Dissolving Tablets Employing Starch Valerate: Design, Optimization and Evaluation Study | Chapter 4 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

 This  stage discusses design, optimise and judge ibuprofen fast dissolving tablets by employing vigor valerate-A novel super disintegrant.The fast-separating tablets of ibuprofen was prepared by engaging starch valerate as super disintegrant indifferent proportions in each case by direct condensation method using 23 factorial design, sodium vigor glycolate, crospovidone used as excellent disintegrants. In the 23 factorial design these super disintegrants was used to investigate the interaction belongings of three variables i.e.(a) vigor valerate, (b) sodium starch glycolate (c)crospovidone. The drug content, severity, friability, disintegration time and additional dissolution traits were determined.The vigor valerate prepared was found expected fine, free flowing kind of crystalline powder. powder. Starch xanthate exhibited good lump in water with 125.2%. All the fast-annulling tablets formulated engaging starch valerate were of good quality concerning drug content (100±5%), hardness (3.6-3.8 kg/sq. cm), and friability (0.11-0.12%). The decomposition time of all the planned tablets was found to be in the range of 12±0. 02 to 30±0.02s. The optimised expression FL8 has the least decomposition time that is, 12±0. 02s. The In vitro wetting time of the planned tablets was found expected in the range of 21±0.09 to 44±0.10s. The In–Vitro wetting time was less (that is, 90s) in optimized expression FL8. The water absorption percentage of the formulated tablets was found expected in the range of 30±0.12 to 100±0.09%.Starch valerate was found expected a new superdisintegrant which reinforced the dissolution efficiency when linked with sodium vigor glycolate, crospovidone, with the ibuprofen.

Author(s) Details:

Santosh Kumar Rada,
GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Rushikonda, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh-530045, India.

M. Ramya,
GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Rushikonda, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh-530045, India.

Shambhavi Kandukuri,
GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Rushikonda, Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh-530045, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V6/article/view/11358